Umgomo wokulwa ne-Ebola virus. Umgomo ovela egazini le-Ebola eRussia

Isifo esingavamile, kodwa esibi kakhulu esongela impilo kuphela, kodwa ukuphila kwabakhileyo e-Afrika nakwamanye amazwe - i- Ebola fever. Lapho igciwane legciwane, umphumela obulalayo ungafinyelela ku-90%. Nakuba kungekho mgomo osemthethweni, ososayensi bayaqhubeka ngalolu daba, nokuthi yini abafika kuyo, sifunda kulesi sihloko. Futhi sizobona izimpawu zalesi fevenda, izinyathelo zokuvimbela futhi, okwamanje, lapho usengalindela ukubukeka kwesidakamizwa ngokumelene negciwane le-Ebola eRussia nasemhlabeni.

Izindlela zokutheleleka

Lesi sifo singathola umuntu ezimweni ezinjalo:

1. Uma bexhumana nomuntu othintekile (kwakukhona uxhumano negazi, izinyembezi, isidoda, umthala).
2. Ososayensi nodokotela bathi ngisho nangemva kokufa komuntu ungatheleleka ngokuxhumana nomzimba wamanzi.
3. Uma ehlangene nesilwane esigulayo, ngokuvamile lezi ziyizinkawu noma amaqhawe.

Lesi sifo sifinyelela emzimbeni ngekhanda elimnyama nelonakalisiwe, lingena egazini, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa (kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-21 isikhathi sokukhushulwa siphelile) siqala ukubonakalisa ukugula.

Isibalo

Umgomo wokulwa negciwane le-Ebola umuthi we-fever, futhi ososayensi basamazama ukwenza isidakamizwa ngokumelene nezifo, kodwa kusencane kakhulu ukukhuluma ngakho, ngoba inguqulo ekahle ayitholakali okwamanje. Kodwa masigxile ezimpawu zalesi sifo, okushiwo kulokhu okulandelayo:

1. Kukhona umkhuhlane, ubuthakathaka, ukubola, ikhanda, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo.
2. Ngemuva kokuba izimpawu zokuqala zivele zengeziwe: ukukhwehlela owomile, colic endaweni yesifuba.
3. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-6 kunezibonakaliso zokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, umsebenzi wesibindi nezinso uphazamiseka.
4. Ukushona okuncane emnyama kungenye isibonakaliso esingenakuqhathaniswa segciwane le-Ebola.
5. Ukuba khona kwegazi emakhaleni nasemlonyeni - lezi zikhombisi ziphakathi kweziguli ezingu-50%.

Ngeshwa, ukufa kwenzeka kakhulu kakade ngosuku lweshumi nane-8 ngenxa yehluleka ukuqeda izintambo kanye ne-cerebral edema.

Indlela yokuzivikela?

Njengoba ukuvikelwa ngokumelene ne-Ebola-vaccine-kungakabikho, kulandela ukuthi izinyathelo ezithile ezihlose ukuvimbela noma ukuqeda lesi sifo azitholakali. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuzivikela wena nomndeni wakho kusuka ekutheleleni okukhona, kepha lokhu kufanele usebenzise la macebiso:

1. Kungcono ukugwema ukuvakashela lawo mazwe lapho kubhaliswe khona lesi sifo.
2. Abantu abasesezindaweni ezinjalo kumele baqaphele ukuhlanzeka kwabo, bangaxhumani nezilwane (okuvame ukutheleleka ezinkomeni nasezintwini), kanye nabantu abagulayo.
3. Kubalulekile ukugqoka imaski ebusweni, izingubo zokugqoka ezinde futhi amagilavu uma umuntu ekhathalela umuntu olimele.
4. Uma izibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula zivela, zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-21 uhambo oluya emazweni ase-Afrika, udinga ngokushesha ukuthola usizo oluvela ochwepheshe, utshele udokotela ngesikhatsi nendawo yokuhlala phesheya, tshela mayelana nokuxhumana okungenzeka nezilwane, abantu abagulayo.

Kuze kukhishwe umgomo, ukuvinjelwa kwalesi sifo esiyingozi kuyindlela kuphela yensindiso.

Imfiva iphathwa kanjani emhlabeni?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukungcola umzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, uketshezi kuzaliswa ngokugcwele noma ngomlomo. Uma kunesidingo esinjalo, ukwesekwa kokuphefumula kanye nokwelashwa kwe-homeostatic kwenziwa ngokwengeziwe. Umgomo wokulwa negciwane le-Ebola awukwenziwanga izinkampani zezokwelapha, ngoba kubo kwakungabi nzuzo ngenxa yemakethe encane yomuthi.

Kodwa-ke, le nkinga yanikelwa ngokucophelela: izinkampani eziningana zaseMelika zathuthukisa lesi sidakamizwa futhi zaqhuba izivivinyo zayo eziphumelelayo ezilwaneni. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenziwe umphakathi ekuqaleni, ngoba iziphathimandla zase-United States zazikholelwa ukuthi leli gciwane lingasetshenziswa njengezikhali eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, uMnyango Wezokuvikela weMelika kanye neNational Institute of Health baqhube ngokuzimela.

Njengamanje, ikhambi le-Ebola fever (umuthi wokugoma, njengoba ochwepheshe bathi) uhlolwe ezilwaneni, futhi uma usebenza ngokuqondile kubantu, usaziwa.

Kungani ungakhulumi ukwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lwegciwane?

Izinkampani zokwelapha azifuni ukwenza izidakamizwa kwabampofu, ngoba izinkampani ezinjalo emakethe ibonakala incane. La mafemu acabange ukuthi umgomo wokulwa negciwane le-Ebola ngeke ulethe inzuzo. Biphikisa izingxabano zabo: ukugqashuka komkhuhlane kubhalwe kuphela ezindaweni ezincane, bese kuthi ngaphakathi e-Afrika. Bakholelwa nokuthi abantu abavela kwamanye amazwekazi ngeke baphathwe yisifo. Futhi-ke, abantu abanegciwane bangabantu abahlala ezingxenyeni ezimbi kakhulu ze-Afrika, okusho ukuthi abakwazi ukukhokhela umuthi omusha wokugoma. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zokwelapha zithola le makethe engenzi lutho. Amabhizinisi amakhulu azolinda ukuthi umkhuhlane ufinyelele kwezinye amazwekazi, usakaze wonke umhlaba. Futhi ukukhuluma lokho abakufunayo akukamukeli: izinkampani zidinga isikhashana lapho inani elanele labathengi abavela eYurophu, eU.SA, e-Australia naseNingizimu Melika bazothola igciwane.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuphuma?

Kodwa indlela yokuvimbela ukungena kwalo mkhuhlane kwamanye amazwekazi, ukuze kungabhubhisi abantu? Manje kudingeka silinde ukwesekwa kwezezimali ezivela emazweni athuthukile noma sithemba ukuthi lezi zizwe ezihamba phambili zomhlaba zizokwazi ukuxoxisana nezinkampani zesikhashana ukukhokhela ukukhiqizwa kwemithi ye-Afrika engakwazi ukuzikhokhela yona, futhi umgomo wokulwa negciwane le-Ebola awutholakali.

Kodwa nokho kukhona ukuthi okungenani ngandlela-thile kusiza abantu abampofu bezwekazi elishisayo. Isikhundla esisebenzayo sithathwe yi-Great Britain, eyabekwa amakhilogremu angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100 ngokuyinhloko kule njongo. Ngalokhu imali, iziphathimandla zezwe zanquma ukuthumela amadoda angama-750, amasosha angaba ngu-1 000, ezokwethula i-Afrika ezosiza usizo labo abahlukunyezwe yi-Ebola.

I-America iphinde isekele izakhamuzi zaleli zwekazi, iziphathimandla zathumela abantu bazo eLiberia. Uhulumeni waseFrance wanquma ukusiza abantu baseGuinea, lapho kukhona nokuqubuka komkhuhlane.

Noma kunjalo, lezi zenzo ziyigugu kuphela, kodwa namanje uphonsa olwandle. Futhi ngenkathi amandla acebile efuna imali ukukhiqiza izidakamizwa kusuka kule fever, abantu base-Afrika bafa phambi kwamehlo ethu.

Ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa eRussia

Ezweni lakithi, futhi, umgomo wokugoma uvela egazini le-Ebola. Ngokusho kukaNgqongqoshe wezeMpilo waseRussia uVerkaka Skvortsova, ngo-2015, uzokwakhiwa iziqondiso zokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezine ezinganqoba igciwane. Umgomo uzokwenziwa kusukela ekuhlosweni "kokubulawa" kwe-Ebola, kanti nezinye ezintathu - zakhiwe ngezakhi zofuzo. Izidakamizwa zizovinjelwa, okungukuthi, "angaphili".

UV. Skvortsova naye wabika izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ososayensi baseRussia bakhetha imithi emisha ebizwa ngokuthi "Triazaverin" ngendlela yama-capsules. Lesi sidakamizwa sisebenza kahle ekubhekaneni nomkhuhlane waseMarburg, okufana nesifo se-Ebola. Ngakho-ke manje lesi sidakamizwa sihlolwe futhi ezinhlobonhlobo zegciwane, esivela emazweni ase-Afrika.

Ngesikhathi sokulinda umuthi eRussia?

Okwamanje, akudingeki ukwesabe, ngoba kwakungekho amanye amacala uma igciwane le-Ebola lingena kuleli zwe. Umgomo waseRussia ungalungele ngo-2016. UMnyango wezeMpilo wezwe wazisa umphakathi mayelana nalokhu. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi sekuzobe sekukhona, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa inombolo yezidingo. Kubalulekile ukuthola izimvume zesicelo sakho kumuntu. Kuze kube manje, kuvivinywa izilingo ezinqandekile, futhi ngokusho kwemiphumela yazo i-dossier izokwenziwa. Ososayensi bahlela ukuthi ngo-March eRussia bazokwazi ukwazisa i-WHO mayelana nokusetshenziswa komuthi wokugoma kubantu. Emva kwalokhu, i- World Health Organization kufanele yenze umphakathi izincomo zayo futhi ibeke izwe lapho isigaba esilandelayo sesifundo sizoqhutshwa khona. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ekhuluma ngokugoma abantu ekuqaleni, ngoba kusekhona okuningi okumele kwenziwe emgwaqweni wokunqoba lo mkhuhlane wase-Afrika.

Amaqiniso ngegciwane le-Ebola

1. Kungani igama elinjalo? Umkhuhlane wathola igama lawo kusuka lapho utholakala kuqala. Umfula we-Ebola ( eRiphabhliki yaseCongo) usekude lapho iphuzu lokuqala libhaliswe khona.

2. Ukuqala kokutheleleka. Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi e-Afrika lesi sifo sisakazeke ezilwaneni, ikakhulukazi, kusukela ezinhlanzi. Abantu basebenzisa inyama eyosiwe kabi futhi ngaleyo ndlela bathola igciwane.

3. I-flash yokuqala. Ngo-1975, kwakukhona icala lesi sifo ngaleli gciwane, futhi kwakuseRiphabhliki yaseCongo. Kwabe sekuthe abantu abangu-318, abangu-280 babo babulawa.

4. Izibalo zamanje. Ngo-Agasti 2014, amacala angu-1779 alolu gciwane abhalisiwe, angu-961 abulawe.

Manje uyazi ukuthi umkhuhlane ufana nobani eNtshonalanga Afrika, futhi uyaqonda ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani kubantu. Umgomo wokulwa negciwane le-Ebola lakhiwa amazwe amaningana, kuhlanganise neRussia, kodwa kuze kube manje usuhlolwe ezilwaneni. Futhi ukuthi imfiva ayifinyeleli izakhamuzi zamanye amazwekazi, umphakathi womhlaba udinga "ukuvuka" futhi uqonde ukuthi lesi sifo singakwazi kanjani ukungenelela kunoma yiliphi izwe. Ngenkathi kungekho mithi elwa nalesi sifo, ngakho-ke ihlala igcine ukugcina izinyathelo zokuvimbela kuphela ukuze ungenwe igciwane le-Ebola.