Ama-organic biomechanics

Imithetho yokunyakaza kwemishini ezinkambisweni zokuphila ihlolwe yisayensi ebizwa ngokuthi i-body biomechanics. Uhlola izinhlelo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho umuntu elandisa khona. Njalo ukunyakaza komuntu kulalela imithetho yemvelo yemvelo. Kodwa i-biomechanics iyisayensi eyinkimbinkimbi kunomshini ohlola imizimba engaphili. Phela, ukulawula ukunyakaza komzimba kwenziwa ngomsebenzi ohlangene walezi zingxenye kanye nezitho zomuntu njengama-skeleton, imisipha, izixhobo zokugqoka, kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.

Biomechanics and Medicine

I-biomechanics yomzimba emithini yokwelapha ihlolisisa izinhlelo ezinjalo ezibalulekile njengamadivaysi e-musculoskeletal, ne-ne-vestibular. Balondoloza ukulinganisela komuntu, banikeze isimo somzimba esiningi kunawo wonke emazweni ahlukene, njengokuthula, ukuhamba, ukuphakamisa amandla adonsela phansi, ukugoba, ukuhlala, ukuma, indawo yokulala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le sayensi ihlolisisa ukusebenzisana kwemizamo yabantu ngesikhathi kusebenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. I-biomechanics emzimbeni omuhle ekusebenzeni kusho isimo esifanele somzimba womuntu wonke usuku lonke. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula engozini ye-biomechanics efanele, hhayi nje lapho kwenzeka khona ubuhlungu, khona-ke izinkinga zezempilo zizoncishiswa kakhulu.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-biomechanics ne-ergonomics

Ezokwelapha, i-biomechanics yomzimba ihlala endaweni ekhethekile. I-Ergonomics nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Le sayensi isebenza ngokutadisha ukuhamba kwezimpahla, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezingezona eziphilayo. I-Ergonomics ikhumbula izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile: umsebenzi owenziwa, isiguli ngokwakhe, imvelo, inhlangano yomsebenzi, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nomuntu osebenza ngokuqondile. Yonke imingcele kufanele ifanele futhi ihlolwe. Lo msebenzi ubhekwa njengokubulawa kwe-ergonomically, lapho zonke izici ezingenhla zihlolwa, izinga lokubeka ingozi lichazwe futhi liyancishiswa ngendlela yokuthi ukusebenza komsebenzi okhethiwe kube ngcono kakhulu. Eziklinikweni zezokwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina imithetho ye-biomechanics yomzimba kanye ne-ergonomics. Khona-ke noma yikuphi ukunyakaza nokunyakaza kwesiguli noma izinto ezihlukahlukene ezingapheli ngezandla kuzoba okulula, okusebenzayo nokuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kungani isisebenzi sezempilo sidinga ulwazi lwe-biomechanics yomzimba?

Kuzo zonke izikhungo zezokwelapha, abasebenzi ngezikhathi ezithile banakekela iziguli ezigula kakhulu. Lo msebenzi uvame ukuholela eqinisweni lokuthi umzimba uthintwa yizici ezithile ezimbi. Ngokuyinhloko, abasebenzi bezempilo bayathinteka ngemisebenzi enamandla engokomzimba ehlobene nokuthutha kweziguli. Uma ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesiguli isisebenzi esibhedlela singamthandi ngokwemithetho, singabangela ukulimala komgogodla noma ukubukeka kobuhlungu emuva. Ukulungisa ama-biomechanics emzimbeni womhlengikazi kuzovimbela ukuvela kwezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngomgogodla womhlengikazi kanye nesiguli. Ukuze uqinisekise isikhundla esiphezulu somzimba, kufanele ulandele imithetho ethile. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhambisa isiguli, udinga ukubona ezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Umhlengikazi kufanele azi:

• Kungani udinga ukuhambisa isiguli;
• Kuphi isimo sempilo yena okwamanje;
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezinsizakalo zokusiza ezihambayo;
• Uma abantu abaningana behilelekile ekuthuthweni kwesiguli, kubalulekile ukukhomba phakathi kwabo umholi ozosinika iqembu.

Yini ebalulekile ukuyikhumbula ngaphambi kokuhambisa isiguli?

Okokuqala, isiguli kufanele sibe endaweni ephephile futhi ekhululekile. Izisebenzi zesikhungo sezokwelapha kufanele zithathe isikhundla lapho ibhalansi izobe ibhekwe ngokuphathelene nesisindo sesiguli kanye nokuqondiswa kokuhamba kwakhe. Ukusebenzisa isisindo sakho somzimba kuzosiza ukukhulula ukucindezeleka. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuphakanyiswa, abasebenzi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi imilenze yabo isendaweni ezinzile. Okulandelayo, udinga ukusondela isiguli ngokuseduze ngangokunokwenzeka, ugcine ngqo umhlane wakho. Bonke abasebenzi kumele benze ukunyakaza ngesigqi esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi yiyiphi yabasebenzi abathintekayo abazokwenza umsebenzi onzima kunabo bonke, okungukuthi, ukugcina izintambo kanye nesiguli sesiguli. Uma isiguli sikhuliswa ngaphandle kwezinsiza ezisizayo, bonke abasebenzi kufanele babambe izandla ngokuqinile. Kungcono ukubambelela esihlokweni somuntu osebenzisana naye kunokuba kube neminwe yakhe, khona-ke izandla aziyikuyeka, ngisho noma zimanzi.

Indlela yokuphakamisa izisindo?

Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa umthwalo osindayo, kubalulekile ukuthi ubeke izinyawo kahle. Kumele kube kude namamentimitha amathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kulolu cala, ukuma okukodwa kumele kuqhutshwe kancane. Lesi simo semilenze ikuvumela ukuba uzuze ukusekelwa okuhle futhi unciphise ingozi yokulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ukuwa. I-biomechanics yomzimba womhlengikazi lapho ukhulisa isiguli kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa isiguli, udade udinga ukuthatha isikhundla eduze kwakhe ukuze kungabi nesidingo sokuzonda phambili. Inqubo yokubuyiselwa idinga ukuqapha okuphelele engxenyeni yesisebenzi sezempilo. Lapho ekhulisa isiguli, umhlengikazi kufanele amcindezele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nale nqubo kuphela amadolo aphelile, futhi i-trunk ihlala endaweni ecacile. Umhlengikazi akufanele enze noma yikuphi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe noma okungenandaba, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni okuhlukahlukene kwesiguli.

Biomechanics endaweni ehlezi

Ukuze usakaze ngokulinganayo isisindo somzimba, futhi unciphise umthwalo engezansi emuva, udinga ukwazi imithetho ye-biomechanics endaweni yokuhlala. Amaqhubu kufanele abe ngaphezu kwezintambo. Ingemuva idinga ukuqondiswa, nemisipha yomzimba - ukucindezeleka. Kulesi simo amahlombe adinga ukuqondiswa futhi abekwa ngokulinganisa ezinqulwini. Uma udinga ukujika, kuzomele usebenzise wonke umzimba, hhayi nje esifubeni sakho nasemagxeni. Ngokuvamile abahlengikazi kufanele bahlale futhi bavule izihlalo zabo ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha isihlalo esifanele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlala ngemuva kwesitulo. Amatshumi amabili kwezintathu ubude bamathanga omuntu kufanele atholakale esihlalweni. Uma ukuphakama nokujula kwesiteji somsebenzi kungalingani kahle, lo muntu uzobhekana nokucindezeleka uma ethinta phansi ngokuyeka. Uma ngabe isihlalo asifanelekile isisebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuba siyishintshe noma sisebenzise amadivaysi ahlukahlukene, njengamapulangwe noma izinyawo.

Biomechanics esimweni sokuma

I-biomechanics elungile yomzimba esimweni sokuma idinga ulwazi lwemithetho eminingana ebalulekile. Okokuqala, umuntu udinga ukuphumula ngamadolo ukunyakaza mahhala kwamajoyina. Izinyawo kufanele zibe ngobubanzi bamahlombe. Umzimba kufanele ubanjwe ngokuqondile, ucindezele imisipha yamaphephandaba nezintambo. Inhloko ayikwazi ukuguqulwa, ngoba isikhunta kufanele sibe sezindiza ezinqamule (ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthwalo esiqongweni se-lumbar). Ibhande elinamahlombe kufanele lifakwe endizeni efanayo enezinyopho. Uma umuntu edinga ukuphendula, izinyawo kufanele ziqale kuqala, futhi kuphela umzimba wonke. Ngesinye isenzakalo kufanele umuntu aqale ukuphenduka kusukela okhalweni.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zesiguli

I-biomechanics yomzimba wesiguli ixhomeke esimweni ahlala ngaso ngokuqondene nombhede. Isikhundla sesiguli sithathwa njengento esebenzayo uma engakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo futhi kalula, azikhonze futhi athathe noma yisiphi isikhundla esikahle. Lesi simo sibonakala kumuntu onenkambo encane yesifo. Ngesimo esinqunyiwe, isiguli asikwazi ukuhamba ngenkuthalo. Isizathu salesi simo singaba nolwazi olucindezelwe, ubuthi, ubuthakathaka, njll. Ngakho-ke, isiguli sidinga usizo lwabasebenzi bezokwelapha, ngoba akakwazi ukuhamba njalo ngokuzimela. Isikhundla sokuphoqeleka umuntu ohlala kulolu cala lapho efuna ukunciphisa isimo esibi. Ngokwesibonelo, khipha ukukhwehlela, unciphise ukuphefumula noma ubuhlungu. Lesi sikhundla sesiguli sivame ukuvuvukala okujulile kwendlela yokugaya, i-pleurisy noma ukuchofoza. Okokuqala, umhlengikazi kufanele anqume ukuthi yisiphi isimo isiguli esithatha ngokuqondene nombhede wakhe, bese usebenzisa imithetho efanele ye-biomechanics.

Isiguli asikwazi ukungabi nalutho - yini engingayenza?

Uma isiguli sisesimweni esingenakulinganiswa, ama-biomechanics adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuye. Isimo somzimba wesiguli kufanele sihlolwe njalo ngabasebenzi. Umhlengikazi kumele azi ukuthi isiguli asikwazi ukushintsha isikhundla sakhe sodwa futhi sidinga usizo kubasebenzi. Abantu abagulayo bathatha isimo esinzima kangaka, bebeka engozini yokuphulwa emisebenzini yezitho eziningi, izinhlelo, imisebenzi ye-musculoskeletal. Ukulala okungenzeka kunokwenzeka (izinguquko zesikhumba esilonda ulwelative), izivumelwano ezihlangene (imikhawulo emide ukuhamba), kanye nokuchitha imisipha (ukucwiliswa kwemisipha yomzimba). Ngokubeka isiguli, umhlengikazi kufanele amnike izikhundla ezisebenzayo ezifaka endaweni yomzimba womzimba wonke, ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezingase zihlotshaniswe nokungahambi isikhathi eside. Ukusebenzisa imithetho eyisisekelo ye-biomechanics, umhlengikazi uzosiza isiguli sigweme ukulimala okuhlukahlukene komgogodla noma ukuthuthukisa izifo ezengeziwe.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokunyakaza kwesiguli esiphelele

Okokuqala, umhlengikazi kufanele ahlole lezi zinto ezilandelayo: ukuhamba kwesiguli, amandla akhe emisipha, ukusabela kulokho akuzwayo. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuphakamisa umbhede ukuze ukusebenza nesiguli kungcono kunazo zonke izinhlangothi zombili. Futhi, susa zonke izinto ezingaphezulu (imithwalo, izingubozi) ezingaphazamisa ukunyakaza. Uma kunesidingo, udinga ukubiza usizo kumhlengikazi, omunye umhlengikazi noma udokotela. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi nesiguli, kuyadingeka ukumchazela incazelo yenqubo ezayo yokutholisa umuntu nokubambisana kwakhe. Ukulala kumele kunikezwe isikhundla esinqunyiwe futhi silungise. Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka, umhlengikazi usebenza ngeglavu. I-biomechanics yomzimba kumele ibonwe, ngakho-ke umhlengikazi kumele ahlole ukufaneleka komzimba wesiguli. Ingemuva yesiguli kufanele ibe sesikhundleni esiphambili. Zonke izinhlobo ze-curvatures noma ukucindezeleka zifakiwe. Futhi, umhlengikazi udinga ukuthola ukuthi isiguli siyakhululekile yini esikhundleni sakhe.

Okubalulekile kwe-Biomechanics

Ukugcina umzimba ngesimo sokuma, akufanele ulahlekelwe ibhalansi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukugwema izinto ezifana nezingozi njengokuwela, ukulimala noma ukucindezeleka ngokweqile emgodleni. Ukugcina isikhundla esimisiwe somzimba, kubalulekile ukucacisa isilinganiso sezinto ezimbili: isikhungo sokuvuthwa komuntu nendawo yokusekela. Ezikhundleni ezihlukene, isikhungo sokugwedla amandla sishintsha ngokufanele. Ukwazi isihloko ezifana ne-biomechanics yomzimba womuntu kuzosiza ukuhlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nesidingo sokunyakaza, ukugwema ukuwa nokulimala.