Umlobi u-Ivan Makarov: biography, ubuciko kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Izincwadi zesiRussia zicebile ngamagama aqondile. Kodwa impilo yezenhlalo nezombangazwe yezwe yakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi abezindaba basesandleni sikahulumeni wamanje. Futhi amagama abalobi abaningi, izinkondlo, ososayensi iminyaka eminingi bazinikele ekuqapheliseni. Phakathi kwabo, umlobi onethalente u-Ivan Ivanovich Makarov.

Iminyaka yokuqala yombhali

U-Ivan Makarov wazalwa edolobheni laseSaltyki ngo-Okthoba 30, 1900. Ekubhapathizweni wathola igama likaJohane.

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni sasemaphandleni, u-Ivan wamukelwa njengomfundi ongcono kakhulu wokufunda e-Ryazhskaya Men's Gymnasium yemfundo kahulumeni. Ngaphambi kokuphela kwezemidlalo, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wafunda imali yomphakathi.

Ngo-1918, ama-gymnasiums amabili abesifazane abazimele kanye nesidlo sase-gym, lapho u-Ivan afunda khona, bahlanganiswa futhi baqanjwa kabusha. Ngo-June 1919, uzoqedela kuso njengesikole "Secondary School No. 2".

Iminyaka yokufunda

Othisha be-gymnase babenemfundo eyunivesithi. Umphathiswa we-gymnasium wayengumcebisi wangasese uJermolov. Abazivocavoca babevame ukuvakashela indawo yakhe - bahlola izindawo zokugcina izithombo, izingadi, izindawo zokugcina izithombo kanye nepaki.

Kwakukhona i-choir yomfundi ejimini. Kukhona i-violin, i-cello, i-pianos, i-violas, i-bass double, umgubhu, i-oboe. Ama-gymnasts akha i-orchestra yabafundi be-balalaika. Imibukiso eyenziwe, kuhlanganise nabahlali bomuzi. Abafundi bezemidlalo baqhutshwa ukufunda ngeSonto ngezithombe ezikhanyayo kanye neseshini ze-cinematography.

Egcinwe emidlalo yezemidlalo "ngeSonto ekuseni", entwasahlobo - imidlalo, ehlobo - ibhola nebhodi, elalikhokhelwa i-gymnasium. Ebusika bahlela ukuhamba ngezintaba kanye ne-skink skink for schoolboys.

Isayensi yangempela yanikezwa umlobi wesikhathi esizayo kahle. E-algeria, i-geometry, wayenezine, ngesiRashiya nasezincwadini - ezintathu. Iminyaka yokuqeqesha e-gymnasium iye yaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekubeni umlobi ozayo abe. Lezi zenzakalo ezenzakaliso zesikhathi: iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, iMbusi YaseFebhuwari, bese ku-October Revolution, ekuqaleni kweMpi Yombango.

Umndeni

Abazali bomlobi, abalimi i-Ivan Ivanovich Makarov noMaria Ivanovna Konkova, nabo bazalwa eSaltyki. Babengabantu abafundela ukufunda, okwakuyi-rarity ngaleso sikhathi. Bobabili baphuma emapulazini aqinile, amadokhumenti agcinwe eqinisekisa ukuthi aqasha umhlaba kusuka ku-Princess Trubetskoy.

Ubuciko Makarov Ivan Ivanovich ahlobene ngokungafani ne-biography yakhe. Emanvelweni akhe, umlobi uzokhombisa inani eliqondile lomhlaba ("Black Shawl") enkosikazi, kanye nenani labakhileyo emzaneni wakubo ("Steel Ribs"). Ubaba walo mlobi wayengumlimi ngaphandle komhlaba futhi wayenomshini wokuthunga, njengoba uMakarov ngokwakhe ebhala. Uyise wayesebenza ebhizinisini lebhantshi.

Izwe lonke lalihlelelwe umkhulu kaMakarov. Babehlala futhi endlini kayise. Umndeni wawunezingane eziyisithupha, u-Ivan - omdala kunabo bonke. Izakhiwo zomhlaba azikwazanga ukusekela umkhaya omkhulu, futhi ubaba wayevame ukuyosebenza eMoscow.

Eminyakeni yokuqala yohulumeni omusha, bobabili ubaba nendodana kaMakarov bangena emzimbeni weziphathimandla zendawo. Ubaba wayeyinhloko yekomidi lokulwa nabanikazi bezidakamizwa, futhi indodana yaba ilungu lomkhandlu wendawo. UMakarov, Jr. wayeyilungu lekomidi lesigodi labantu abampofu, owayenelungelo lokubamba "okusasa" kokusanhlamvu futhi asakaze phakathi kwalabo abakwaziyo.

Mhlawumbe, ukungabi nalutho komhlaba kwakuthonya umbono weMakarov-senior. Wavumela uhlelo lomphakathi "wezilwane" weSocialist-Revolutionary Party, umbuzo wakhe oyinhloko owawungumhlaba. Lokhu kudluliselwa endodaneni yakhe. Isihloko esiyinhloko somsebenzi wakhe sizoba abalimi, umhlaba kanye nokuvuselela, okuguqula izimpilo zabo.

Emisebenzini yakhe u-Ivan Makarov ukhuluma ngezenzakalo zangempela zika-1917. Incwadi ethi "I-Black Shawl" izokhombisa iqiniso lokuthi abalimi bephuza izidakamizwa lapho bephuza utshwala, kwathi abantu abangaba ngu-70 bafa.

Ukuphila komuntu siqu

Kweminye yemibuzo yakhe uMakarov waveza ukuthi wayengashadile. Emkhakheni wemibuzo weqembu ngo-1921, wathi u "washada". Umkakhe kwakunguVera Valentinovna Vonlyarlyarskaya, indodana eyamukelekayo - ngoJanuwari. Ngo-1941 yena, oneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, uzovolontiya phambili. Ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, uJanuwari uzofa ngaphansi koKoenigsberg.

Umsebenzi wokuguqula

I-revolution yabiza izinkulungwane zabantu abasha, uMakarov wayephakathi kwabo. Kule mibuzo, njalo ubeka "okuhle" noma "isilinganiso" esigrafu. Abangane bakhe eKomsomol bamthukuthelela, abaningi babo baphumelela esikoleni samabanga aphansi kuphela.

"Izinyathelo zokuqala zokuguquguquka" u-Ivan Makarov ezenza emzaneni wakubo, lapho nabantu bezakhamuzi beqothula kusukela ezindongeni zomkhandlu futhi bashisa ama-portraits enkosi. Wabe esengumfundi we-gymnasium. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, waya emcimbini lapho eyala khona - walwa e-Red Army, waba ngumfundisi wezombusazwe futhi uhlola isikhulu se-CHON, wayengunobhala weKhomishana ye-Andzd yaseKomsomol.

Ngo-1922, uMakarov ukhulunywe kulokhu okuthunyelwe futhi wathunyelwa esifundazweni njengomfundisi weKomiti YeRKSM. Wayehlala eRyazan, kepha wayevame ukuya ezifundeni zomsebenzi wakhe. Njengommele wesifundazwe saseRyazan, uMakarov wahamba ngoJanuwari 1924 waya emngcwabeni womholi eMoscow. Phakathi kwezihambeli kwakungu-6th All-Union Congress of the Komsomol.

Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-1923, uMakarov Ivan Ivanovich - ilungu leQembu lamaKhomanisi. Wahlanganisa umsebenzi weqembu kanye nobuciko bokubhala. Ngo-1924, ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe okubambisene, igatsha laseRyazan lePoet 'Union kanye nombuthano wokubhala kwakhiwa.

Kusukela ngo-1926, uMakarov wasebenza njengobhala wezeminyango emnyangweni wezemfundo yomphakathi. Ekupheleni konyaka owodwa wasuka eRyazan ukuze abone iSiberia. Isevisi yokugcina yaseMakarov eRyazan yilapho kuqondiswa isikole sokuphathwa komhlaba.

Izincwadi zokuqala

Iningi lempilo yakhe emfushane u-Ivan Makarov wayehlala ezweni laseRyazan. Wabamba iqhaza ekwakheni umbuso osemusha, okokuqala njengesisebenzi seKomsomol, bese esebenza njengesisebenzi seqembu. E-Ryazan, washicilelwa emaphephandabeni wendawo njengomlobi wasezindaweni zasemakhaya nomholi we-Komsomol inhlangano.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amanothi alotshiwe: "Ukukhala kwentsha", "Abazukulu bakaLenin", "Imicabango yomuntu omncane", "Ukukhala komsebenzi". Izindaba "Uvuko Lokuqala", "Mishkina contraband", "Amabhuzu noButter", "Isihluthulelo". "Isiqalekiso sikaGunka" nesithi "Izinyo ngezinyo" siletha uMakarov ezingeni lonke laseRussia. Kusukela kulo mzuzu waqala uhambo lwakhe ezincwadini ezinkulu.

Ubuciko Makarov

Ngo-1929, inkaba yokuqala "Steel Ribs" yanyatheliswa eMoscow. Wanyatheliswa emagazini ethi "U-Young Guard", wabe eshicilela incwadi ehlukile. Ngemva kokushicilelwa, uMakarov wathuthela eMoscow. Nazi izindaba ezibhaliwe:

• 1930 - "Umfana Wokugcina";
• 1933 - "Icala 471";
• 1935 - "U-Firebird", "Stepan, ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokuthula."

Kakade encwadini enkulukazi umlobi we-prose onolwazi uMakarov Ivan Ivanovich wabhala le ndaba:

• 1929 - "Ukuhlasela kwebhungane elimnyama";
• 1930 - 1931 - "Ukuthula Emhlabeni";
• 1931 - 1932 - Ipulazi le-Cossack;
• 1936 - "Hofmaler Nikitka".

Esikhathini saseMoscow, amanoveli adalwe:

• 1929 - "I-Ribs Steel";
• 1933 - 1934 - "I-Black Shawl";
• 1936 - "Misha Kurbatov".

Amanoveli "I-India egazini" nelithi "Uhlelo Olukhulu" alungashicilelwa. Ikusasa lemisebenzi ye "Veksha" ne "Passionate Muscovite" ayiziwa. "I-Blue Fields" yamaRoma yaseMroma Makarov yahlala ingapheli.

Ngo-1928, u-Ivan Makarov wahola igatsha laseRyazan labakwa-Writers 'Association. Ngo-1929, ngenxa yendaba ethi "Ekuphendukeni", wathola umklomelo wencwadi ethi "Pathfinder". Ngo-1930 - ngenxa yendaba ethi umagazini we-Zamolk umklomelo "World Adventures."

Ukuboshwa

In the novel "Misha Kurbatov" Makarov waphambukela iphuzu umbono party. NgoFebruwari 1937, umlobi uMakarov Ivan Ivanovich waboshwa njengenhlangano yokugqugquzela imibono yabalobi bezilwane, ngokusolakala ukuthi umgomo wakhe kwakuwukubulawa kukaStalin.

Esikhathini saseLubianka Makarov eside sihlushwa futhi sihlushwa. Ngaphansi kokuhlukumeza okungenhloso, wavuma enecala. Emashumi eminyaka kamuva kuyomiswa ukuthi kwakungekho uhlambalaza futhi ngeke kube khona. UMakarov wadutshulwa emaphoyiseni eN NKVD ngoJulayi 16, 1937.