UMengameli we-Afghan uKarzai Hamid: Biography

Omunye wabantu bezombusazwe abadume kakhulu e-Afghanistan, yiqiniso, uHamid Karzai. Le ndoda idume ngokuba ngumengameli wokuqala okhethwe ngokukhululekile emlandweni wezwe lakhe. U-Hamid Karzai, onombono wakhe wezombangazwe ohlaselwa yizinsuku eziningi, naphezu kwakho konke, uye waqhubeka ehlala ezweni lakhe eliqotho.

Ubani uKarzai?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-Afghanistan iye yabhekana nezinselelo eziningi zempi, ukungenelela kanye nokuzibandakanya ensimini yayo. U-Hamid Karzai, isithombe sakhe esizovela encwadini yethu, wabamba iqhaza empini ebusheni bakhe, evikela indawo yase-Afghanistan.

Ngemuva kokuthola lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwezempi okubabayo futhi engamkhohlwa, ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengomongameli, wazama ukuvimbela impi yesibili futhi avikele ubukhosi bukahulumeni nganoma iyiphi indlela engenzeka. Uzibiza ngokuthi i-pacifist eqinisekisiwe futhi ukholelwa ukuthi akukho nhlobo engasombulwa ngokusizwa ibutho lempi.

UHamid Karzai: ngubani osesidlangalaleni, ulwazi oluncane lwama-biographical

Lo muntu ungumdabu wase-Afghan, wazalwa emhlabeni futhi wayengowomndeni wasePastun ohloniphekile noPapolzai. U-Hamid Karzai, owazalwa ngoDisemba 24, 1957, wazalwa esifundeni esincane sase-Afghanistan saseKandahar. Wakhulela edolobhaneni elincane laseKurtz, kodwa kusukela ebuntwaneni wayenomqondo wazo zonke izinqubo zezombusazwe ezenzeka ezweni lakubo.

Ngenxa yokuqwashisa okunjalo kwezombangazwe, uKarzai Hamid wayekhokhelwe uyise - u-Abdul Karzai. Le ndoda yayiyilungu lephalamende lase-Afghanistan futhi lanikeza lonke usizo olungenakwenzeka kulowo owayengenkosi. Kwaphela isikhathi esithile ePhalamende waze wabamba isikhundla se-vice-speaker. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyise kaKarzayi wayeyinhloko yenkomo yabantu abaphethe kakhulu uPopolzai, owayenethonya elikhulu enjongweni yezwe. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imibono yezombangazwe kaHamid yayiyinhloko ngenxa yethonya likayise.

Imfundo yamukelwe

Esiklasini lokuqala, uKarzai Hamid waya eKandahar. Ngemva kwesikhashana umndeni womfana waphoqeleka ukuba ashintshe indawo yokuhlala abuye athuthe eKabul. Yilapho eyaphumelela khona eHabibia High School. Labo ababejwayelene naye esikoleni, khumbula ukuthi umfana wayefunda kahle ngempumelelo. Wabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu emfundisweni yaseDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Wayethanda izincwadi futhi wakhetha imisebenzi kaDickens, Chekhov noDostoevsky. Kodwa kwakulula kakhulu umfundi ukuba anikwe isayensi yemvelo, ikakhulukazi imakhemikhali, ayithandayo kakhulu. Ngenxa yokoma kwakhe okungaqondakali kokufunda nolwazi, le nsizwa yafunda izilimi ezingu-5, kufaka phakathi isiFulentshi nesiNgisi esifanele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, enikeza ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yakhe yezombusazwe, uKarzai uzobizwa ngokuthi umholi wase-Afghan owaziwa kakhulu.

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole, uHamid Karzai, ozoxoxa ngaye ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko, wanquma ukuqhubeka nokufunda kwakhe futhi athole imfundo ephakeme. Ukuze avunyelwe, wakhethwa i-Indian University Himachal, eyayiseSimla. Ukuthonywa nguyise, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nokuqhubeka nokuthanda kwakhe, okwakhiwe kakade ngaleso sikhathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uHamid wayefuna ukufunda isayensi yezombangazwe. Wabuye waphumelela eyunivesithi ngokuphumelelayo futhi wathola i-master degree kwisayensi yezombangazwe.

Ukubamba iqhaza empi yeSoviet-Afghan

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole eHamid ehlala ePakistan, futhi lapho wayebanjwa yizindaba mayelana nokuqala kwempi yeSoviet-Afghan. Umsombuluko osemusha waqala ukunikeza usizo lwezezimali ku-mujahideen futhi wabeka izinto zokuzivikela. Kuthiwa ukuthi yilokho eyathola khona ubudlelwane nohulumeni wase-US no-intelligence waseBrithani. Ngaphandle kokusiza ngezinto ezibonakalayo, uHamid wathatha iqhaza ngokuqondile ekuvikeleni insimu yezwe lakhe. Lapho ebuyela e-Afghanistan, wayala amasosha ahlangene.

Izindaba zihlobene namaTaliban

Ngemva kokuba amabutho aseSoviet asuka e-Afghanistan, uKarzai waba ilungu lephiko elilinganiselwe lokumelana ne-Afghan. Kwase kuyisikhathi eside, wayehamba kahle namaTaliban, ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi yibo kuphela abangakwazi ukuletha izwe ezweni lase-Afghanistan.

Amalungu aseTaliban aphinde akhombise ukwethembeka futhi kanye, ekuthunjeni iKabul, waze wamnikela ukuba abe ummeleli we-UN. UHamid wenqabe lokho, futhi ngokufika kuka-Osama bin Laden isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokuqondene nenhlangano sesiphelile kahle. UHamid Karzai waqaphela ukuthi uma nje le nhlangano ikhona, ngeke kube nokuphela kwempi yombango ezweni lakhe.

Ukuqashelwa okudumile nokusebenza okusemthethweni

Ngo-2001, uKarzai wabamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni okwenziwa amaMelika ukukhulula iKandahar evela eTaliban. Ngo-2002, i-UN, ecabangela inkinga yase-Afghan, yanquma ukusungula uhulumeni wesikhashana, uHamid wamenywa ukuba ayohola. Lesi siphakamiso samukelwa kubo.

Uhulumeni wase-Afghanistan uHamid Karzai uhola ngokusemthethweni izwe ngo-2004. Ngesikhathi sokhetho lokuqala lomongameli wamahhala emlandweni wezwe, abantu, bekhathele ukuxabana okuqhubekayo nempi yombango, banikeze amavoti angu-55 kulowo muntu.

Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yayo yezombusazwe kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Abasekeli bakhe bathi ngesikhathi sokubusa kweKarzai Afghanistan empeleni kufinyelele impumelelo ekuthuthukiseni imfundo nokuvuselelwa kwezomnotho. Abaphikisi bathi lezi zimpumelelo azihlanganisi kuphela imiphumela yemizamo yomongameli oyedwa. Abahlaziyi abaningi bezombusazwe bathi empeleni iKarzai Hamid yayinamandla kuphela eKabul. Ngaphandle kwaleli dolobha, empeleni wayengenalo.

Naphezu kwemibono ehlukahlukene, ukuhlola umsebenzi kaKarzai, umuntu akanakunaki isimo esinzima e-Afghanistan. Lo muntu wazama ukuthuthukisa isimo ezweni lakhe ngangokunokwenzeka, kanye nemithombo ayenazo. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, i-Afghanistan ngempela yaba yintando yeningi ngokwengeziwe. Isibonelo, uKarzai, okokuqala ngqa emlandweni we-Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, wafaka abesifazane abaningana kuhulumeni wesifundazwe, okwakungenasisekelo kuleli zwe.

Isu lezombangazwe

Uma sicabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wezombusazwe walesi sibalo wawunjani, abaningi bammangalela ngokuthembela kuhulumeni waseMelika. Iningi labaphikisi lalivame ukuhlambalaza uKarzai ngokuthi, ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumengameli okhethiwe, wamenyezelwa futhi wabekwa njengenhloko yombuso wesikhashana ngqungquthela ekhethekile ye-UN, eyayikuphela kwe-Afghanistan ngo-2001.

Abahlaziyi bezombusazwe basuke benomkhuba wokukholelwa ukuthi iKarzai, ekuqapheliseni isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-Afghanistan, yayifuna kuphela izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zezwe lakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2002, ekhuluma eTokyo enkomfeni yokuvuselela i-Afghanistan, wakwazi ukuthola ukunikezwa kwezwe lakhe ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine.

Ngenxa yobulungiswa, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi, njengoba esebe yinhloko yombuso, uHamid akazange avumele ukwethula e-Afghanistan umzila wokusekela ngokugcwele izinqubomgomo zamazwe aseNtshonalanga. Kwakunjalo ne-United States, eyathumela amabutho ayo ensimini yezwe. Ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yenqubomgomo yakithi yasekhaya, uHamid Karzai wayejabulela ukwesekwa kwabantu abavamile, okwesaba kwabo mayelana nokuza kwamandla "obhekene ne-pro-American" kwasala ize.

Ukuthanda izwe lakhe ngobuqotho, wabonisa ngo-2008, lapho ebeka ngokusobala imisebenzi yama-anti-terrorist eyenziwa ngabaseMelika endaweni yase-Afghan. UCarzai Hamid wenza ngokuphindaphindiwe isitatimende ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokumisa labo abahlukumezekile phakathi kwabantu, okuyinto ebonakala njalo ngenxa yomsebenzi waseMelika "wokugcina ukuthula".

Phinda ukhetho

Ngonyaka ka-2009, okhethweni olusha lwaluqhutshwa e-Afghanistan. U-Karzai Hamid uphinde wakhethwa umongameli, futhi ngoNovemba 19, 2009, wathatha isifungo sesibili. Ukukhethwa kwakuhambisana nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene, ukuhleka nokuhlambalaza. Ngemuva kokuqala kokuqala, uKarzai usolwa ngokuqamba amanga. Umphikisi wakhe oyinhloko, u-Abdullah Abdullah, wenqaba ukubamba iqhaza kulo mdlalo wesibili, njengoba lokhu kubhekwe njengomdlalo olahlekile. Kube nokukhuluma okuningi mayelana nokuthi uKarzai Hamid uzothola noma kunjalo, njengoba abaseMelika bayomsiza kulokhu nganoma yikuphi ukubiza.

Ngonyaka owodwa, ngo-2010, kwakukhona isimo lapho abaningi babuye babangela ukungabaza ngokuthi "ukungahambisani nokungenamthetho eMelika" Karzai. I-New York Times yanyathelisa umbiko ovulekile wokuthi umengameli wase-Afghan wathola imali enkulu evela kuhulumeni wase-Iran. U-Karzai Hamid akazange aphike leli qiniso futhi wathi uyajabula futhi uyothatha imali ekuthuthukiseni izwe lakhe kuwo wonke amazwe "anobungane", esuka eMelika kuya e-Iran.

Ukuhamba komongameli

Ngo-2014, lo wesilisa washiya ngokuzithandela ukuba ashiye emsebenzini, ngemuva kokubamba isikhundla sikaMengameli iminyaka engaba ngu-12. Abantu abaningi bathi lokhu kuyiqiniso ukuthi iKarzai yaqonda kangcono kunanoma ubani omunye isimo esingenathemba se-Afghanistan. Umnotho waleli zwe unqotshwa yiminyaka yezimpi zomphakathi, iningi labantu lihlala eduze kokucela, futhi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwezimali zase-US kuleli zwe kungasho ukuwa. Kodwa wonke umuntu osizungezile uyaqonda ukuthi "usizo olubonakalayo lomnumzane" luyindlela "yokukhokha" yase-US yokuthumela izizinda zayo zasempizweni ensimini ye-Afghanistan.

UHamid Karzai wakwenza kucacile ukuthi le nkinga yayingagcinizwe neTaliban, i-United States ayikwazanga ukubuyisela umyalelo othembisiwe, kodwa ngeke ihoxise ezindaweni zase-Afghan. Angifuni ukuthatha umthwalo wokubambisana ne-US futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo engazimisele ukumphazamisa, uHamid Karzai wakhetha ukuhlala emsebenzini ngesithunzi.