Ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe umhlaba wokulima. umthetho Federal ku inzuzo ngokugcwele komhlaba wezolimo

umhlaba wokulima we Russian Federation engaphandle zokuhlala. Zitholakala semisebenzi s / s nokusebenza umsebenzi ehambisana nakho. Esesizokuhlola umbuso kwezomthetho umhlaba wokulima.

Uhlolojikelele

Izinhlobo yezolimo ezweni imithombo, yakha wodwana. Lezi zihlanganisa izindawo engcono ezibhekwa impahla yezwe. I s / s imisebenzi, benza nje kuphela isikhala-yokusebenza isisekelo, kodwa futhi njengoba isici esiyinhloko zokukhiqiza. Kule ndaba, yakha umbuso ekhethekile zomthetho umhlaba wokulima. UMthetho Federal №101 ichaza nemisebenzi ejensi wombuso ukuqinisekisa ukulawula isimo kulezi zindawo, imisebenzi abantu waxhumana imisebenzi / yezolimo, okukhuthaza ekuthuthukiseni izinga inhlabathi.

umhlaba wokulima: ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe

Ucezu oyinhloko umthetho elawula ukusebenza emkhakheni izinsiza kubhekwa HCC. Ikhodi likhona welithi "isigaba komhlaba." Kuhlanganisa:

• Lokubuyiselwa komhlaba.
• Insimu esiqiwini.
• Land ne / x uya khona.
• Amanzi futhi Ihlathi Isikhwama.
• umhlaba zokuzijabulisa.
• izindawo Industrial.

Ikhodi nakho kunqunywa uhlobo ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe komhlaba ngezinhloso zezolimo. indawo isigaba leliniketwe ngokuhambisana nezinjongo irisidi yayo. Namuhla, amasayithi zitholwa, njengoba umthetho, ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo. I LC sisungula lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ngokugcwele komhlaba wezolimo:

• Ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokukhiqiza kanye nemisebenzi / wezolimo.
• Ukwakha umlimi ongumlimi noma siqu ingxenye-x-wa.
• Ukuze nengadi noma ukulima benethuba ukwakha indlu yangasese.
• Ukuze ukwakhiwa dacha.

Kulokhu, kuye ngokuthi injongo iziza ukuthola izenzo noma ukuthi umbuso kwezomthetho umhlaba wokulima. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-isakhiwo suburban ekwakhiweni isakhiwo ibhaliswe. Uma umgomo ozibekele wona nokugcinwa ukusebenza engadini, noma ingadi, ngeke ibhaliswe ku ukwakhiwa.

esibalulekile

Izakhamuzi eziningi abazi ukuthi asikho isidingo ukuze uthumele ezweni isigaba eyodwa kuya kwenye ukudala emzaneni zwe. Kulokhu, lwanele ukusungula olunye uhlobo ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe komhlaba ngezinhloso zezolimo. Ngenxa yalokho, emzaneni izokwakhiwa nge ikhono kamuva ukubhalisa yokuhlala yabo. Kumele wathi ukuthi ushintsho ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe komhlaba wezolimo - inqubo oluphakeme okhandlayo. Ixhumeke nge isidingo ukuqoqa eziningi imibhalo, ukufeza ubambisene izikhungo ezahlukene. Nokho, le nqubo ushibhile futhi kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi ukuhumushela olimini lwesi esinye isigaba.

ngokucacile

Inqubo Ushintsha uhlobo ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe isayithi nge "lokukhiqiza / v" ku "yokwakha yezwe" kukhona komkhawulo abalulekile ukuthi abanye abanikazi iziza musa acabangele. Ngaphansi mithetho zamanje, insimu elinikezwayo yokuziphatha ingadi, ukwakhiwa izwe, nengadi kuphela izakhamuzi noma izinhlangano okungezona zokuhweba. Lesi sakamuva, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa umthengi ama cooperatives, izinhlangano, yinhlangano engenzi-nzuzo ngokubambisana. Land, uhlobo ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe of esimelela "ukwakhiwa dacha", "yesondlo ingadi / ukulima", asikwazi esabelwe izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, uma wahlanganyela emsebenzini ebhizinisi imvelo uhlupho olukhulu kuhulumeni. Lezi izinhlangano kwezohwebo, ngokukhethekile, babandakanya izinkampani okuhlangene isitokwe, Ltd. nezinye izinkampani. Kwezingane komhlaba wezolimo noma izindawo ngaphakathi kubo, uma isikhathi ukwakhiwa izintambo zikagesi, endleleni, zokuxhumana imigqa (umugqa futhi ikhebula izindawo kanye), igesi, uwoyela nezinye yamapayipi, kufanele kwenziwe khona iphrojekthi ku kulungiswa yokusongela ezifana izidingo s / s ngaphandle ewayisa kwenye okuhlinzekwe izimiso mkhakha. Lokhu imibhalo kumelwe zigunyazwe ogunyaziwe izakhiwo ezikhethekile.

isizinda normative

Imihlobo oshiwo ngenhla zifakwe Ukwahlukanisa ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe komhlaba ngezinhloso zezolimo. Lo mbhalo iyadingeka ukuba wazise iKomiti ku Resources futhi indawo isakhiwo, cadastre kanye nokubhaliswa emakamelweni ezindaweni ezihlobene Holdings akhawunti kanye nokubhaliswa ukuthengiselana nabo.

izikhonzi

Umbuso zomthetho komhlaba wezolimo Kubandakanya ukukhonjwa abantu abangakwazi sidluliselwe noma kuleyo nsimu. Lezi zindaba zibandakanya:

• Abalimi (umlimi) aphethe Islands.
• Izakhamizi abaye wadala ngazinye itoho epulazini uhlobo, ingadi, ukulima, ukunakekela izilwane.
• umphakathi Cossack.
• izinhlangano Economic nokubambisana, ama cooperatives, amabhizinisi ebumbeneko (kamasipala kanye nesimo), kanye nezinye izinhlangano kwezohwebo.
• Okungenzi inzuzo umphakathi, kuhlanganise zenkolo, kanye izinhlangano umthengi.
• Ukuqeqeshwa, umshayeli ukuqeqeshwa ukukhiqizwa, ukuqeqeshwa-abanolwazi amayunithi nezikhungo zesayensi kanye ezemfundo, okuyinto ukuqeqesha ongoti emkhakheni ne / x imisebenzi ezikhungweni zemfundo.

Amalungelo ku umhlaba wokulima futhi imiphakathi abantu encane yomdabu DV, North, eSiberia, ngokuba ukugcinwa nokuthuthukiswa bendabuko ukudoba yokuphila.

Izici ngokugcwele komhlaba wezolimo

Basuke ilungiswe Art. 79 ZK. Emadlelweni, emazweni yifusi, hayfields, umhlabathi olimekayo, ezindaweni elalihlala izivini, amasimu ezithelo nezinye izitshalo zisetshenziswa, ayingxenye umhlaba wokulima. Lezi zindawo zingaphansi ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile njengoba udaba kuqala emisebenzini s / s. Kukhona futhi indawo okuyigugu ngokukhethekile. Lezi zihlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, zihlanganisa insimu futhi wazibonela ukukhiqizwa amayunithi ngesikhathi izinhlangano zocwaningo, amagatsha zemfundo kanye yokulinga izikhungo zemfundo nakwamanye amazwe. Uma ukubaluleka kwabo cadastral ingaphezulu kuka for emzini wesifunda / endaweni kamasipala, bangase zifakwe yokwakheka komhlaba wezolimo, ukuxhashazwa okuyinto enye inhloso akuvunyelwe.

Ukuhlinzekwa komhlaba

Le nqubo kulawulwa zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Agricultural Land Ukuthengiselana". Kulesi kanye neminye imithetho neziqondiso owasungulwa ngendlela ethile lezingxenye. Ngakho, Art. 81 Ikhodi Land ulawula izindawo inqubo yokudlulisela ukuze ukuziphatha umlimi (ongumlimi) noma amakhaya osizayo Eziqhingini uhlamvu ngabanye. Lesi sihloko kusebenza uma kwenzeka ukuthi uhlobo ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe komhlaba wezolimo kuchazwa ngokuthi "ukwakhiwa dacha" noma "ingadi yesondlo / ukulima". Phakathi kwemithetho elawula inqubo, kufanele kuphawulwe:

• ZK.
• FZ "Ngo umlimi (ongumlimi) nemindeni-ve".
• FZ "Ngo ingadi, ingadi, suburban engenzi-nzuzo inhlangano nezombuso. '
• Imithetho yezihloko lizwe, eshicilelwe emkhakheni kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, kanye nezinye iziqondiso.

UMthetho Federal №101

Umthetho kahulumeni "Ngo Agricultural Land Ukuthengiselana" ulawula ubudlelwane ekubhekaneni anawo, nokuthola, ukusebenzisa komhlaba. Regulation bahlanganise izingqinamba nezinto ezicatshangwayo ukuthi singasetshenziswa ukuthengiselana nalaba izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhleleka yefa, sebenzisa nokulahlwa ukwabelana Holdings. isenzo esisemthethweni osebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunqunywa uhlobo ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe komhlaba ngezinhloso zezolimo.

ukwabiwa kabusha komhlaba Isikhwama

Kumiswa It is ngaphansi Art. 80 ZK. Inhloso yalesi sikhwama yilezi:

• Ukusabalalisa kabusha komhlaba imisebenzi yezolimo ukukhiqizwa.
• Ukwakhiwa kanye ukunwetshwa emakhaya osizayo Islands, okuqondene isakhamuzi.
• Buciko umlimi (ongumlimi) amapulazi ukusebenza ukunwebeka umhlaba.
• Ukwenza ingadi, ukulima, ziklabe, haying.

amathuba zomthetho

umhlaba wokulima akahulumeni noma umasipala zidluliselwa izakhamuzi kuphela ngendlela sivunyiwe. Lesi sikhundla isethwe lento. 10 zoMthetho Federal №101. Ngakho, isihloko, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola umhlaba ukuze iqashwe, futhi lapho efeza ukusebenza kwawo okufanele, hambisa zingase zithole ubunikazi bayo. Ingase futhi ungenele ukuqasha entsha. Ukudluliswa ngokwenelisayo izindawo zolimo, e / ubunikazi isimo kamasipala uvunyelwe:

• izinhlangano zenkolo.
• izikhungo zocwaningo.
• izinhlangano Cossack.
• Imiphakathi lezizwe encane zabomdabu Ekude, eSiberia naseMpumalanga North okwesikhathi / v ukukhiqizwa, ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa okwenza kwamasikho ukulima, obuciko yokuphila.
• Izakhamizi yenziwe amadlelo emfuyo, haying.
• izikhungo zemfundo iphrofayela wezolimo.

Kulezi zimo, izindawo kuvumelekile ukuba kudlule kuphela ukuze iqashwe. Redemption yalezi wesakhiwo impahla akuvunyelwe.

ezizathwini

Umthetho uhlinzekela ukudluliswa komhlaba, elise impahla kamasipala futhi anikezwe maqondana ukwabelana, ukulima (ongumlimi) emapulazini, noma s / s we inhlangano eqhuba ke, ukukhokhela indawo yokuhlala noma impahla ngaphandle ukubhida ukuncintisana. Kuze kube yimanje, lezi zinkampani kufanele zisebenze kutiphatsimandla letifanele lwendawo isicelo sesiphelo sesimiso isivumelwano noma isivumelwano sokuthenga. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ngosuku lokubhalisa kobunikazi umasipala kule sayithi. Intengo isabelo esinjalo ke enqunywe isamba esingeqile ku-15%, imali yokuqasha yakhuphuka yaba - akukho kuka 0.3% yenani cadastral.

Ukuhoxiswa iziza

Kwezincwadi ezweni evela kumnikazi, ukuqedwa kwesokudla of obuphakade (unomphela) ukusetshenziswa, ngofuzo (impilo yonke) ubunikazi esiphuthumayo ukusetshenziswa oludlulele, kanye ukuqasha ngokuhambisana Civil Code, Ikhodi Land futhi uMthetho Federal №101. Ayimpoqo ukuhoxiswa isabelo tingentiwa enkantolo, uma:

1. Ukusebenza ingxenye wenza ayephuli nezimfuneko ezithile umthetho ngoba ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba, okwaphumela ukuncipha okuphawulekayo izinga inhlabathi kutshalwa noma Ukuwohloka isimo emvelweni of medium.
2. Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu noma ngaphezulu, elandelanayo, kusukela ekuqaleni ubunikazi isabelo ke akwenziwa ne / x umsebenzi, noma eminye imisebenzi ephathelene nayo.

Esimeni sesibili, ukubala leligama hhayi kucatshangelwe isikhathi lapho kungasetshenziswa ingxenye cha, noma ngezinye izizathu, okwenza ukusebenza engenakwenzeka ngenxa inhlekelele kanye isikhathi esidingekile sokuthuthukiswa eseduze (eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-2). Ayimpoqo ukuhoxiswa indawo ngezizathu eshiwo ngenhla kungenzeka, uma amaqiniso ayisisekelo awazange iqedwe ngemva ekuphathweni lwezijeziso zokuphatha ezifanele.

WokuLawula imisebenzi yezolimo

Ukuvundisa umhlaba wokulima Kungenzeka kalula phansi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo we izitshalo emoyeni, izakhi, ukushisa, amanzi, physico-zamakhemikhali imvelo yemvelo, ukuqinisekisa umkhiqizo wabo. afeze izinyathelo ezifanele ameliorative ukulondoloza izinga eyanele enhlabathini. ukuqaliswa yabo ulawulwa ezingeni zomthetho. Izinjongo ukulawulwa normative lomcimbi wukuqinisekisa kabusha izinga inhlabathi ukuqaliswa yezihloko imisebenzi ezindaweni s / s.

imisebenzi

Yokutholwa Law, elawula kabusha ukuvundisa umhlaba wokulima, inikeza:

• Conservation kanye ngcono izinga inhlabathi.
• Ukudala isimo ukusetshenziswa esiphezulu ezingaba zemvelo kanye nezomnotho futhi umsebenzi wezolimo.
• Ngcono ukukhiqiza of ezindaweni bese isimo sazo semvelo.
• Irisidi ukudla izinga lalolo.
• Ukuthuthukisa izimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho ezindaweni zasemakhaya.

Lokhu isiqondiso inikeza, ngendlela lokulawula ubudlelwane ezingavela phakathi kwabasebenzisi, abanikazi nabanye, kuhlanganise ama-ejenti kamasipala / uhulumeni, ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi inhlabathi yalezi zindawo ezikunika kutshalwa. Izinhlinzeko idokhumenti esungulwe inqubo, imisebenzi, namalungelo, izibopho, amandla yezihloko, ubunjalo emisebenzini, ezizathwini kanye ukulinganiselwa sokufunwa umsebenzi emhlabathini. Umthetho ulawula ubudlelwano kanye nemisebenzi kungukuthi kulawulwa LC nezinye izenzo normative yezwe emkhakheni bemvelo.

umsebenzi izifundo

Abasebenzisi, abanikazi, abanikazi bezindawo, umhlaba abaqashi unga:

• Ukuze afeze agronomic, umhlaba sokufunwa, agrochemical, ukulawula ukuguguleka komhlabathi, izinyathelo phytosanitary eliqondiswe kabusha ensimini ka ukukhiqiza.
• Eba Imininingwane umthetho emizimbeni ogunyaziwe amandla esiphezulu izinga kwenhlabathi emasimini awo, kanye nolwazi mayelana nokuhlukana yayo.
• Faka isicelo zikahulumeni, iziphathimandla zendawo kanye nezinye izinhlangano i-MO izitatimende, izikhalazo, iziphakamiso eziphathelene nezindaba inhlabathi okuzala, aziswe nezimpendulo ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Qeqesha namanye amalungelo uma ekusetshenzisweni kwazo akusho kungqubuzana normative isimo nawesifunda amathuluzi.

yemfanelo sabantu

Abanikazi, abaqashi, abasebenzisi, abanikazi indawo, babe isimo abakhiqizi wahlanganyela emsebenzini wezolimo kufanele:

1. Ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ngezindlela ngokusebenzisa eyayiqinisekisa kulondolozwe nokukhiqizwa insimu ka ukukhiqiza. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kumele inciphise noma ngokuphelele ngaphandle ithonya elibi umsebenzi ezimbonini emvelweni. Le mfuneko is, phakathi kokunye, ukunweba ukukhululwa izimpahla ngesisekelo ubufakazi-based alternation cultivars e ukujikeleza.
2. Ukuze afeze ukuthuthukiswa ukutshala izinhlelo engxenyeni isilungisiwe. Kumele ngesisekelo kwezomnotho nesayensi futhi ahlinzeke ukukhululwa lokukhiqiza / wezolimo ngenkathi sigcina inhlabathi ukukhiqiza ezindaweni ezisebenza.
3. Thuthukisa amabalazwe zobuchwepheshe isekelwe ohlelweni elakhiwe wezolimo.
4. Gcwalisa Cord Imininingwane bhuku ku kwezitshalo Amasimu.
5. Yenza sokufunwa, agrochemical, phytosanitary, Agro, anti-ukuguguleka izinyathelo, ngokuvumelana nendlela. Kulokhu, kufanele ihlonishwe imithetho, iziqondiso, iziqondiso, izindinganiso yizinhlangano ezikhethekile.
6. Nikeza ogunyaziwe legislatively Imininingwane inkonzo executive izinga isimo inhlabathi yalezi zindawo ezisebenza kwenjongo wezolimo.
7. Ukuze bayisize ukusebenzisa isilawuli nokuhlolwa izinyathelo emkhakheni nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
8. Yazisa ogunyaziwe ezikhethekile esiphezulu takhiwo amaqiniso kwenhlabathi ku umhlaba wokulima, inhlabathi ukungcoliswa ezindaweni ukuthi kukhona ukusetshenziswa noma ubunikazi, kanye komngcele ezindaweni esizakala ngawo.
9. Yenza eminye imisebenzi lokuvela iziqondiso.

isiphetho

umhlaba wokulima kuyinto izisetshenziswa ezibalulekile ikakhulukazi engokwemvelo isimo. Okwamanje, obaluleke ngokukhethekile eseke umbuzo mayelana ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo izindawo nakhelwe c / ukukhiqiza kwezolimo kanye neminye imisebenzi ehambisana nakho. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izwe nezinye izinto zemvelo, zikhona eziningi limited. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, siwulimi angumtfombo imikhiqizo umsoco. Ukongiwa kanye nokubuyiselwa inhlabathi okuzala kumele kwenziwe imisebenzi efanele. Nokho, ukuze ifeze isidingo sabo kahle futhi ngokuphumelelayo. Lokunye lokubaluleke ngalokulinganako ukongiwa komhlaba izinsiza kanye nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kuyinto ukulawula izindawo kushushunjiswa.