Umongameli zesifazane Famous

Owesifazane amandla kuleli zwe lanamuhla, akekho uyoba umangale. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba adonsele ukunakekela kwabo emakhasini umlando, sizobona ukuthi ezinsukwini ezikude kwezikhathi zethu, wobulili fair kwakungasehlane laseBeti yombuso futhi ngokuphumelelayo ke. Kuyini igama Indlovukazi yaseSheba, Cleopatra, Marii Medichi, noma uCatherine Omkhulu ...

Eqinisweni Okuningi kungamangalisi ukuthi umphakathi wentando nomqondo samanje uyangabaza omele amandla zesifazane.

Lesi sihloko utjela umfundi ukuthi amazwe uMongameli - owesifazane, futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngalezi zintokazi.

omongameli ngasebenzi

Kuze kube manje, ke emlandweni emhlabeni ukuthi umengameli owesifazane wafika ehhovisi nezikhathi amathathu nanhlanu. Ngokushesha kuwufanele Yishoni ukuthi le nombolo akubandakanyi Undunankulu, induna-regents, ongqongqoshe bakahulumeni, nababusi-jikelele, ogama izikhundla emazweni ahlukene ulinganiswa inhloko yezwe.

Omunye wabo okwamanje ezisebenza omongameli nambili bangabesifazane. Ngakho, laba bameleli amabili nantathu akazange hlala lokhu okuthunyelwe.

Umengameli wokuqala zesifazane wakhethwa e kude Argentina ngo-1974. Yaba Elizabeth Martinez de Perón. Nokho, leli kwakungelona ukukhetha omphakathi. Elizabeth wakhonza njengephayona likamongameli ngaphansi komyeni wakhe Juan Perón. Ngakho, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, yena ngokuzenzakalela baba inhloko yezwe. Nokho, kwadingeka ukwesekwa okumangalisayo okuvela kwabanye abantu abaningi, izinyunyana, kanye ibutho njalo. Elizabeth Ubhace ubekade Icebo lika.

Umengameli wokuqala besifazane kuleli zwe futhi lesibili emhlabeni - lena Vigdis Finnbogadottir. Yena waba inhloko yalawa Iceland futhi aphethwe lokhu okuthunyelwe imigomo yomine, kusukela yesihlanu wenqaba. Lalisebenza ngokuphelele ihlukile kuleyo langaphambilini, njengoba iningi isikhathi sakhe Vigdis zikhokhelwe ekuthuthukiseni ulimi kazwelonke kanye namasiko Icelandic esiyingqayizivele.

Abesifazane oMongameli musa njalo uqale career zabo kwezombusazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, inhloko Malta Agatha uBarbara (1982-1987 GG.) Ingabe ekuqaleni uthisha elula esikoleni.

Korason Akino - UMengameli we Philippines kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-1992 - ngeke ahileleke kakhulu kwezombangazwe. Wayengumngane umqaphindlu, umama nezingane ezinhlanu. Kodwa izimo wayiphoqa ukuba angenele ezindabeni isimo. Umyeni wakhe, esinye sezikhulu zezombangazwe esidumile, wayeyilungu ukuphikiswa emagunyeni. Waboshwa futhi zixoshwa ezweni, futhi uma uzama ukuya emuva - Kushone. Ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo eziyinhlekelele Corazon asekelwe ekufiseni kwayo futhi ezama abe ngumengameli. Yena ngempumelelo wagijima kuleli zwe, naphezu Icebo lika imizamo eminingi (kasikhombisa eminyakeni emibili!).

EGuyana, kwaba futhi owesifazane umengameli wayo wokuqala. I US okwazalelwa yayo, emithanjeni yegazi Jewish ekhanda lami - imicabango Marxism. Igama lakhe kwakungu Dzhanet Dzhagan. Wathatha phezu njengenhloko yombuso ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe Cheddi Jagan. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi ukuthi wayengumuntu wamazinyo, futhi yena - angaba umhlengikazi.

OMongameli nabesifazane emhlabeni ngokuvamile hhayi ngokushesha waqala ukuya ngezindlela zezombangazwe. Ngezinye izikhathi esibonelweni sabazali babo bakhuthazwa (Megawati Sukarnoputri, Indonesia), ngezinye izikhathi - umsebenzi lesibonwa (Ruthe Dreifuss, Switzerland), kodwa othile waya lokhu uyaqaphela, lwela amalungelo (Tarja Halonen, Finland).

owesifazane umongameli ekhona. Liberia

U-Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf wakhonza njengephayona inhloko yezwe kusukela ngo-2005. Waba omele lokuqala ubulili bubuhle ngaso sikhundla esiphakeme phakathi amakhanda amazwe ase-Afrika. Nokho, bekungaba shayela ababuthakathaka ngaphandle uhlanya. UHelen somphakathi njengoba umholi nginenhliziyo futhi ngaqina ezaziwayo.

UHelen iziqu Harvard, wabe esebuyela Liberia futhi waba umsizi uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali. Ngo-1980 wathatha ukuthumela ngokwakho. Le nkathi kwaba nzima umsebenzi wakhe njengomuntu wesifazane usolwa ngokufuna isimo ngokukhwabanisa futhi zixoshwa ezweni, okuyinto wakwazi ukubuyela kuphela 1997.

Okhethweni ka-1997, uHelen - ikhandidethi kamongameli. Kepha owesifazane lo wayengumGreki ikwazi ukuqoqa% 10 kuphela wamavoti. Lokhu ukunqotshwa ayizange ezinyakaziswayo ukholo lwakhe yena, futhi wathuthuka kakhulu kulo omunye umzamo ngo-2005. Iningi abavoti isinqumo sokuthi Johnson-Sirleaf - umongameli omusha wezwe.

Chile

Okuwukuphela owesifazane umongameli emlandweni wezwe - Michelle Bachelet. Namuhla leli gama umhlaba wakhe njengenhloko yombuso yesibili. Thanda okokuqala (ngo-2006), yena wakhethwa ngu eningini elingaphezu kukahhafu.

umndeni sikaMichelle ngabhekana kusukela Pinochet wobushiqela. Uyise ugixabezwe lokho kuyiqiniso emsebenzini lakhe lempi, kwaba ohlangothini umbusi esisemthethweni. Ekuphetheni, wayesefa. Michel kanye nonina, nabo baboshwa futhi okwesabisayo owabeka bahlukunyezwa njengamambuka. Kwakuyisimangaliso yakwazi ukugqashula futhi balishiye leli zwe. Okwesikhathi esithile babehlala e-Australia kanye German Democratic Republic.

Ngo-1979, Bachelet ebuyela ekhaya, wathola iziqu wezokwelapha e-University of eChile, futhi wasebenza isikhathi eside esibhedlela sezingane.

umsebenzi wakhe wezombangazwe zaqala ngo-1990, lapho wahlanganyela kokukhuluma-World Health Organization. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, wathola okuthunyelwe Enkonzweni. Ngo-2000 waba nguNgqongqoshe Wezempilo, futhi ngo-2002 (ngaphezu) - uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela, ukuthi ngowesifazane kakhulu engavamile kakhulu.

Phakathi nesikhathi wakhe ngezinto eziza kuqala kuqala yilezi: kabusha nempesheni kuphepha kwemphakatsi kute imindeni edla imbuya ngothi.

Ukuhambisa ku kwethemu yesibili, Michelle wafika kabusha kuqhame ezemfundo, ethembisa ukuthi imfundo khulula. Futhi, omunye izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho uhulumeni isebenza 2014 - ekulweni ukungalingani.

Bachelet ongashadile naye. Uneziqu izingane ezintathu.

Argentina

Owesifazane umongameli we-Argentina - UCristina Fernandez de Kirchner. Ubelokhu ehhovisi kusukela ngo-2007.

Christina okhokho babedabuka eSpain kanye iVolga amaJalimane. Wazalelwa La Plata ngo-1953. Yena umxhwele kwezepolitiki kanti ukufunda eyunivesithi, ukuba ngqo - ngemva kokuhlangana umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo, Nestor, owayehlangene ku olukhulu ukunyakaza ngakwesokunxele.

Ethola iziqu Faculty of Law, ngemva kwalokho lo mbhangqwana (washada ngo-1975) waya Santa Cruz, lapho yavula ihhovisi umthetho.

UChristine ukuqala umsebenzi wezepolitiki yomyeni wakhe ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokhetho 1980. Waba umbusi wesifundazwe, futhi kuba - ilungu lomkhandlu wesishayamthetho.

Ayisekele ngekutimisela umka wokhetho lobumengameli, UCristina, futhi wayazi ukuthi ayimkhangi zomphakathi ngaphezulu. Ngakho, uma kuphela ihlandla komyeni wakhe siphelile futhi wenqaba ukusebenzisa futhi njengoba umfundi okhethwe uChristine.

Ngo Inqubomgomo yasekhaya, Christina labetibambile imithetho eziningana ezibalulekile, ezifana onqabela ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi, i-semthethweni bobulili obufanayo, ukusungulwa izimali zempesheni yangasese nokunye.

Inqubomgomo Foreign yayihloselwe kuqiniswa of ubudlelwano namanye amazwe. Nokho, abanye baye bathola ukuqonda wehluleka Argentina owesifazane umongameli. I US nase-UK akuzona njalo nobungane abaholi Latin American. Nge ukungqubuzana isimo sokuqala senzeke ngo-2007 (endabeni usomabhizinisi Antonini Wilson), kanti eyesibili - ngo-2010, lapho amazwe amabili azikwazanga ukuthola isixazululo lapho kuvezwa British lamafutha ngasogwini Argentina (ngokunembile, lo uphikise Falkland Islands).

Owesifazane umongameli we-Argentina, UCristina Fernández sihluke nozakwabo akuyona nje indlela yokucabanga, kodwa futhi isitayela. Uhlale egqoke High Heels langa izingubo. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, yathi shopping passion wakhe.

Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe ngo-2010, uChristine wanikeza isithembiso ukugqoka nokulila Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi liye kubonakala yomphakathi kuphela izingubo ezimnyama.

Brazil

Owesifazane umongameli we amazwe Third World ngokuvamile ukuze imibono yabo okuqhubekayo bashushiswa. Lokhu isiphetho awuphasiswa nenhloko yaseBrazil noDilma Rousseff.

Waba ihileleke kwezombusazwe kusukela ngo-1964, lapho kwakukhona umbuso wezempi. Le ntombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa ubudala. Kodwa ke izakhi zofuzo kwaba nomphumela, ngoba uyise noDilma, uPetru, naye ihileleke kwezombusazwe e izwe lakubo (Bulgaria), kepha waphoqeleka ukuba abaleke ngenxa usongo ekuphileni.

Eminyakeni embalwa noDilma ucashile, ukusekela izinhlangano ahlomile ezingqubuzana ubushiqela wezempi.

Ngo-1970, yena waboshwa iminyaka emibili futhi alibophela. Yena kwakufanele nakho okwengeziwe, ngisho ngogesi. Esejele walishiya umuntu ehluke ngokuphelele, uthole kude zehlakalo ezimbi, wathola kwezomnotho, futhi wazala indodakazi kumyeni wakhe (futhi usekela ukwakheka wamavukelambuso).

NoDilma isibe omunye wabasunguli be-Democratic Labour Party. Kodwa ngo-1990 ngasekupheleni waya ephathini abantu abasebenza, has a ukubukwa eziwukweqisa. Ngo-2003, waba woMnyango wezaMandla ngaphansi kukaMengameli da Silva, futhi isipikili nohulumeni wakhe ngo-2005.

Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, noDilma esebeké phambili candidacy yayo ngoba likaMengameli we lizwe. Emkhankasweni wokhetho, wabathembisa ukuthi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi, kuhlanganise:

• enifeza ukuletha izinguquko zezombangazwe nezokulima;
• ukusekela quota zobuhlanga kanye nenkululeko yenkolo;
• the semthethweni umshado phakathi kwabantu bobulili obufanayo abantu;
• ukuqedwa isigwebo sokufa;
• ukuqedwa semthethweni izidakamizwa esithambile.

Republic of Korea

Abesifazane omongameli ngezinye izikhathi sengozini lapho sibhekene nengozi. Kodwa umholi of Korea Park Geun-hye, cishe enawulungiselelwa lutho. Kwadingeka abhekane ngokufa okudabukisayo abazali babo. Ubaba wakhe, Pak Chon Sawubona, kwaba nomongameli, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa zungu ukuphila kwakhe kwadluliselwa abanamanxeba abulalayo esingu unina. Ngemva kokufa umlingani ikhanda izibophezelo we lady wokuqala ku indodakazi yakhe endala. Ngakho-ke, Park Geun-hye ekuqaleni ukuthi yini kwezombangazwe, ngalo kuyodingeka abhekane.

Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu bebhapathiziwe ukushona kukamama wakhe, futhi washonelwa uyise, ngubani ebulawa ngo-1979.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, kusukela ngo-1998, lagijima lashiya isithunzi ngoba ephalamende futhi wathola isihlalo ePhalamende. Kodwa kwangithatha kuphela imisebenzi party kusukela ngo-2004.

Ngo-2011, waba umholi weqembu iqembu saenuri, okuyinto ngemva konyaka iwine ukhetho ePhalamende. Ngawo lowo nyaka, Park Geun-hye won ngokhetho.

Namuhla, umholi Korean iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nantathu, futhi bakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi inqubomgomo isibe kuyindaba yokuphila kwakhe. Akakaze beshadile futhi ayinaso izingane.

Croatia

Cishe ngonyaka (kusukela ngo-February 2015), izwe iholwa Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic. Akekho nje nempela owayeke wacabanga ukuthi ngaphandle komuzi sikhule umongameli zesifazane Girly. US baba isiqalo sakhe iphuzu, kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Kolinda wazalelwa emzaneni omncani eYugoslavia, kusukela zisencane, kwadingeka abhekane ubunzima bokuphila yasemakhaya. USara wake wathi ukuthi akekho umuntu NATO kodwa akazi kanjani asenge amankomazi. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyiqiniso.

Kodwa naphezu kobunzima wokuphila, intombazane ingqondo into eziyibonayo kakhulu. Wafunda ulimi Croatian, kodwa ukunqoba kwako main kwaba yokufuna imidondoshiya ukufunda e Melika. Kwakulapho ukuthi kahle yingcweti ngesiNgisi.

Kolinda iziqu Faculty of Political Sciences e Zagreb, baphinda US, abe Zakhamizi wase-University George. Washington. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakwazi ukuthola ukuqeqeshwa at Harvard University. Ngemva kwalokho Kolinda wamenywa ukuba Dzhona Hopkinsa University njengoba nabo ucwaningo.

Umsebenzi wakhe wezombangazwe zaqala ngo-1992, lapho waba umeluleki Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Zonke 1990 wahlanganyela imisebenzi lenxusa, wengamela endaweni North American. Ingabe Isekela Ambassador eCanada.

Kusukela 2003 kwaba eyilungu lePhalamende futhi kusetshenzwe ngayo izinkinga Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili baba wezangaPhandle. Eziseqhulwini wezwe steel Kolinda engena EU futhi NATO.

Waba neminyaka emithathu (2008) kwaba inxusa eCroatia e-United States.

Ngo-2015, e-emzuliswaneni wesibili, wathola futhi eba umongameli Croatia.

Kolinda washada kusukela ngo-1996. Umshado unezingane ezimbili.

Lithuania

UDalia Grybauskaite ngo-2014 kabusha ukhethelwa isikhathi lesibili njengomengameli we Lithuania.

Wazalelwa 1956 e Vilnius. Ngokusho kwemibiko yayo, abazali bayo abasebenzi elula kanzima. Kodwa emaphephandabeni yanyatheliswa Imininingwane declassified wokuthi uyise, Polikarpas ingeyamakhosi NKVD.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wasebenza kancane ukuze uthole okungenani ezinye imali. Bese ngaya eLeningrad, lapho wabhalisa University. Zhdanov. Wafunda ngesikhathi amakilasi kusihlwa ngenxa Labor Day ku noboya ifektri njengoba laboratory.

Ngo-1983 wathola idiploma wezomnotho kwezombangazwe. Ngawo lowo nyaka waba party futhi wabuyela Vilnius. Wafundisa eyayinesihloko esithi okukhethekile yabo Higher Party School komuzi.

Ngo-1988, e Moscow, yena bavikela mqondo sayo futhi yaqala ukusebenza e-Academy of Social Sciences.

Ngenxa Dahl kuyinto umyalo ezinhle kakhulu lesingisi, yathunyelwa kusuka Lithuania e-United States, lapho i-internship eGeorgetown University. Wasebenza iminyaka eminingana e-Ministry of Foreign Affairs, bese baba umeleli ogunyaziwe Lithuania e-United States.

Ngemva ukubusa Lithuania ukuze EU Dahl wakhonza njengephayona European Commission akuyona izibopho zayo ngo-2009 maqondana umkhankaso wokhetho. Abavoti unquma ukuthi inhloko yezwe kufanele abe ngumengameli wesifazane. Russia akuyona kakhulu, elala amazwe lokhu nesikhathi esimweni lwaluyophola.

Dahl akuyona oshadile, ayinakho izingane.

Germany

umongameli Female of America, kungenzeka ngokushesha avele emkhathizwe, kodwa inkanyezi kukhanya Angela Merkel kusukela ngo-2005. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho waba inhloko ezweni lakhe.

Angela wazalwa ngo-1954 e-Hamburg. bokhokho bakhe esusela likamama ohlangothini kayise babe nabasePoland.

Ukuya esikoleni, u-Angela akusho ivelele, kwaba intombazane nesizotha futhi ethule. Kodwa okwenza negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni cwaningo wezibalo futhi isiRashiya. Ngemva kokuqeda esikoleni, waya Leipzig abangayipha ubuhlakani ngokomzimba University.

Njengoba umfundi, wahlanganyela emisebenzini ye Mahhala German Youth Union, kanye oshadile Uilriha Merkel, futhi, i-physics umfundi.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu umbhangqwana waya Berlin, lapho obeqeqesha. Angela waqala ukusebenza Academy of Sciences, kamuva bavikela mqondo wakhe. Ngesikhathi inkonzo ngihlangana nomyeni wakhe wamanje - Joachim noSauer.

umsebenzi Merkel sika ezombusazwe eqala ngemva kokuwa uDonga LwaseBerlin futhi entry lwalo party ngaphansi kwegama "intuthuko yeningi". Ngo-1990, ingelosi washintsha imibono yakhe futhi wajoyina iChristian Democratic Union. Wayengumngane kanzima ukuya phezulu isitebhisi umsebenzi, ngoba nguye kuphela eMpumalanga Jalimane. Kodwa ohlangothini wakhe kwaba Helmut Kohl, umholi waleli qembu. Ngo-1993, yena wahola CDU kwelinye emazweni isiJalimane.

Ngemva konyaka, okhethweni ukuze Bundestag Angela uthola okuthunyelwe kukaNgqongqoshe Ezungezile. Ngo-1998, waba uNobhala Jikelele we-CDU.

Ngenxa scandal zezimali ngo-2000 kusukela post yakhe umholi wama-CDU Schaeuble ngakwesokunxele (kanti ngaphambi kwalokho Kohl). A iningi lamavoti, kwanqunywa ukuthi Merkel bayovuka oshayelayo iqembu.

2002 ukhetho iwine Gerhard Schröder, ngubani, ngokungafani kuya Merkel, akazange ayisekele Inqubomgomo Bush sika e-Iraq.

Nokho, kancane kancane, Social Democratic Party, emi oshayelayo, kwaba sokulahlekelwa ithemba. Kwanqunywa ukuba ushayele ukhetho ekuseni ngo-2005. SPD futhi CDU kukora cishe inani elifanayo amavoti (1% umehluko). amasonto amahlanu izingxoxo phakathi kwezinhlangano yayiqhutshelwa, okuholele izivumelwano zokusebenzisana ziye zafinyelela kuso, futhi u-Angela Merkel, wamemezela inhloko yezwe.

Merkel liyaziwa yayo sokuma pro-American, ngisho scandal ne wiretapping amafoni CIA it ayikashintshi isimo. Ngokuphathelene Inqubomgomo yasekhaya, khona-ke, ngokusho kongoti, it libhekene webumbacambili nabakhulu imibono njalo in limbo.

Switzerland

Owesifazane umongameli we Belarus - umlingisi nje kusukela yesayensi movie, kodwa e-Switzerland lokhu umphumela wokhetho lobumengameli akuyona into engavamile. Umongameli wamanje - Simonetta Samorugga - owesifazane lesihlanu kulesi sikhundla (emlandweni wamuva).

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole, wayefuna ukuba aphishekele sina umculo khona wopiyano kakhulu. Simonetta waqeqeshwa US nase-Italy. Khona-ke wafundiswa ngolimi lwesiNgisi kanye izincwadi eyunivesithi.

Ngu inqubomgomo uye kwaphoqa umsebenzi we-Foundation of Wokuvikelwa Kwabathengi. Kusukela ngo-1981, yena umelwe Social Democrats.

Simonetta wayeyilungu eMkhandlwini kaZwelonke futhi oPhethe States. Ngo-2010 yena ephethwe eMnyangweni Wezobulungiswa kanye Amaphoyisa. Ekupheleni 2014 yena wakhethwa esikhundleni sokuba nowezwe.

Simonetta umfazi umbhali - Lukas Hartmann.