Umklami Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba Petersburg

Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba - sezakhiwo ezinhle kunazo Petersburg. Kungakanani ugqozi, amakhono kanye nomshikashika atshalwe indalo yayo! bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo kuyinto ahehe, ingaphakathi mesmerizing Spire segolide iyabonakala kuzo zonke izingxenye ezithile zedolobha, futhi kusukela emphemeni linikeza ukubukwa emangalisa komuzi. Inspirational wobuciko kungenzeki ngidlule, iyindawo ozithandayo zezivakashi nezakhamuzi zedolobha ku iNeva. Futhi izivakashi eziningi lo mbuzo: "Lo wezakhiwo eyakha Cathedral St-Isaka, - wayengubani?". Sifunda impendulo kulesi sihloko.

Ezemfundo namakhono

Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-Uzalwa Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba akuyona eRussia futhi emadolobheni asemaphethelweni eParis. ebusheni bakhe kwaqondana izimpi kaNapoleon we XVIII ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni XIX eminyaka. Le nsizwa wafunda Royal Academy of Architecture Paris (ngalezo zinsuku yayibizwa ngokuthi Special School of Architecture). Kabili waba uphazamise imfundiso uhambe impi, ukulwa ebuthweni Napoleon e-Italy neJalimane.

Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zingqinamba, umakhi ikusasa Cathedral St U-Isaac wayefuna ukwazi ukufunda kusukela best umsebenzi othandekayo abaculi French kwesikhathi. Phakathi nomkhankaso wempi, wakwazi ukubona izibonelo eziningi yobuciko classical, futhi ngemva umaluju sikaNapoleon - ukuze uthole okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala esijana eParis, lapho wayephatha kulo msebenzi wokwakha.

Nokho, wezakhiwo abanamakhono futhi ohahela isikhundla wayazi ukuthi ababhekene nesimo esibucayi post-yimpi eFrance uyoba ndawo kusebentisa lwati lwabo. Bese udinga ufune indawo ekahle ukugcwaliseka amakhono abo. Bese umakhi ikusasa Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba Petersburg wanquma ukusebenzisa amakhono abo. Kungani kukhona? Inhlokodolobha abasha of the Empire, Russian anizange niswele unendlela ezokwakha kanye ithalente ezidingekayo.

Ukufika e-Russia

Ehlobo lika-1816 i-engumFulentshi ifika Petersburg, lapho amukelwa khona iposi ka draftsman eKomidini phezu Affairs Ukwakhiwa kanye Water Works. Ngenxa yekhono lakhe, ukukhuthala nokuzethemba, washeshe iba yinto entsha ezidingekayo ukusebenza ezimweni entsha. Savvy kanye nekhono ukuzenza bahle abantu abanethonya ukumsiza iphokophele umgomo walo.

Ngokushesha eligoqiwe futhi isenzakalo esijabulisayo: inhloko leKomiti incoma ukuthi lo abanamakhono engumFulentshi uMbusi u-Alexander I njengendlela lobuchwepheshe bakwazi kabusha akuphumelelanga Cathedral kuqala St-Isaka.

UMklami, ngisho nokuba owaziwa, wazungeza nabanye ababezobhapathizwa ngaphandle nobunzima. Wakwazi ekuyigxiliseni phezu kombusi, kokuba ethulwa kamnandi ehlotshisiwe albhamu nge 24 thumbnail sokuqhafaza, ogxile amasonto amahle kakhulu European. Kwakumane kuwukuthi nje into engalingana ngokuvumelanayo ku ukubukeka ngokubabazekayo umuzi iNeva. Ngo-December 1817, ngemva konyaka nesigamu ngemva kokufika kwakhe, amathathu engumFulentshi baba umakhi enkantolo. uyiqala kanjalo umsebenzi omkhulu ecishe ibe amashumi amane - ukuthi singakanani isikhathi Yakhiwa lombhishobhi edumile, esikwaziyo namuhla.

isitayela master

lokusungula yakhe ukuhlanganisa imisinga ezimbili ezinkulu: classicism High (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Empire Russian), kanye eclectic - inhlanganisela yezinto ezivela Amathrendi ezahlukene yezakhiwo. Ngalo mqondo, umklami Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba iyona Innovator isikhathi sakhe. Isikhathi esining impela wasebenzisa izakhi zezakhiwo medieval Gothic ezanikeza ungubani ekhethekile.

Ngo-1840 umakhi uhambo eNgilandi, eFrance, e-Italy neJalimane ukubazi nge izici of umhlobiso ingaphakathi izakhiwo zethempeli. I zathola okuhlangenwe nakho Wawugujelwani iphrojekthi, egcwele brainchild eyinhloko wezakhiwo French.

Qala yokwakhiwa lombhishobhi

Ubunjiniyela umsebenzi lokwakha lwaqala ngo-1818. Ukwakhiwa yadonsa isikhathi eside futhi izikhathi eziningana imiselwe amaphutha amabi e imidwebo. Kodwa sibonga isipiliyoni iqembu elikhulu onjiniyela abanolwazi ukwazi ukubhekana nobunzima.

umphathi Ukwakhiwa bawahlolisisa yonke imininingwane. Idivayisi ehlukile nokuphakamisa izinsimbi, eqinile izintambo ensimbi for isitini futhi itshe - lezi nezinye ubunjiniyela oluseqophelweni izixazululo ngokusebenzisa umakhi ezisencane Cathedral St-Isaka. Petersburg, eyayiyinhloko-dolobha umbuso wangaphambili, a lot of ukunakwa sakhokhwa kabusha lesi sakhiwo. Ngisho ke kwaba sobala ukuthi ayemiselwe ukuba ibe ngomunye amakhadi ngokuvakashela komuzi.

Kokuphothulwa

Esikhathini 1840s zokuqala umsebenzi oyinhloko kwaphela, futhi master bacabangisise umhlobiso ingaphakathi lethempeli. Ngaphakathi lenziwe out ingilazi ibala iwindi ngobukhulu yaseRussia esibonisa Kristu. Umklamo ukuphumula ekuqaleni lwenziwa amafutha, kodwa yasala dengwane yi okusezingeni eliphezulu nomswakama imbangela. Kungenjalo lombhishobhi uphahla nodonga panel, futhi ahlotshiswa 150 izithombe zibekwe inqubo KaMose elinama ekhethekile - smalt. Abaculi belisebenzisa imibala ezingaphezu kuka-12 eziyinkulungwane, nokwenza imifanekiso yobuciko kweqiniso.

I jikelele design mqondo akhiwa umklami Cathedral St-Isaka, kodwa kwabathatha ukudalwa imidwebo yamatshe ingilazi ibala kanye eziqoshiwe abaculi abaningi abanamakhono wesikhathi: Karl Bryullov, N. Pimenov, P. Klodt nabanye abaningi. Esinye sezici ezivelele main lombhishobhi waqala Dome eyayibhalwe, okwakuthatha kg 100 egolide.

Lapho kudalwa lo Petersburg wobuciko kwakubangelwa kubikezela okukhwantabalisayo: lapho kuzophothulwa Cathedral Isaka, umakhi uyafa. Lesi siprofetho sagcwaliseka ngempela ngokunembile: May 30, 1858, leli sonto emisa ngayingcwelisa, futhi ngomhla ka-28 Juni umbhali phrojekthi wafa eneminyaka engu-72.

Akukhona nje Cathedral Sika-Isaka Sokuba

Ukuhlela ukwakheka iminyaka engamashumi amane nanye, wahlala Petersburg, kwadingeka ukwakha hhayi kuphela wobuciko yakhe edumile. Ngo 1832, ngesikhathi Palace Square yakhiwa adalwe iphrojekthi u-Alexander Ikholomu.

Futhi, umakhi French kuqede oda eziningi ngasese. Ngenxa yalesi kulezizinsuku izigodlo mansions enhliziyweni Petersburg bayahlonishwa bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo ngomusa, okuyinto ngokuphelele esifanelana ukuma edolobheni.

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuba igama umuntu onekhono, isihloko lesi sihloko. Umklami Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba - Ogyust Monferran. Siyabonga kuye, eziningi izakhiwo odumile enhlokodolobha enyakatho kukhona ngokufana ncamashí kalula futhi emangalisayo umcabango ukuma.