Umqambi Vasily Andreev

Umqambi Vasily Andreev wazalwa ngo-1861 emkhayeni abathengisi. Ayizange ibe umthengisi, futhi waba nesithakazelo umculo. Siyabonga kuye, kwakunengozi fashion Russian Folk amathuluzi, okuyinto Uthole eside ukuqashelwa zomphakathi kanye ukwamukelwa esiteji ekhonsathini. Andreev wawungelona nje uhide umqambi, kodwa futhi okukwazi ukuhlela nokuba umgqugquzeli kwezobuciko.

Virtuoso nowayenguSomhlahlandlela

-orchestra sakhe sokuqala Vasily Andreev kwakhiwa Petersburg. Kuhlanganisa abalandeli nogubhu, zhaleek, amathamborini namanye amathuluzi abantu. Orchestra amakhonsathi zasakazekela wokuzilibazisa izwe ukudlala balalaika. Vasily Andreev yena ngobuciko kahle ithuluzi.

Umqambi uye empeleni wadala indawo entsha lokusungula zomculo, eyaziwa Folk Russian art wezinsimbi yesiko ebhaliwe. It ahlanganisiwe zombili lezi zici professional zezifundo kanye zamasiko. Ngakho kubhekwe eliyingqayizivele konke akwenza Vasily Andreev. Umqambi kwadingeka umbono yokudala uhlobo olusha art zomculo akuyona ngokushesha, nakuba balalaika umxhwele kuye kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ngaphezu kwakho konke ethanda ngamazwi esasenza ithuluzi nezindlela zayo kuqalisa.

Vasily Andreev - umqambi, zihlukaniswa ukuzinikezela okweqile ukuba ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayengumuntu ukusebenza bukhoma virtuoso, futhi ngakolunye - a theoretician Cabangisisa, owabhala isibalo esikhulu izihloko kanye nezincwadi kusihloko esithandayo.

balalaika Okokuqala chromatique

Nakuba Vasily Andreev ezikhethekile folk, ithonya sekuyisikhathi nomculo zezemfundo. Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu yafunda violin, ukuthatha izifundo kusukela umqhubi ezivelele violin Nikolaya Galkina, owake waba uprofesa emkhakheni ngesikhathi Petersburg Conservatory. Yingakho Andreev phezu isikhathi esengeziwe sekugcwalisiwe nezimfuneko balalaika sicaciselwe ithuluzi ekhonsathini. Sills Ucingo eyisibonelo ukunikeza isikali diatonic. Umqambi usebenzise indlela efanayo, fixed Ubumnene chromatique. Waba amasu ukusebenza wezinguquko.

Ngo-1887, kanye master abanamakhono Franz Paserbskim Andreev wadala balalaika lokuqala chromatique. Ithuluzi ngokushesha kwakuqala ukwanda. Ehlobo lika ngonyaka ofanayo incwadi "balalaika School". isampula Paserbskogo waba lokubalulekile kumcoka icala ukuphila Andreeva. Ngokokuqala ngqá kwakukhona balalaika, okuyinto waba yithuluzi zezemfundo, uye walondoloza ejwayelekile zamasiko impahla yayo (inombolo enezintambo, emphemeni elingunxantathu, amasu ukudlala, uhlelo). Noma yimuphi amathemba yefa lakhe classical zomculo.

popularization of balalaika

Eqinisweni Andreev wanika izwe balalaika efomini eziphambili ethuthukisiwe. Ngaphambi kwalokhu isizwe lokhu ithuluzi umsuka waso ethnographic, futhi manje sekuyinkinga kazwelonke ngisho ukusatshalaliswa yayo mass. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi simo uhlukile emlandweni umculo.

Eminyakeni nje eyishumi, balalaika usephendukele okuyinto namanye amathuluzi, emakhulwini eminyaka edingekayo. Ekuqaleni ngekhulu xxi eRussia kwakunoFakazi abacishe babe ngu-200 000 (kuleli cala Petersburg, Babengathi izinkulungwane 65).

Kuzuzisa Andreev imodeli

Iyithuluzi Vasily Andreev wabhala izihloko eziningi wadala indlela entsha esiphezulu, kunqunywa fashion zomculo isikhathi sakhe. balalaika okusha ithuthukisiwe ukuze sekuyinto ezingabizi kakhulu sokuthuthukisa sokuqala kulezi zifiki. buviyoviyo wakhe umsindo sasikahle abahlukene futhi sonorous ezingaphezu kuka ababengaphambi zabo.

Ifomu balalaika baba kuwusizo kakhudlwana, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, emfishane. Izinzuzo ungagxambukeli ithuluzi uhlala eshibhile futhi kulula ukwenza. Kuyathokozisa kufanelekile kokubili obuseduze lyrical Folk songs nangemidanso ukuze uyisififane. Isiqalo nesigcino zonke lezi zinzuzo edonsela abathanda ngaphezulu abafuna ukufunda izikebhe engaziwa umculo wabo.

Ukuvela kwe-orchestra

Ngemva ukubonakala balalaika entsha chromatique Andreev got a inqwaba yabafundi. Kuyinto ba, kanye nakuthisha wabo ukwakha ethandwa Petersburg Orchestra (kokuqala - abantu 8). ekhonsathini yakhe wokuqala wabanjelwa Mashi 20, 1888. Lolu suku - usuku lokuzalwa ngeqembu labadlali bezinsimbi zomculo Russian Folk amathuluzi.

amathuluzi party abangu bakopisha futhi kwadingeka ngokwahlukana obusebenzayo ecacile (kuzithinta ihambisana, bass, Ihubo). Balalaika kudlalwa kanyekanye. Kamuva, ngo-1890, i-orchestra selingaphezu abantu 16.

Inkulumo-ze umculo ebuthweni

Ujwayelene yithuluzi Vasily Andreev wabhala kudlala, wezinsimbi wadala futhi wabhala incwadi, okungafanele siyikhohlwe ukuthi neqhaza elikhulu ekuphumeleleni kwalo mkhankaso abanekhono ukukhuthaza balalaika. Nokwaziwa enhloko-dolobha, umqambi laqala ukuhlela imibuthano thematic ibutho. Wayengumuntu (futhi ilungile) ukuthi demobilized abuyele izindawo zabo amasosha uzobe kutshalwa nabangani uthando umndeni balalaika.

Ngakho nasemizaneni, namafemu kuyinto ukuvuselelwa temdzabu, futhi kwezakhi ezibanzi ethandwa ngaqeqeshelwa yobuhle zomculo. Kakade okungenani ngakho emthaleni abaculi olukhulu Ukukhanyiselwa kuthatha liyindawo efanelekayo Vasily Andreev. Udlala umqambi waziwa kabanzi futhi esetshenziswa Baningi abantu abathanda njengoba impahla eluhlaza for ukuqeqeshwa yabo.

Ngo-1897, Andreev eyenziwe ukusungulwa abasebenzi yokufundisa yempi, wahlanganyela ukukhuthazwa umdlalo kwi balalaika. amasosha Abaningi bafunde umqambi, adlalwa ngaleso Mariinsky Theatre. Ekhonsathini elalinikezelwe 10 iminyaka engu-Andreeva ithimba, waya kuyi-orchestra, eyayihlanganisa 380 balalaika.

Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi inhlangano ukuqeqeshwa ukuze ube umqambi sika elula manje. Ekuqaleni, kwadingeka alwe nge nenchubokuphatsa bureaucratic nakwezempi emahhovisi, eyakho amathuluzi kazwelonke nge eziningi ubandlululo nokwedelelwa.

umqambi abafundi

Ukulandela Petersburg Orchestra Andreeva ezweni lonke yaqala ukubonakala bands efanayo, onguchwepheshe Russian folk. Umuzi wesibili ne umbuthano omusha abalandeli yomdlalo kwi balalaika kwaba eMoscow.

Expanded futhi-orchestra St Andrew, eyayihlanganisa abafundi abazinikele kakhulu umqambi. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke phakathi kwabo izuzwe UNikolai Fomin. Watadisha ngesikhathi Petersburg Conservatory bayiletha umbuthano ezengeziwe zezemfundo kanye nobuchwepheshe. Fomin kwaba nombhali iningi ebhaliwe kanye amalungiselelo Russian Folk songs for weqembu lomculo wezinsimbi. Imisebenzi yakhe ngokushesha baba classical. Yiqiniso ekubeni Fomina abathintekayo futhi Vasily Andreev. "Meteor", "Faun" nezinye imisebenzi bakhe baye baba esisebenzayo ezizukulwane eziningana abaculi.

Andreev futhi domra

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yena saphela ukwanelisa ngamazwi Andreyev Balalaika Orchestra iyunifomu. Waba nomuzwa linjengenhlokomo akuyona ezihlukahlukene ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, umqambi Yaqala kule orchestra wonke amathuluzi lakhe elisha. Baye basiza ubuyekeze uhlelo ekhonsathini ngezithukuthuku imisebenzi lubucayi kakhudlwana classical zezemfundo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukunwetshwa repertoire kwe-orchestra Andreev wakhuthaza izibalo abaningi abadumile yobuciko Russian kwesikhathi. Balalaika umculo ukuhungeka kude hhayi abaculi kuphela. Ngakho, walondoloza ukuxhumana Andreev umculi omkhulu Iley Repinym.

Ukufuna efanelekayo kabusha Russian Folk amathuluzi, Andreev nginquma ukushintsha ukuba yezinhlamvu nezinye izimfijoli domra. Umbuzo izesekeli awo ke izazi. Andreev wathola "indlalifa" Sekuyisikhathi eside wanyamalala kusuka Izisethenziswa ububanzi dobro e balalaika vyat. sici alandisa kwakukhona iqebelengwana umzimba (ngaphandle "zakudala" unxantathu).

Ukuze lokho amathuluzi Vasily Andreev wabhala kudlala? Iningi imisebenzi yakhe esidalelwe balalaika. Noma kunjalo, umqambi kuye kwenza abantu popularize kanye namanye amathuluzi. Isibonelo dobro e Ngalo mqondo, eyabonisa kakhulu. Kabusha ke, Andreev wathola umthombo omusha ezihlukahlukene kokuthona for-orchestra yayo Russian Folk amathuluzi.

buyekeza-orchestra

dobro lokuqala amasampula Vyatka benziwa ehlobo lika-1896. Ngemva ohlwini St Andrew ekhonsathini ye-orchestra Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Russian Omkhulu. Umqambi lichaza izizathu ukuvela izimpawu ezintsha ukuthi nabafundi wasebenzisa amathuluzi ayisibonelo kuphela enyakatho nasenkabeni imizila zwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emculweni siqala kabusha nangesigqoko ihabhu.

Ngaphezu balalaika, Vasily Andreev kusuka ebuntwaneni Ngasithanda harmonica. Ngalolu ithuluzi, wayedlala ngesikhathi esemncane kakhulu. Ekhaya e Marino nge umqambi harmonic ngokuvamile waphumula emva Gigs eside. Ekuqaleni, le orchestra njalo alternated izinombolo insimbi ne balalaika. Nge Vasily Andreev Harmonics ukudlalwa umsebenzi sína futhi enemininingwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yakudala Elikhulu Russian Orchestra leli thuluzi noma cha. Iqiniso ukuthi harmonica kuyinto ezihambelana ingoma ezisemadolobheni, kuyilapho Andreev (ngoba bonke uthando lwakhe kuye) wazama ukuvuseleleka i stratum zangaphambilini temdzabu.

imisebenzi umculi

"Izinkumbulo Vienna", "Faun", "Butterfly" Polonaise №1 - lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele imisebenzi, okuyinto lixhaswe ngezimali yi-Vasily Andreev. "Orchid 'nayo owaziwa inombolo repertory Omkhulu Orchestra Russian. Ngisho namaqembu abantu yesimanje siqhubeke sifeza ukucutshungulwa ingoma "unyezi", wadala engaphezu kwekhulu edlule ngu umqambi.

Vasily Andreev wabhala kudlala wezinsimbi ezimibalabala, ezigqamile esithombeni kumculo bese ethandwa phakathi yasakazwa izilaleli kungenzeka. Basuke bakhangwa bajwayelane entsha wezinsimbi Folk isiko bonke labo abanamathela entsha ashisayo.

uhambo

Ukwakheka Instrumental eqoqwe Andreev, kwasiza ekugcizeleleni ngisho kunazo baqaphela bomculo zezemfundo. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka UNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Andreev ithonya esiyitholayo opera yakhe mayelana emzini Kitezh. Sam ze balalaika namanye amathuluzi abantu, wamukela umqondo ka ubhala imali yokuzifundisa yena siqu imisebenzi emisha-orchestra sika emikhulu.

Iyaduma abasebenzi Andreeva zaqala amakhonsathi hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi phesheya. Omkhulu Russian Orchestra ukusebenza ngabe athengiswe eJalimane, France, yiMelika kanye ne-England. Ikesi lapho i umqambi Italian Ruggero Leoncavallo ukuya Berlin "Pagliacci" Opera kwesizini lakhe ukuze ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze khona ekhonsathini Vasily.

Andreev kuze eminyakeni yamuva wahlala oyiculayo lisebenza futhi ozinikele. Ngemva Revolution, kulwiwa zaqala ukuhlasela, kwathi umqambi waya phambi ngamakhonsathi. ukusebenza bakhe basanda ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi iRed Army. Ngelinye ilanga amakhonsathi olwenziwa Vasily Andreev emakhazeni isudu ukukhanya wagula wabangwa nezibi. It wathunyelwa Petrograd. Washona ngo-December 26, 1918. Tomb Andreev isendleleni umqambi Tikhvin Amathuna, lapho amanga izibalo ezidumile yobuciko zomculo.