Umlando elinegazi

manga imali abathintekayo namanje isikhathi eside. manga izindlela ezahlukene: bewukwati ukunciphisa uhlamvu lwemali, ukunciphisa isisindo sabo, noma inkinga segolide noma uhlamvu lwesiliva eyenziwe nezinye izinsimbi camera kuphela ungqimba elincanyana, futhi bonakalise uhlamvu lwemali kwehliswa iphesenti lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu, ingxubevange. Lezi namaqhinga esetshenziswa imikhonyovu olulodwa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi abantu lokuqala stran.No ezahlukene uma imikhonyovu encane ababulawa kodwa ngesihluku anqume bahlukunyezwa ke akukho esiphakeme olusemthethweni nenkosi amakhosi asendulo hhayi bajeziswa. Inkohliso uvele cishe ngasikhathi sinye nge ukuvela imali. Ubufakazi bokuqala aziwayo lokhu - isisekelo sawo esakhiwe ngemabula emzini waseGrisi ka Dima yePeloponnese. On the ipuleti kukhona V sangomhla oqoshiwe. BC. e., ngilandisa eziyisithupha abanamakhono basintshontsha zethusi ukukhiqiza mbumbulu zemali kusukela emzini ethempelini, okuyinto kamuva enikwa isigwebo sokufa. AmaGreki ezibaziweyo imisho enjalo kuphela ezimweni lapho izigebengu wakwazi ukubaleka. Lezi mikhondo benziwa ukuze ukucinga bangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhulumeni owokuqala wathatha sokuthotshiswa. Uma amanzi ongaphakeme zemali electron - i ingxubevange zegolide nezesiliva - esiliva ungeze okuningi kunalokho kwakudingeka ukuthi encishisiwe iphesenti igolide. Kakade VI. BC. e. Ukuba zemali ngegolide nangesiliva enamathela, ukuthi ibe phambili noma ithusi core. Ukwenza minting zemali Polycrates waseSamos (mayelana 540- 522 BCE ...) - engumashiqela owayeneminyaka edume ngobuqili kunaye. ISparta, bamshaya, nayo izi umnikelo lwalezi zinhlamvu. Ngisho odenariyu besiliva, lwemali main okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, ezinsukwini ezinzima baba subaeratnym. Ngesikhathi lapho Hannibal ziqhubeka eRoma Okwesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi (218-201 GG. BC. E.), Uhlamvu lwemali kwehle kusuka 4,55 kuya 3,88 Ngo '87 BC. e. Yasungulwa ngu-ejensi kahulumeni ukulawula izinga zemali ezivezwa esimemezelweni praetor Maria Gratsidiana. Ukuvuselelwa Kwama-mbumbulu babekhona Ephakathi Western Europe. izithombe Plain futhi amagama zemali zazenziwa nge inqubo elula-embossing ukuthi lula kakhulu inqubo VIII poddelki.V. N. e. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-medieval imithetho isimo Frankish ukuthi ajezise abakhwabanisi yezenzo zabo zithathiwe. EJalimane, izigebengu ezifana wathela oncibilikisiwe ukuhola phakathi pharynx, noma liphekwe nokuphekwa ngamanzi ziphila kipyatke.Zakon ingenye. Ingabe yehlelwa ngisho ubulili bubuhle - emzini eLübeck Margaret Grimm oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala ukuze exchange of mbumbulu thaler ambalwa 1456 waphonsa bukhoma emphongolweni abilayo smoloy.Falshivomonetchikov e-UK kuboshelwe nokuzeyisa pole, wadabula emakhaleni akhe nezindlebe. Ngo 1430g. EFrance, osolwa ayenza lezi okungekho emthethweni bomdabu igolide Knights Giyom De Shangrila futhi Fransua De Ron, wabulawa enqabeni yaso bailiffs yenkosi, futhi ingakapheli inyanga azivikele kusukela ukuhlaselwa amasosha kahulumeni. Mbumbulu kwadingeka emasikweni akudala futhi Rusi.Suschestvovali "ukukhanya" penny, pewter noma ithusi "isela" zemali wazise imithombo XVI v.Bez enesisindo ukukhomba "ukukhanya" Izinhlamvu zesiliva isampula ongaphakeme kwaba nzima. Ngo-1611 ensimini ka Novgorod futhi Karelia mbumbulu zemali Swedish Russian wahlanganyela "amasosha." Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu "korelkami mncane" .Ekhulwini XVII., Ngisho naphezu izinhlawulo ezinzima kusebenza abakhwabanisi, eMoscow kwakunokuvungama okuningi tin nethusi "zemali wabaphangi." Ngokuyinhloko, bethengisa e emadolobhaneni yesifundazwe, kungenxa encane Isilawuli kwezezimali oborota.V 1656 Uhulumeni wayefuna penny yethusi, okuyinto wajabulela funa kancane phakathi kwabantu, esikhundleni esiliva. Lokhu kwaba lula kakhulu inqubo yokukhiqiza yemali yomgunyathi. Inhloko Elikhulu Treasury nkosi Ivan Miloslavsky, baphoqwa ukuba kwenziwe izinhlamvu zethusi salo, esiwulwazi ayekulethele Mint kanye breech. Futhi, kukhishelwa amasela kravshih udenga, bahamba vzyatki.Sami abasebenzi Mint, wenza ngasese imali ithusi lalo, esimthwele kufihlwe ukudla. Ngemva ukulawula wokubheka iye some, inkosi yaqala flip ngokusebenzisa kocingo imali ababehamba, noma umane konjane them. Kunoma yikuphi, ngisho abakhwabanisi onekhono kakhulu Single kuhlulekile lidlule izinga umsebenzi isimo, uma kuthathela ukubandakanya falsifikatsiey.Naprimer, ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, a falsification emikhulu ezingelwa nemtsy.Izgotovlyali inkohliso amakhilogremu British izitshalo ezimbili iphepha - omunye ise Czech Sudetenland, nezinye Rhineland. engasakwazi akenzanga lutho ngaphandle ukukhwabanisa okukhulu. AmaNazi baze bafuna ukugcwalisa ngokoqobo umhlaba UK la izikweletu, ulahla nabo kusuka izindiza.