UPapa Benedict XVI: biography nezithombe

UBenedict XVI walahla isihlalo sobukhosi - lezi zindaba kungekudala kakhulu zamangala izwe lenkolo, ikakhulukazi amaKatolika. Ukwehliswa kukapapa esihlalweni sobukhosi kwenzeka eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ngokujwayelekile baphumelelana ngokuphathelene nokufa. Isenzo esinjalo esingavamile somuntu ongcwele esixhunywe kuso asithonya kuphela umphakathi wamaKatolika, kodwa futhi abamele ezinye izinkolo, kanye nabezindaba emhlabeni wonke.

Iminyaka Entsha Yopapa

Emzaneni omncane waseMarktl-am-Inn ngehora likaPhasika, umndeni wegendarme wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 16, 1927, uJosef Alois Ratzinger - leli yilo igama langempela uBenedict XVI ayenalo. Wayengumncinyane kunazo zonke emndenini. Lapho umntwana eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, umndeni wathuthela edolobheni lase-Aushau, elisezintabeni zase-Alpine ezibukeke kahle. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, uJosef wayengumfundi we-classic yokuvocavoca edolobheni laseTraunstein. Lesi sikolo wakhetha uyise, ngoba wayengomunye wabasekeli beNational Socialism. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, uJosef ungena enhlanganweni ye-fascist uHitler Youth. Abaningi-mlando abaningi bathi ukujoyina inhlangano ye-fascist ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyisimo esibaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abafana abafinyelela kule minyaka.

Iminyaka yentsha

Imisebenzi kaJosef Alois Ratzinger njengoNgqongqoshe wesonto iqala ngo-1939, ngaleso sikhathi uba ngumfundi we-pre-Seminary. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwenzeka ukuthi angene engxenyeni yentsha yezokuvikela ezilwa nezindiza njengomsizi. Wafunda edolobheni laseMunich eGymnasium Maximilian. Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, uJosef wabhalisa esifundeni sase-Austria. Lo mzuzu ku-biography kaPapa uBenedict XVI awuthandi ukukhumbula. Isevisi empi yayingamfanelanga, futhi ngo-1945 washiya. Le minyaka yayinzima le nsizwa, esebalekele ibutho, yabuyela edolobheni laseTraunstein. Ngaleso sikhathi, indlunkulu yamabutho aseMelika yayisendlini yabazali bayo. UJoseph Ratzinger waboshwa, wabe esethunyelwa ekamu lejele. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, wakhululwa.

Ngo-1946-1951, uJoseph Ratzinger wathola imfundo ephakeme eNational Theological Institute for the specialization "Theology and Philosophy". Ngomnyaka ka-1951, uBenedict 16, ifilimu mayelana nokuthi yikuphi okufakwe kungakaphelidala, wathola i-oda elingcwele. E-Cathedral of Freising, abapristi bakaJoseph Ratzinger baqaliswa uKardinal Michael Faulhaber, owayengumabhishobhi omkhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi ngo-1953, uJoseph Ratzinger wabhala umsebenzi wezinkolo eYunivesithi yaseMunich. Ngenxa yalolu msebenzi, wangena emlandweni waseJalimane njengomfundisi wezepolitiki ongcono wezwe.

Iminyaka ekhulile yoPapa

Ngo-1972, u-Ratzinger wasebenza njengomfundisi wezinkolo esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme saseBonn. Ngo-1966 ungumbono ongcono kunazo zonke emfundisweni yezinkolo eTübingen. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngo-1972, uKalzinger waba omunye wabasunguli bephephandaba elidume kakhulu elithi Communio, ogama lakhe lihumusha ngokuthi "Isidlova". Leli phephandaba lezemfundiso yenkolo namasiko lisatholakala nanamuhla. Entwasahlobo ka-1977, uJoseph Ratzinger wamiswa njengombhishobhi omkhulu waseMunich noFreising. Ngo-June 27, wamiswa iKardinal Pope Paul VI. Ngo-1980, iKhadidiyali yamiswa njengenhloko yoMkhandlu wezindaba zeLungu. Kamuva, uPapa Paul VI wammema ukuba abe yinhloko yeBandla Lemfundo YamaKatolika.

Isevisi eSontweni

Uma uJoseph Ratzinger ethatha lokhu, kungaholela ekuhambeni kwakhe eMnyangweni waseMunich futhi bekuyoba nesidingo sokuthuthela eVatican. Ngakho-ke, uJoseph Ratzinger wenqaba isikhundla esiphakanyisiwe senhloko yeBandla. Ngo-1981, wavuma ukuqokwa kwakhe njengomphathi weBandla leMfundiso yeVatican wabe eseya eVatican. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wenqaba ukuba ngumalusi.

EVatican ngo-1993, uJoseph Ratzinger wamiswa njengombhishobhi waseVelletri-Senyi. Ngo-2000 waba uMbhishobhi wase-Osti. Khona-ke, kusukela ngo-2002, uba ngumfundisi weKholeji lamaCardinal. Ukuba ngumkhadikhadi, ugcwalisa amalungu omkhandlu we-Ecclesia Dei. Ngakho-ke, uye waba yisazi semfundiso yenkolo enkulu eVatican, ngakho-ke imibono yakhe ezindabeni eziphathelene nomphakathi ibonakala iyindawo yeVatican. U-Ratzinger wenza njengomphikisi wokukhipha izisu, ngakho-ke eVatican ayamukeleki.

Imfundo:

Imisebenzi eyenziwe nguBenedict XVI ifakazela ukuthi ungumuntu ofundele kakhulu. Ukhuluma kahle izilimi eziningana: isiJalimane, IsiNgisi, isiNtaliyane, iSpanishi, IsiGreki esiGreki nesiHebheru. UPapa naye wabhala imisebenzi eminingi: "Iqiniso nokubekezela", "UNkulunkulu nokuthula" nabanye. Ungumbhali wencwadi ethi "Isingeniso SokubuKrestu", okwaba ngumthengisi omkhulu emhlabeni wonke.

UPapa uhlukaniswa yi-conservatism yemibono nokucabanga. Ulahla ubuhlobo bobulili obufanayo, imishado efanayo yobulili, isahlukaniso, kanye nokukhwabanisa. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ungumphikisi wesifazane. Ukholelwa ukuthi ubufazi buyangcolisa izisekelo zomshado nomndeni, kanye nokuhlukana phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nobulili obuqinile kanye nabuthakathaka. Imibukiso ye-Conservative ingafundwa ezincwadini zakhe. Kuye uhlola inkambo yokuqokwa kweSonto, futhi akanelisekile ngxube lwezinhlanga ezahlukene ezenzeka kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga, ukholelwa ukuthi isiko lanamuhla liphikisana nenkolo nokuziphatha.

UPapa

UPapa waseJalimane wayebizwa ngePanzerkardinal, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ikhadini-armadillo", uhlukaniswa ukungabekezeleli kwakhe kokukhululeka eSontweni LamaKatolika. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, iJalimane, njengamanye amazwe, yajabula ukuzwa izindaba mayelana nokuqokwa kukaKhadidi Joseph Ratzinger nguPapa. Ngo-Meyi 7, 2005, yena, ngaphezu kombhishobhi waseRoma, wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi besonto laseMoscow. Ngo-2013, uPapa umemezele ukuthi ufuna ukushiya isikhundla, ngenxa yokuthi usekhulile.

UJoseph Ratzinger, njengalabo ababengaphambi kwakhe, uPapa, usekela inkambo kanye nenqubomgomo ekhona, ehlose ukuhlala ngokuthula kweSonto LamaKatolika nezinye izivumelwane. Kanti uPapa uBenedict XVI wayelokhu ekhuluma ngokumelene nokuphikisana nezikhali emhlabeni wonke, evikela izakhamizi.