Ukulungiselela yenzalo amazambane zokutshala. Ulungiselela nezilimo eziyizigaxa yokutshala amazambane. Lungiselela amazambane yokutshala entwasahlobo, lapho ukuze uthole ku ukuhluma?

A isivuno esihle ekwindla, ungathola kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukukhethwa efanele yenziwe amazambane nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nokulungiselela yokutshala entwasahlobo. Lapho akhiphe ku ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu nezilimo eziyizigaxa zewayini, kuncike indlela kulungiselelwa nokutshala yabo usuku. Ukutshala impahla kufanele iphathwe ngokucophelela. Lena imithetho jikelele ukutshala kwanoma yisiphi isitshalo. Isikhathi emsebenzini wokulungiselela nge nezilimo eziyizigaxa zonke wensimu ekhetha. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa ekuhlungeni kanye nokwelashwa amazambane lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako entwasahlobo noma ekwindla (ngesikhathi sokuvuna). Ingabe kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa izitshalo enempilo kuphela. Bush kumele kube inkathazo-free, futhi uhlelo impande yawo - aqukethe eningi nezilimo eziyizigaxa.

Ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala amazambane: nezilimo eziyizigaxa Ukukhetha lwasentwasahlobo kusho

Okokuqala udinga ukuba afeze ukukhethwa lokutshala ezibonakalayo. Isisindo Kunconywa amazambane ukuthi abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa, ezisukela 30 kuya ku-100 amagremu. Ochwepheshe ngokushesha ukuqeda nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezibukeka okungenampilo sibe i ijamo okungajwayelekile. Nge Ukukhetha self-eliyifa kufanele sinake izici ezilandelayo indaba, okwenza kube engafanele zokutshala:

- phansi ingxenye isitshalo umxhwele nematode;
- kusukela tuber nephunga ezingemnandi futhi ingeyona engokwemvelo;
- nezilimo eziyizigaxa ixazululwe uqweqwe.

Kuwufanele benaka yokuthi amazambane alinyazwa izinto ezivela ngento ebukhali, kodwa hhayi ehlaselwe isifo, awunankinga zokutshala. Cuts kuvame ziphathwe isixazululo fungicide. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga material yokutshala kufanele kube hhayi ngaphansi kuka-85%.

division of nezilimo eziyizigaxa

Emva Ukukhetha sokuqala senziwa zokutshala impahla, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlunga ngemacembu eziningana. Ukuze uqale, tfola ubuye unike eceleni embondelene nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu (enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angaphezu 80 amagremu). Kumiswa iqembu wesibili kusukela ubukhulu isilinganiso amazambane (enesisindo 50 kuya ku-80 grams). Ngenxa yalokho, kumelwe sihlale nje impahla encane zokutshala sakhiwa amazambane amancane for 30-50 amagremu.

ukuhlunga

Ukuze kokwehla ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa iqembu phakathi nezilimo eziyizigaxa ihlelwa. Ukuze sokuvuna, ungasebenzisa ingxenye encane amazambane ezincane nezinkulu ngonyaka ozayo. Abalimi abanolwazi hhayi Kunconywa ukuba uhlanganise nezilimo eziyizigaxa zangaphambi ihlelwa. Isizathu itholakala lokuthi ukuthi nezihlahla luyokhula Ukuboshelwa, futhi izitshalo namandla ukucindezela eduze.

Lesi sigaba nezilimo eziyizigaxa kumele kwenziwe ukuze bagweme izinkinga ngokunakekela eyalandela ngenxa ekutshaleni. Le ndlela iqeda ukuhluma engalingani. Izitshalo uzoba ezilinganayo ngobukhulu luyokhula ngendlela efanayo.

nezilimo eziyizigaxa Ukuvuselela Uhlaza Lwehlathi

Ngemva kokuhlephula impahla zokutshala ngamaqembu amathathu ezinkulu usungaqala ukulungiselela imbewu amazambane zokutshala. Ifanele ukutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa kuphela amahlumela, ngakho udinga ukuba afeze engadini yabo. I amazambane ezibekwe ikamelo abandayo okuqhubekayo Ukushisa imodi. Amazinga Kunconywa akufanele kube ngezansi degrees 10 Celsius. Kodwa kufanele kube qiniseka ukuthi izinga lokushisa akazange abonise amanani ngenhla degrees 12. Ikamelo for engadini kufanele kahle umoya futhi ube umoya omncane.

Isimo esiyinhloko engadini yimpumelelo - kukhona Ubuningi obanele yokukhanya. Ekubona lokhu umthetho kuphela, kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele umbala wazifunela ukufika nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ekukhanyeni, amazambane luhlaza. Ukuqedela le nqubo Kufanele kuthathe izinsuku ezingu-30. Shintsha umbala wakho nezilimo eziyizigaxa ayisekho ofanele ukuba zidliwe umuntu, kodwa mahle zokutshala. Ukutshala zincwadi namaBhayibheli kudinga ukuqapha gqwa. Kuyadingeka ukuze ujike njalo nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukuze amazambane ngokulinganayo oluhlaza.

Kukhethwa esitsheni ingadi

Njengoba amathangi isitoreji ingasetshenziswa nezipakupaku esobala. abatshali Abaningi ingashintshwa nezilimo eziyizigaxa uhlaza emabhokisini kusukela amakhekhe emasakeni ezivamile noma polyethylene. Ochwepheshe bezifo, lokhu kwehlisa kakhulu sokulungiselela lokutshala ezibonakalayo. Ncoma ukwenza e izikhwama zepulasitiki izimbobo ezincane eziningana ukugcwalisa ivolumu khulula nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu, uyithekeleze emikhawulweni isikhwama. Khona-ke udinga nokunciphisa iphakethe bese uyithumela phakathi ikamelo cool. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ukukhanya okwanele.

Ukulungiselela yenzalo amazambane ukutshala ngokuthi ukutshala ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi vernalization ekukhanyeni. Kodwa kukhona ezinye izindlela eziningana asetshenziswa ukuthi, kuye ngokuthi zinjani izimo kanye esikuthandayo of wensimu.

Ingqondo of ukuhluma nezikhathi

Indlela esetshenziswa ezimweni lapho impatho umtshali Sekuhlwe kakhulu ngemigomo zokutshala impahla. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukulungiswa amazambane ngokutshala in spring ukuhluma kungenziwa speeded kancane. Ukuze lokhu kuyadingeka ukulungiselela isixazululo ekhethekile pre ehlanganisa ingxube umlotha kanye ukulandelela izakhi of sulfate yethusi (noma ivuselela ezahlukene kakhulu ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni). Kuyadingeka ukuba bagcine olinganise izithako ngesikhathi nomkhombe. Per ilitha lamanzi kudinga isipuni ikota zethusi sulfate, ukulandelela izakhi kunezelwa impela kancane - phezu tip of ngommese. Inani umlotha lichaza ekwakheni zonke wensimu ichaza uqobo.

isixazululo Elungisiwe olufuthwe amazambane ngosuku. Ivunyelwe ukunciphisa inani izinqubo kanye lokufeza wokunisela zokutshala impahla kanye izinsuku 3. Abanye abalimi afakwa nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngokuphelele. Lena zokuvimbela ezinhle izifo, ikakhulukazi ukhunta. Kubalulekile ukuba overdo it, ochwepheshe musa batusa ukugcina amazambane ku ikhambi imizuzu engaphezu kwemibili.

Iphele nezilimo eziyizigaxa indlela express

Lungiselela amazambane yokutshala entwasahlobo ngale ndlela Kwenziwa ezimweni lapho kungekho izimo ezidingekile ukuhluma lokutshala impahla, kanye nesikhathi futhi kulinganiselwe. Provyalivayut nezilimo eziyizigaxa ukuncoma okushisa kusuka degrees 14 kuya 16. Murphy imali ungqimba elincanyana phezu flat futhi avunyelwe ukuba amele izinsuku ezingu-10. Ikamelo kufanele kube yomile.

Kalula Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho usebenzisa ukulungiselela enjalo amazambane zokutshala, akudingeki ukunikeza ukufinyelela yokukhanya egumbini. Indlela ilula kakhulu ukusebenzisa, futhi umphumela okuholela impela high. Ingasetshenziselwa i-ukuqala izinto ngendlela engajwayelekile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, indaba zokutshala uzolunga phakathi nonyaka ka-April.

indlela ezimanzi

Lapho ulungiselela amazambane zokutshala usebenzisa indlela ezimanzi, amazambane ayesekhulile akuyona ukukhanya, kodwa yamathebhu ezimanzi. Njengesisekelo substrate oluvame ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi sawdust ofakwe noma isihlabathi (balimi e zindawo enyakatho ukuthatha leli Peat ezivamile). ukuhluma izinga kakhulu anda: ukulungiswa zokutshala impahla kumanele izinsuku ezingu-15. Nezilimo eziyizigaxa ongabeka kuka-April.

Ngokwezazi ezithile abatshali, usebenzisa le ndlela amila nezilimo eziyizigaxa ukugcina umsoco omningi futhi ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza izithombo enempilo. I yokuntula kukhona ukumelana eliphansi amazambane ezifweni kanye izinambuzane.

Kwembulunga zokutshala impahla

Ukulungiselela imbewu amazambane ngaphambi kokutshala ngokubeka amalahle nezilimo eziyizigaxa - indlela esheshayo ukukhiqiza amahlumela. Isetshenziselwa ezimweni lapho amazambane musa ziqhume ngenxa izimbangela ezingaziwa, futhi isikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela akuyona. Ukutshala impahla siyagcinwa a okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa emoyeni. Amanani ongafinyelela 35-40 degrees. Kule ndlela, amahlumela avele futhi ngokushesha ovukayo efihlekile. Nezilimo eziyizigaxa babe ukulungele zokutshala emva kwezinsuku 4.

Ukusetshenziswa izixazululo

tuber ukuhluma kungenziwa yashesha by sishaye izingoma zokutshala impahla ukufukula yabo. Inqubo Kunconywa ukuba neze nifeze kanengi ukudlula kanye ngemva kwezinsuku 5-6. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezahlukene, ezinye zazo ethulwa ohlwini olulandelayo:

1) nitrophosphate. okuhlushwa ezinconyiwe: ithisipuni elilodwa amalitha amathathu uketshezi.
2) Umanyolo "Effekton". Isipuni esisodwa selayisi ukwakheka buhlanjululwe ngamalitha amathathu amanzi.
3) Urea. Ukuze a izimbiza ezintathu-litre ngamanzi kwanele isipuni esisodwa esincane.
Lapho usebenzisa i-izixazululo kubalulekile ukuba ungeqi lokuhlushwa into emanzini bese bagcine imbewu schedule ukuphathwa.

Lesi sigaba nezilimo eziyizigaxa isabelo ngasinye

Ukuze asindise impahla betshala kanye ochwepheshe batusa ukusika nezilimo eziyizigaxa ukwabelana nge ukwethulwa izinhlobo ezintsha. Amalungiselelo anjalo imbewu amazambane yokutshala (cut) kudinga ukuhambisana imithetho embalwa jikelele:

- Sika nezilimo eziyizigaxa imila kuphela. Material zokutshala incubated for cishe izinsuku ezintathu (ukwakha uqweqwe zokuzivikela).
- Isisindo lobule ngasinye kufanele kube hhayi ngaphansi kuka 25 amagremu.
- On kobuso share isikhumba kumele kube amagciwane engaphezu kwemibili.
- Isitolo nezilimo eziyizigaxa ahlukaniswe evuthayo ikamelo emoyeni lokushisa kusuka 18 kuya 25 kanye nomswakama ka 94% kuya ku-96%.
- Ngesikhathi amazambane kufanele uthole ukukhanya okwanele.
- Cutting kwenziwe insimbi imimese steel. Ngemva ngamunye blade cut disinfected e 0.1% manganese 0.5% isixazululo noma isixazululo acid salicylic.

isifo Prevention

Uma usuqedile ukulungiselela ukutshala amazambane ngaphansi ifilimu futhi ngaphandle kwalo, ukuze kuvikeleke imbewu okokusebenza izixazululo ezahlukene ngesikhathi ukuhluma. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi balimi waqala kucutshungulwa amazambane buhlanjululwe potassium permanganate noma ithusi sulfate. Le ndlela kuvimbela ukutheleleka tuber okulimaza sekwephuzile. Ukuze lokuhlushwa sivumelekile zethusi sulfate kuyinto amalitha hhayi okungaphezu kokukodwa isipuni ezintathu zoketshezi. Manganese buhlanjululwe ngamanzi baze sifinyelele deep purple isixazululo anemibala. Amazambane bacwilisa imizuzu embalwa e ukwakheka, bese usabalala futhi bavunyelwe ukuba ome.

Single zethusi sulfate noma manganese, futhi batusa ukusetshenziswa isifutho nezilimo eziyizigaxa futhi ezihlabayo abasha. Lokhu kakhulu kwandisa ukumelana izitshalo ukuze Amagciwane izifo ezinkulu sivimbele ngempumelelo izinambuzane.

Lungiselela amazambane yokutshala entwasahlobo, lapho ukuze uthole ku ukuhluma

Ukuze Ukushisa ukuhluma kwezinhlobo nezilimo eziyizigaxa zithathwa aphume ekamelweni eliphansi kwendlu ukuze mayelana 30-35 izinsuku ngaphambi kokutshala.

Abalimi practice, eqiniseka ukuthi ukulungiswa imbewu amazambane zokutshala izinyathelo eshibhile nezilimo eziyizigaxa amila ungaba nomthelela obonakalayo isivuno. Lezi zindlela angadingi imali eshisiwe isikhathi nomzamo, kodwa bangu efanayo Umanyolo, ukukhetha izinhlobo noma ukusetshenziswa ejenti okuvikela nezilokazane nezifo isitshalo.

ukulungiselela umhlabathi

ukulungiselela umhlabathi yokutshala amazambane kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukupheka yindawo engcono ekwindla. Inhlabathi ukulungiselela ukutshala amazambane kanje: phansi kususwa ukhula, owethulwa ku 1 sq. m ibolile umquba ebhakedeni noma umquba, 15 g we potassium usawoti, 30 g we superphosphate. Ngemva kwalokho, ukumba on a insabule, futhi ingangqubuzani izigaxa. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa isibalo overwintered ngempumelelo e izinambuzane phansi.