Ukuvimbela ukudla okunobuthi kanye ubuthi

ubuthi Ukudla khulumela elithi collective, ngoba ingabangela ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lwegciwane ukubonakaliswa negative, libhekene ukuvuvukala emathunjini nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ngaye, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukudakwa jikelele umzimba. Ake sibone, sinombono yini ukuthuthukisa isimo sokugembula, kanye ukuthola okubandakanya nokuvimbela ukudla okunobuthi.

ngezigaba

Amaqembu athile abahlukene ukudla okunobuthi:

1. umsuka Microbial - sokugembula izimo ukuthuthukisa ngenxa kokudla ukudla kuthintwa amagciwane ukudla nomsebenzi isikhunta.
2. umsuka Non-microbial - ukuze izitshalo ezinobuthi, izilwane, ubuthi, yizici zamakhemikhali.

Ngu iqembu ahlukene ahlanganisa lobuthi zenzeka ekuphenduleni ukudla, lapho kukhona nenqwaba bukhoma, nezilwanyana ezincane asebenzayo sokugembula. Emiphumeleni elimazayo amagciwane okwenzeka kulolu hlobo ubuthi incike uhlobo nezilwanyana ezincane ekhona kanye ubuthi ukuthi ivelele ngenxa kwaba sekufeni kwabo.

Mshini yentuthuko ukudla okunobuthi

Lapho ukucinana ubuthi emzimbeni ngokuyinhloko ezithinta nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kwamathumbu nasesiswini. Nezicubu eba ukusabela ukuvuvukala, okuholela ukwehla umsebenzi amasistimu ngenhla. Ngenxa yalokhu ezakhiwe ubuhlungu esiswini. Kamuva ukuza nesifiso sokufuna ukuhlanza, ubuthakathaka, uhudo.

Ngaphandle ezivimbayo futhi waqalwa usizo lokuqala for ukudla okunobuthi, ubuthi baqale ukungena emgudwini wegazi. Zikhona izimpawu zokudakwa jikelele, okuyinto livezwa imfiva, ukuhlaselwa okukhulu ikhanda, ishayela ngokushesha.

symptomatology

Kuye lwegciwane ukudla okunobuthi, isikhathi asithathayo ukumuncwa ubuthi egazini, kungase kube kusuka amahora ambalwa Ngemizuzwana. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umuntu uqala ukuzizwa ukungakhululeki, isicanucanu. Ezinganeni, uphawu olucacile ukudla okunobuthi ukuthuthukiswa sohudo acute, esibonakala by nesifiso sokufuna njalo, imali ezinkulu sohudo lwamanzi, ngezinye izikhathi nge ukungcola igazi.

Uma kungekho izinyathelo ukudla okunobuthi zokuvimbela, umzimba womuntu uhlushwa ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni Benziwe. elisebenza ngayo kuqala wenza omiswe emlonyeni, ekwakhekeni ezifakwa olumhlophe phezu ulimi. Konke lokhu esikhathini esizayo kungase kuhambisane Ukudlikizela futhi emikhawulweni abandayo.

Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa isimo sokugembula iphazamiseke esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ngokukhethekile, is sanciphisa kangcono blood pressure, tachycardia livela. Irisidi ngokuchichima ezinobuthi egazini kubangela izinso, isibindi. Ingabe zathiya ngu ubuthi futhi isimiso sezinzwa.

Amagciwane Common webhaktheriya ukudla okunobuthi

Ukudakwa angagcina ku isizinda ukutheleleka wokugaya ukudla okulandelayo eziphilayo sokugembula:

1. Clostridium - bacterium akha ezinhlamvu e angcolile, inhlabathi. uhlobo lwe Kwethulwa microorganism zingase inyama yenkukhu eluhlaza nezilwane ezifuywayo.
2. Proteus - igciwane induku emise, okuyinto amaseli zikhona amanzi nomhlabathi. Ikakhulu kuthinta imikhiqizo inyama imvelaphi.
3. Klebsiella - sokugembula silwanyana ezinhlamvu zazo imali enhlabathini, uthuli, namanzi. Kungaba ufake umzimba ngokusebenzisa non-ukuhambisana inhlanzeko, yokuhlanza ukungadli izithelo nemifino ngaphambi kokudla kwabo. I-bacterium ayakwazi ukuqhubeka ephila isikhathi eside, kwezimo zendawo ezimbi, ukwakha capsule zokuzivikela.
4. Salmonella - igciwane pathogenic ukuthi esandisa amaprotheni izakhiwo.
5. Aureus - igciwane sokugembula okuyinto agent causative yenombolo izifo ezisukela meningitis, sepsis, endocarditis, ukushaqeka ezinobuthi futhi aliqede. zizalela Active kwenzeka emikhiqizweni kungcoliswe yobisi.

Kulokhu, zokuvimbela ukudla okunobuthi okuhilela nokugeza izandla ngaphambi kokudla kanye nemikhiqizo eqoqwe in the imibhede. Ukucekela ezinhlamvu zama-bacterium ngenhla futhi likuvumela abilayo.

Ubuthi amaprotheni ukudla

The main causative ejenti lapha kukhona induku emise amagciwane - salmonella. On amagobolondo amaqanda kanye eluhlaza inyama umzimba sokugembula iyakwazi ukuhlala asebenzayo kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-24, futhi ngo-amaprotheni amaqanda - enyakeni 1. Lapho ukugcina umkhiqizo amabhaktheriya efrijini hhayi kuphela ukusinda, kodwa futhi ngenkuthalo okusakazwa.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukudla okunoshevu Kulokhu ehilela ukubila ukudla engase ibe yingozi. Killed Salmonella ne okwandisa ambient isikhala lokushisa 70 ° ^C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magciwane amaqanda ukuchayeka ngokwanele ezishisayo for 5-10 imizuzu. Enye into - okuqukethwe kwegciwane inyama eluhlaza mkhulu. Kulokhu, zokuvimbela ukudla okunobuthi zidinga abilayo umkhiqizo amahora ambalwa.

Izimpawu ubuthi be-salmonella:

• cramping abukhali ubuhlungu inkaba ;
• Ukukhetha ogqamile lwamanzi indle;
• ukubuyisa.

Ushevu imikhiqizo confectionery

Uma uwuphuza angcolile. confectionery ukudakwa kwenzeka ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo womsebenzi staphylococcal. An ekahle yokuzalela umhlabathi amagciwane asebenzayo advocate ukhilimu amnandi esekelwe ubisi. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ukuthuthukiswa nezilwanyana ezincane kuba enterotoxin ukuthi ngisho ngokuqukethwe umxhwele musa ukushintsha iphunga noma ukunambitheka kokudla.

Ukuvimbela ukudla okunobuthi lapha kudingeka uhlole okungapheli imikhiqizo confectionery, bazilahla ukusetshenziswa amaswidi endala. Kulokhu, ukuphathwa ukushisa imikhiqizo ukudla kuphuma isixazululo kahle ngoba coli aureus ongakwazi ukumelana namazinga okubanda sezingeni eliphezulu - kuze kube ^{cishe ngo-100-C} - kungakapheli amahora ambalwa.

Ushevu imikhiqizo inhlanzi

Uma umphumela ukuvakasha nesigaxa sushi ukhonza isicanucanu, ukucobeka, amajaqamba lesisu, sibonisa ukuthi ubuthi inhlanzi okunobuthi Proteuses noma Escherichia coli. Lezi nezilwanyana ezincane ukuthuthukisa e izinhlanzi eluhlaza uma hhayi egcinwe kahle, ukwehluleka ukuhambisana ejwayelekile kwenhlanzeko.

Nokho, izinhlanzi kungabangela ubuthi noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngokwaso inyama kungaba zibe nobuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ikakhulukazi, ingozi lokudakwa uthela edla inhlanzi ebanjwe ngenkathi zidala.

Kwezinye izimo ubuthi kungenzeka ngefomu acute komzimba nezinto. Imfuneko ukuthuthukiswa izimo ezinjalo sikhetha ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo inhlanzi, equkethe inala omunye ezinkulu causative agents of yokungezwani komzimba - histamine.

Ukuvimbela ukudla okunobuthi kanye nezifo emathunjini e ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo izinhlanzi lokhu kudinga ukulungiselela ngokungashwampuluzi lokulungiselela kwayo, izinga ukwelashwa ukushisa. Endabeni komzimba kufanele uthathe imithi ezifanele ( "Cetirizine", "Suprastin").

Ukuvimbela ukudla non-microbial ubuthi kudinga ukubhekelwa ngokuthi ukukhethwa imikhiqizo. Kufanele agweme ukudla inhlanzi oyibonile ukuvuvukala umzimba, izikali obletanie, amehlo esilufifi.

Ukuze abalekele inkinga ukugcina izinhlanzi ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ephakeme kuka-1 ^° C akudingekile kukhishwe umkhiqizo kusuka imbala isikhathi eside, ngaphandle ohlela ukupheka ngokushesha. Ngemva incibilikiswa izinhlanzi ngokushesha yona. izindwangu zawo ziyisikhumbuzo enhle kakhulu yokuzalela umhlabathi kwamagciwane ayingozi.

mushroom poisoning

Uma sikhuluma amacala lokudakwa ne ubuthi Lokudabuka isitshalo, ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo lapha ingenye yezindawo ehola. Ngo izikhala yasekhaya ikhula mayelana 70 zilwane ngazinye isikhunta, angaba ngu-20 okuyizinto abangela ukufa. Apogee ubuthi anobuthi akhawunti abo kuze kuphele isikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni May kuze kube sekupheleni November. Manje ngokuthi inkathi amakhowe.

Eqinisweni, ngisho wazibonela amakhowe pickers lapho sina ukudla okunobuthi, ukutheleleka. Prevention lapha idinga ukwenqaba ukuthenga Lokudabuka ezingabazisayo amakhowe ezimakethe zemvelo. Nokuzibona inhlangano yabantwana ekucwaningeni kuwufanele ukukhokhela kuphela izinhlobo okwandile ezidliwayo. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga, ngaphambi kokudla amakhowe kufanele okubeka ukuba olunzulu, okuqhubekayo ukwelashwa ukushisa.

botulism

Botulism igciwane sina wokugaya ukudla. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa esifanele kufika pretty masinyane ebulalayo. Kubangela ukuthuthukiswa sifo engena emzimbeni kanye ushevu botulinum imikhiqizo ukudla eliphansi. Ezimweni eziningi, imbangela isimo sokugembula khulumela ukusetshenziswa amathini.

Ukubonakaliswa main ukudla okunobuthi izenzo zikhubazeke eziqhubekayo isimiso sezinzwa. Ehamba ukuthuthukiswa zokuphefumula ukucindezeleka isifo, kahle ukugwinya isenzo, Ukuwohloka abukhali umbono, kahle imoto umsebenzi nasemilenzeni.

Injani ekuvimbeleni izifo? ubuthi Ukudla plan kudinga nokuqikelela ukuba ukusetshenziswa nokongiwa ubudala, inhlanzi, inyama, livalelwe emabhange.

Ukwelapha

Lapho izimpawu ukudla okunobuthi lokuqala kufanele ngokushesha enze lavage esiswini. Ungasebenzisa i isixazululo aqueous potassium permanganate. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, kutuswa ukuba baphuze 4-5 izinkomishi amanzi abilisiwe ke ntombazane ukuhlanza ngu abakucasulayo empandeni ulimi umunwe. Inqubo kufanele liphindwe kuze kube isikhathi lapho ketshezi engenayo kucacile kusukela esiswini. Yokukhululeka esiswini ukuba ahlanze ushevu okuqukethwe ongaqeda ngempumelelo ukudla okunoshevu izingane. Ukuvimbela ezifana isifo uthi kungumsebenzi ematheni abadala.

izincomo Jikelele

Ukuvimbela ukudla okunobuthi kanye ubuthi sisonke eqala okulandelayo:

1. Ukunqatshwa ukusetshenziswa izinga ezingabazisayo kanye freshness imikhiqizo ukudla, impilo eshalofini usezofika ekupheleni.
2. Thenga kuphela imikhiqizo certified ukuthi aphumelela ekuhlolweni sanitary-epidemiological. Ikakhulukazi zilalele sokuvivinya umzimba ukuthengwa imikhiqizo yobisi, inhlanzi, inyama, inyama ngibhema, ngoba imikhiqizo enjalo ngokuvamile aqukethe pathogenic amagciwane ezinhlamvu.
3. Ukuhambisana lokushisa nemibandela esebenza ukulungiswa ukudla okuluhlaza.
4. Ukuphuca imikhiqizo ehlukene ezindaweni ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, imifino eluhlaza kanye inyama kufanele uthathe amabhodi ezahlukene. Imikhiqizo ibekwe etafuleni udinga ukuba ukuze ningathinti nomunye.
5. ukuwasha Hand futhi tableware ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ukwedlulisela ukupheka izitsha ezithile.
6. Bilisa amanzi okuphuza uma kukhona ukungabi nethemba nokuphepha yayo empilweni.
7. ukwelashwa Thermal futhi elwa namagciwane izitsha kanye Cutlery emva ukusetshenziswa ngamunye, kanye hashaza zokugcina ngamanzi abandayo.
8. Okuphindaphindayo isobho abilayo phambi esilandelayo.

Ekuphetheni

Lapha sahlola izimbangela ukudla okunobuthi. Prevention lapha kudinga kuphela umkhosi okulula imithetho olwamukelwa kwenhlanzeko, qikelela ukuthi ukukhetha ukudla, ukupheka izithako ezifanele zokudla ngazinye, gwema ukudla isikhathi.