Umjikelezo dolobha: ifomula esiteji. ukunyakaza capital

Ezikoleni ezihlukahlukene enhloko-dolobha umqondo kwezomnotho ngokuvamile ngokuhunyushwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokusho isebenza Ricardo, leli zwi wawubona ingxenye Umcebo kazwelonke wazama ukwenza. Futhi Marx ngokuthi letitsintsa imali, uma isetshenziswa kahle, ubavumele ukuba kwandiswe inzuzo ambalwa ngokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa.

Umqondo yesimanje ka

Capital akuyona into umuntu noma umkhiqizo, noma izimali, kodwa ukuthi yokugcina, yebo, yena ungakwesokunene esigabeni lapho ayifake ukukhiqizwa ukuze athole inzuzo. Kunjengokungathi ke iwuhlobo ojwayelekile materialization komhiaba, isifunda womnikazi imali ngokushesha, okuhloswe ngalo ukuthola imali ethile. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ngaphansi umqondo jikelele dolobha Kusho konke okungahlala imali. Ngakho-ke, kungase kube yindlela zokukhiqiza, kanye izimpahla kuqedwa, izimali.

inqubo ezijikelezayo

kunyatheliswa dolobha - kuyindlela lapho kufanele kube ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa nokusakazwa izindawo iqinisekisa ukudalwa enaleni ukubaluleka nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha yayo entsha. Ezimweni of ubudlelwano emakethe ukutshalwa wezimali abhekwa kubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho yokuthi bayingxenye imikhakha zokudala. Futhi lena ingxenye efanayo oqhubeka izindleko ayo imali ku umkhiqizo okudalwe ngokugcwele, bese kuze kube sekupheleni Isifunda ngasinye siqhuba wabuyela usomabhizinisi-usozimboni ngokheshi, okuzokwenza ube ingxenye enkulu kunalokho ayekulindele etshaliwe. Kusukela lapho-ke kulandela ukuthi inhlokodolobha ukusebenza ubulokhu kuyoba yezimfuneko zokuhlola ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni inzuzo zokukhiqiza.

inhlokodolobha Circuit: Formula 1 kanye Isinyathelo №

Ngesikhathi ukunyakaza capital liqhubeke izigaba eziningana, ngokuthi izigaba, bese ubuyela ukuma yayo yasekuqaleni. Okungukuthi, ukuthuthuka ekuqaleni ngesimo imali, egcina izigaba ezintathu zokwelashwa.

Iqembu lokuqala kufaka imisebenzi efana: dolobha, okuyinto ku-formula zizomakwa ne D incwadi (imali) wachitha usomabhizinisi, okusho umuntu ukuba izimali, indlela zokukhiqiza (eyabizwa ngokuthi C), nomshikashika (Pc). No-C, Pc kuleli qophelo circuit capital izimpahla ithengwe lenhlangano izinqubo ukukhiqizwa ibhizinisi. Ngenxa yokuthi egijima imisebenzi kufanele asebenze imishini hhayi kuphela, ukuthengwa okuyinto kukhona ingxenye eyinhloko-dolobha, kodwa futhi kudingeka nemisebenzi yabasebenzi eqashiwe ifomula nazo eyabizwa ngokuthi i-lezimpahla - ngenxa ukwabiwa kwezimali eyongamele imiholo yabo.

Isinyathelo 2 №

Ngaphezu kwalokho ifomu dolobha esishintshayo "cash" (D), engena "ithele" (P). Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza kwe-inqubo ukukhiqizwa, kuba ifomu izothandwa kakhulu (T). emphahleni, yebo, zehluke labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe esigabeni sokuqala, kokubili qualitatively (ezicini sangaphandle umkhiqizo okudalwe) kanye quantitatively (ku zokuhlala kanye owenziwe ukusetshenziswa Inani plus isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona-aqukethe). Ngokwesibonelo, owokuqala D-esiteji phezu ingxenye inhlokodolobha yathengwa yemishini yokuthunga, izinto, njll, kanye waqasha umsiki, seamstresses nokunye. Kona. Nokho, ngosuku lwesibili U-isigaba abangu ithungwe amatreksudi. Lesi sibonelo sikhombisa ngokucacile umahluko imikhiqizo esigabeni sokuqala okubangelwa inqubo ukukhiqizwa.

Isinyathelo 3 №

Ngekhulu lesithathu ibhizinisi esiteji dolobha wesifunda futhi engena sphere of kwegazi: usomabhizinisi kuletha emakethe futhi uthengisa ekhiqizwa izimpahla khona, ukuthola kwemali esetshenziswe kuwo nezindleko enaleni ezengeziwe. Umphumela wokugcina ukufakwa kwezimayini ngaphansi izimali siguqulwe kusuka ifomu lezimpahla (T) emuva ku imali (D).

In esigabeni sesithathu ukuhamba dolobha - kuyinto ukudayiswa ukukhiqizwa ezidayiswayo. Ukubuyela emuva igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini nge value added ngesimo imali (D) kusho ukuthi ukunyakaza yayo isiyingi igcwaliswe wafika owaqalwa kwindawo yasekuqaleni. Kuphela manje, lo somabhizinisi kuye kwaba nenani elikhulu kakhulu imali kunalokho okwake. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqala kabusha umjikelezo balo nokusakazwa kwalo dolobha kusukela ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye, futhi ubambe ezigabeni ezintathu ukwelashwa. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuqhubeka inqubo.

embili

Ngakho, kusukela loko lokushiwo nakwetfulwa ngenhla, singabona ukuthi umjikelezo dolobha ufezwa edlulisa izigaba ezintathu umsebenzi sokusebenza. Lapho yesibili, okungukuthi elikhiqizayo, it is ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto obaluleke kakhulu ngoba naye uyisidalwa enaleni value. Indlela ndima serial esigabeni ngasinye ushintsho dolobha kusukela ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye. Empeleni, kuyindaba ukuhamba dolobha ngeke kungagcini wesifunda eyodwa nje, njengoba usomabhizinisi uzobe ukusebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiwe kusho iragela phambili, nge umgomo kuyaqondakala - ukuhlinzeka wena ibhizinisi lakho ezingasho yayiqhubeka ikhula isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona ukubaluleka. A phambili inqubo ukukhiqizwa kungenzeka ukufeza uma inhlokodolobha ngeke ukuhambisa kuphela ohlotsheni eyodwa kuya kwenye, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyoba khona kanyekanye zonke izinhlobo ezintathu.

Ukuqokwa kokusebenza

Amathuluzi ukuthi ukukhonza inqubo yomsebenzi, ngaleyo ndlela abahileleke ngokuqondile ukudalwa imikhiqizo emisha, futhi kule nqubo ye ukudayiswa kwemikhiqizo, ivumela ukuba nombono wokuthi dolobha ezifana ukusebenza. Inhloso Its main - ukuqinisekisa ngokuqhubeka futhi isigqi wesifunda zezimali yokukhiqiza inqubo. izindlela Kutholiwe zokukhiqiza (C) abe negama ezahlukene - ". ibhizinisi inhlokodolobha" Lo mbono ngaye njengomahluleli ongenamizwa C, esikhundleni salokho, ihlukaniswe yaba izinto zomsebenzi abathintekayo ekudalweni imikhiqizo izothandwa namasevisi (Pc), nazo ziba umehluko ukusebenza iqhaza enqubeni ukukhiqizwa.

Umehluko eliyisisekelo

I engavamile kokusebenza ukuthi akunjalo uqede, musa kudle, futhi kusengaphambili izinhlobo ezahlukene izindleko samanje ibhizinisi. Injongo leyo ntuthuko ukudala yokusungula, wayala yezingxenye asele zokukhiqiza ukuze andise inani ukukhiqizwa umkhiqizo osuphelile kanye nenhlangano izimo nakakhulu kangcono ukuqaliswa yayo ngempumelelo.

Ukutshala imali ukusungulwa ukukhiqizwa

Advance kusho ukuthi ukwabiwa kwezimali ukusebenzisa emuva ukukhiqizwa emva kokuphothulwa umjikelezo ngalinye esifundeni lithole yebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa:

1. Ukukhiqiza zokukhiqiza.
2. ukudayiswa kumthengi wayo.
3. Ukuthola yokuthengisa izimali.

Ngamafuphi nje, kungenxa yokuthi imali etholakale ngokudayiswa emphahleni kushintsha ingxenye material ethuthukisiwe, futhi ikakhulukazi, abuyele ke original (D) Inani. Ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi inhlokodolobha ezifana ukusebenza. Singasho kwachazwa ngokuthi ukuqoqwa asebenzisa kule nhlangano, ukusungulwa inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa inkomba amafa kanye nokutshalwa zezimboni zamanje.

ukukhiqizwa inhlokodolobha

Kusho zomsebenzi bakha okuqukethwe eyinhloko impahla sethi emikhiqizo, ezifana omningi ngezezimali, imishini yokusebenza nezinye ukukhiqizwa izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziphathelene kwenqubomgomo ikusasa ibhizinisi ukuze andise inzuzo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukwehlukana inhloko-dolobha ibhizinisi kwayona, ngokuyinhloko, loan, noma ezijikelezayo, kanye njalo noma variable, kuba inqubo njalo ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo, kuphela izinhlobo ezahlukene, ngenxa yokuba in a sigaba esithile, lapho okwamanje siphela phezu kwengungu imali izimali.

kusho zokukhiqiza

Ngu izindlela zokukhiqiza izinto zomsebenzi, kuhlanganise izinto, izinto zokusetshenziswa, izingxenye, imikhiqizo Semi-siphelile nokunye okunjalo. Bonke bangabangasokile ahileleke zokukhiqiza umjikelezo zobuchwepheshe, wahlanganyela ku circuit dolobha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo idliwe ngokuphelele phezu besikhathi elilodwa umbuthano onjalo. Kuchithwe imali ngokushesha siguquke, ukumboza izindleko ophilayo zabasebenzi elikhiqizayo ozosungula emjikelezweni techno-ukukhiqizwa efanayo ezidayiswayo.

nesilinganiso isivinini

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kokuhlaziywa zindlela, echaza wesifunda kanye nokusakazwa dolobha, kuyinto ukucacisa lingakanani ijubane lokuya kwaso. Eyokuqala isivinini nesilinganiso - ukubaluleka isikhawu lapho kosozimali ibuyise njengoba ngenzuzo ukuze kuthuthukiswe kubo wonke isizumbulu semali ngesikhathi esifanayo kunyuke ngo inani inzuzo. Lesi sikhathi isikhawu 1 ithuba.

Eyesibili isici ukusebenza dolobha izinga - inani izicelo eziphambili okunamathiselwe 1 unyaka. Lokhu nesilinganiso lisuselwa lokuqala, ibalwa sokuhlukanisa yonyaka ezingu-12 ngesikhathi, akha elilodwa ithuba.

Ithathwe eceleni ingxenye emelela ukunyakaza capital e umkhakha, abelwe izici ngazinye zezinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya kusho zokukhiqiza futhi impahla uzobe zihambisana ne aphenduka ngejubane elingafani.

Ngokuqondene izindlela zomsebenzi, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo, izakhiwo, imishini, imishini kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza, inkathi wokusebenza ezinjalo ibalwa kusukela kuphele iminyaka zingathengwa izinto amashumi eminyaka. Bayingxenye base impahla kanye lobuchwepheshe wamabhizinisi ezimbonini kanye njalo ahileleke iningi ukukhiqizwa nemijikelezo zobuchwepheshe.

kadokotela okubhekiswe

Ukusebenza dolobha edingekayo ukusekela lemali ukuqinisekisa ukuqondisa lithuthukise nokuphathwa kwemisebenzi ukukhiqizwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele unqume on ekwakhiweni isitshalo, ukuphishekela imigomo amasu.

Ngokwesibonelo, izici ezezimali nezomnotho ukukhiqizwa - kuyinto zezimali zalo, okungukuthi, ukuthi kungenzeka yokusingatha amafa ku imali ukuze axazulule izibopho lokukhokha. okusezingeni eliphezulu ezingeni wakhe ngokwanele nganoma yisiphi ibhizinisi - lena izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuzinza imisebenzi. Ukufa zezimali kungaholela hhayi kuphela izindleko ezengeziwe, kodwa futhi gqwa kokumisa inqubo ukukhiqizwa.

amazinga okuphansi capital esikhundleni ngeke ukwazi ukulondoloza kahle umsebenzi zokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka of impahla ibe yimali, eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inzuzo ongaphakeme. Ukuze inkampani ngayinye liphakeme elilungile lapho inzuzo esiphezulu kungenzeka.

isiphetho

Zonke izigaba lapho inhloko-dolobha, okwenza ukujikeleza kwalo, ezihambelana eduze futhi sincike komunye nomunye. Futhi-ke, esigabeni yesibili ochungechungeni metamorphoses esibucayi kakhulu. Ngenxa kulesigaba kuba ingxenye okudala inqubo, uma umkhiqizo kukhiqizwa futhi lakha igugu entsha. Futhi ngenxa ukuguquka dolobha umkhiqizo ngesimo impahla ke Yinguquko real ngasinye se, njengoba kuqhathaniswa yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo yayo enkundleni 1 no-3, lapho kukhona kuphela ushintsho ifomu eyodwa kwezinye, kodwa akukho ukwanda enhlokodolobha. Lapha kule ukwakhiwa, ukugeleza isiyingi kwezimali kanye imisebenzi ezingumphumela womkhiqizo yakhiwe.