Ukujoyina ubuchwepheshe ngoba amandla grids: uxhumano wokufaka

Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi luhlobo esanda-wakha, ukukhiqizwa, noma wemboni zezindlu zomphakathi ngokuyinhloko exhunywe kwi-zikagesi. Imibuzo eminingi kusuka kubathengi ukulandelana yezenzo ukuthi ichaze uxhumano. substantiation kwezobuchwepheshe inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ebekwe izinqumo zomthetho kanye nemihlahlandlela ye Uhulumeni, lapho oda jikelele uxhumano kuhlukaniswe afanele lula ukusetshenziswa.

Izinhlobo lezinto ezivumelekile uxhumano zobuchwepheshe

I kwemithetho esungulwe uhlu labasebenzisi uxhumeke amanethiwekhi ezivamile kagesi:

• isakhiwo, okuyinto ziqala ukusebenza;
• Yakhelwe ngaphambilini bexhashazwa, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, zidinga ukwanda umthamo;
• izindawo ngaphandle amandla okwandisa, kodwa ukushintsha isigaba nokwethenjelwa ngenxa kwathatha uhlobo oluhlukile ukukhiqizwa noma umsebenzi.

imithetho uxhumano Igridi siyavuma ukuthi inqubo reconnection lapho nokushintsha umnikazi impahla into wenziwa. Noma yimuphi izimangalo evela kumnikazi inethiwekhi empikiswaneni kabusha ukwelashwa zemvelo engakhokhi.

Inqubo uxhumano amandla grids

Ukuxhumeka yenziwa ngokuvumelana umyalelo ngokuqinile kuchazwa, futhi ihlanganisa izinyathelo:

• umsebenzisi, ngokuvumelana imodeli ejwayelekile osebenza uxhumano ukuze amandla amanethiwekhi;
• isayine isivumelwano ekufezeni umsebenzi phakathi umnikazi into futhi umnikazi inethiwekhi;
• inkampani ine samandla, silungiselela Ukucaciswa yeziqondiso ezikhona, izicelo zabo, opharetha futhi abanikazi inethiwekhi angomakhelwane;
• ubunjiniyela kanye nabasebenzi lobuchwepheshe isevisi yenethiwekhi imibhalo umkhiqizo iphrojekthi ngokuhambisana esifakiwe;
• umthengi in-house oda kwiphrojekthi sikhungo, ke ngempela zonke izidingo ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe;
• kwezinye izimo, imithetho Russian ku ukwakhiwa lwekutfutfukisa ku uxhumano ikhanseliwe amaphrojekthi;
• amaqembu ukufeza imibandela yesivumelwano uxhumano;
• ukuhlela inethiwekhi ukulawula umnikazi ukukhishwa ngu TU umthengi;
• umthetho amafemu kanye osomabhizinisi abasebenza nge ukusetshenziswa amandla angaphezu kuka-100 kW kanye nabantu nge Inkomba efanayo engaphezu kwengu-15 kW, kukhona Ukuhlolwa esiyisibopho ukufaka kagesi e ebukhoneni RTN;
• emva kokuhlola uxhumano lwenethiwekhi abasebenzi ukukhiqiza langempela lomsebenzisi nezinto ugesi.

Isikhathi, okuyinto wenziwa uxhumano amandla amanethiwekhi

Uxhumano isakhiwo sesikhashana yomnikazi isikhathi ezingekho ngaphezu izinyanga eziyisithupha, inqobo nje ibanga zikagesi kusukela iphuzu ukusetshenziswa at 300 m, isikhathi egijima izinsuku ezingu-15. Umthetho amafemu kanye yokukhiqiza, ezidinga i-amandla ayo womsebenzi akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-100 kW kanye nabantu ukuxhuma kumanethiwekhi ne voltage kuze 20 kW, balinde uxhumano esingangezinyanga eziyisithupha, uma umthombo wamandla itholakala emzini akukho kuka 300 m, edolobhaneni - 500 m.

Ngaphambi konyaka Kwenziwa ukuxhumeka izindawo amandla igridi ephethe umthamo ezingekho ngaphezulu kuka 750 kW. Uma abathengi bafuna ukwazi ukuthi uxhumano esheshayo, isikhathi nemingcele emiswe esivumelwaneni phakathi umnikazi we isakhiwo nakunethiwekhi abaphathi. Sekuphele iminyaka emibili ukukhiqizwa uxhuma imishini ukuthi iyadingeka ukuze voltages ngenhla 750 kW. Izinsuku kungenziwa welulela ngu ukuvumelana phakathi kwezinhlangano zentando kuze iminyaka 4, kodwa angisayi.

Kukhethwa inethiwekhi inhlangano

Eduze indawo ye lebhizinisi kungenzeka etholakala amandla imigqa embalwa, ikhebula izintambo, transformer ezincane, okuyinto ahlanganisiwe. Ukuze uqalise, umsebenzisi kunquma ukuthi inhlangano okwakuyodingeka asebenze, ikhumbula lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• ukuthengisela ilungiselelo ibanga kusuka osamukelayo;
• voltage ezingeni odlulayo amanethiwekhi aseduze.

Ibanga kusukela indawo esemngceleni ebizwa ngokuthi umugqa oqondile eseduze into impahla noma inethiwekhi kagesi. imithetho uxhumano Igridi ukunikeza ukuthi umsebenzisi uxhuma imishini ukuze grids amandla isigaba ukuthi is ebalulwe isicelo. Uma umnikazi efuna ukuxhuma isayithi kokukhiqiza imizila emandleni aphakeme, ukuthi wayelinde umsebenzi ezibizayo kudivayisi phansi substation.

Uma abanikazi yangasese eduzane bayalingana ngaphezulu ngokuya imigqa uxhumano, isicelo uxhumano zobuchwepheshe wakhonza kunoma yiziphi izinhlangano inethiwekhi. Bantula eduze kuka 300 m kusuka ingxenye ugesi ilungelo umsebenzisi ukubambisana noma yimuphi umnikazi eseduze.

Ephendula isicelo yayo ezinsukwini ezingu-15 umnikazi we umthombo uxhumano uqondisa abathengi exhunywe amandla kwalo kunqunywa uhla 100 kuya 750 kW, usayine isivumelwano ne isandla sakhe kanye Ukucaciswa edingekayo. Uma umnikazi-umshayeli alisho zonke isicelo ulwazi isikhundla noma ukungabi khona amaphepha adingekayo, abanikazi inethiwekhi bayaziswa ukuthi empeleni abuye achaze uhlu amaphepha adingekayo.

Imithetho kwesicelo sokubhaliswa

Isicelo uxhumano grid amandla senziwa ngeduplikhethi yaposwa ekhelini lenhlangano inethiwekhi ngencwadi bhalisiwe ngesaziso ukubuya. I imvilophi yengezwe ohlwini - iqoqo wonke amadokhumenti wathumela. Esitatimendeni, le abathengi ukuxhuma ugesi ukusetshenziswa emndenini (engashiwongo engaphezu kwengu-15 kW), ulwazi olulandelayo:

• ikheli kanye nendawo yokuhlala lomuntu ofake isicelo;
• igama nekheli lendawo ezweni, izindlu, izakhiwo ezilungele uxhumano;
• Imigomo project ukuqaliswa kanye nokuphathwa wonke umsebenzi amandla nokwamukela imishini nge isikhathi isinyathelo ngasinye;
• usayizi esiphezulu amandla adingekayo, lapho interconnection kwetheknoloji inkolelo amandla umthwalo.

Isicelo sabantu zomthetho kanye osomabhizinisi

Isicelo uxhumano kagesi ayizona izinkampani zomthetho noma osomabhizinisi, lizinga ukukhiqizwa ezidinga amandla afinyelela ku 100 kW, iqukethe ezine ulwazi olungeziwe amaphuzu ohlwini ngenhla kolwazi:

• Igama lenkampani kanye nekheli lomnikazi ukukhiqizwa izindawo, amafemu umthetho ukhombise inombolo yokubhalisa, osomabhizinisi ngabanye - ngesibalo EGRIP kanye ethemini ye zako kwirejista, izakhamuzi ebonakalayo ibonisa nesibongo, igama lokuqala, maphakathi kanye idatha kusuka passport;
• amandla wokusabalalisa kukho konke emigqeni ethuma ucacise isigaba nokwethenjelwa wedwa wonke nemishini amandla kanye namadivayisi;
• Ngenxa esizayo amandla umthwalo nge inkomba ezomnotho kuhlelwe;
• umnikazi we-iziphakamiso eziphathelene ngokuziphatha yemali engukheshe ekhokhiwe kanti imigomo lokukhokha isitolimende umsebenzi inethiwekhi zabo enhlanganweni.

Imibhalo ngoba isicelo

Kuphoqelekile ukuthi zonke izigaba labathengi okwenza ulwazi amaphepha ezilandelayo:

• umdwebo noma imishini kwendikimba isakhiwo isithombe okuyinto ixhunywe umthombo amandla;
• inethiwekhi Umzila abathengi yangasese, nge okuyinto uxhumano kugridi ukuze amanethiwekhi;
• kanye nohlu izinkomba lobuchwepheshe wonke amadivayisi kungenziwa exhunywe amadivayisi lokulawula eziphuthumayo;
• amakhophi amaphepha, eqinisekisa ilungelo bezindawo noma ezinye nesisekelo esingokomthetho sokuthethelela umthengi izinto;
• uma, esikhundleni umnikazi uxhumano ukwenza omunye umuntu, amandla ommeli ukuzijayeza phambi ummeleli kwamakhasimende.

Inqubo isiphelo sesimiso sivumelwano

Yasayina isivumelwano sohlangothi olulodwa ukuxhuma phambili inethiwekhi nokuphatha umthengi ngaphakathi ezingu-15 ngemuva kokuthola isicelo sokuba ukubusa. substantiation kwetheknoloji nemibandela kule nkathi ithunyelwa izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye osomabhizinisi, umthamo uxhumano isesikhathini 100 kW, noma izinhlangano ngokomzimba exhunyiwe amanethiwekhi ne voltage kuze 15 kW (ukuze asetshenziswe ezindlini).

Uma kuziwa nezinye abathengi ningaweli le ncazelo, imibhalo lobuchwepheshe wathumela kubo ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kusukela ngosuku kulethwa isicelo. Ukuthola imibandela kanye inkontileka, ofake isicelo ukutadisha imibhalo futhi, esimweni isivumelwano nabo, asayine isivumelwano, futhi ithumela iphepha ikhophi eyodwa kumnikazi ehhovisi inethiwekhi, futhi Ukukhetha wesibili ushiya yena.

Uma esikhathini esizayo umthengi alivumelani lekhontile ezithile yesivumelwano, noma ekholelwa asithobeli ke unelungelo ukuthumela ekhelini lenhlangano walungisiswa ukwenqaba ukuze asayine inkontilaka kufunwe indawo efanele ngokuhambisana nomthetho. Ukuze ugweme ukushayisana imibhalo efana nalena kuthunyelwe ngeposi nge ukubuya Irisidi eceliwe.

abaphathi Network ubophekile ukuba utadisha iphepha ekhiqizwa futhi ukunikeza impendulo umthengi zingakapheli izinsuku 5 emva kokuthola incwadi ecela usizo. Ukuze ukusayina inkontileka noma ukwala eyashukumisela umthengi unikwa esikhathini esingangenyanga. Uma emva kwalesi sikhathi kungxenye yakhe ngeke lutho, isicelo uxhumano ikhanseliwe.

amaphuzu abalulekile sivumelwano

Noma yisiphi isivumelwano kuhlanganisa nemibandela elandelayo, okuyizinto ezibalulekile for the uxhumano:

• uhlu imisebenzi okumele wenziwe, uma kwenziwe uxhumano zobuchwepheshe Amadivayisi amandla;
• Ukuzibophezela nhlangothi zombili ukusebenzisa isivumelwano;
• Umnqamulajuqu esigabeni ngasinye senqubo uxhumano;
• ekutholeni umthwalo uma ukwephulwa ngakunye yesivumelwano, esungulwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho;
• kubonisa ngezinga elithile umthwalo zokusebenza kwezinhlangano ulinganise esithwele impahla imingcele kunethiwekhi kagesi;
• inkokhelo uxhumano zobuchwepheshe ngokuhambisana nemithetho;
• oda yokukhokha ngomsebenzi wabo, futhi imodi yokudlulisa i Wezezimali.

Administration lenhlangano inethiwekhi ayikwazi ukuphoqelela umthengi ukwenza izenzo engamboziwe izimo uxhumano lobuchwepheshe. Le nkampani kungenzeka adinga umthengi amakontileka nabantu abaseceleni, isibonelo, nezinhlangano ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi, nge nabadlali phezu ukufakwa izakhiwo namanethiwekhi, nabanye. ISivumelwano nokuxhumana ukuphatha inethiwekhi kuziwa phakathi force kusukela ngosuku irisidi yayo, esisayinwe umthengi.

Imali uxhumano kunethiwekhi

Ukuze ababhalisile uxhumeke kwinethiwekhi nge namandla kufika ku-15 kW esekelwe imishini ekhona kakade, izindleko kuyinto ruble 550 ngoba kilowatt ngamunye amandla, ebheka uxhumano. substantiation kwetheknoloji kanye Ukucaciswa afakiwe intengo. Intengo ngokujoyina izinjongo amabhizinisi ezinkulu kanye naphakathi siphakeme kakhulu kunalokhu.

Izakhamizi abangamalungu izinhlangano engenzi-nzuzo, supply ugesi kwenziwa counter kanye Imininingwane ibalwa ngokuvele azalane inombolo kwamalungu abasebenzi kanye nenani ruble 550, inqobo ukuthi ngamunye wabo ibusa akukho kuka-15 kW.

Izigaba asele abasebenzisi ukukhokhela uxhumano at the rates esabekwa iziphathimandla zendawo ubukhulu isiqondiso isimo amanani. Imali ingase ibalwa ngesisekelo amazinga yajwayeleka ukwakhiwa izitshalo amandla noma amazinga ejwayelekile uxhumano. Inqubo uxhumano ngamazinga ejwayelekile ibonisa ukuthi inhlangano inethiwekhi ulindele ukukhokha usebenzisa evunyiwe RECOM iphrofayela kagesi amanani.

Umthengi unelungelo ukwakha inethiwekhi isimo ukuthi zonke izidingo lobuchwepheshe, uma ibheka ukuthi lokhu kukhetha ngcono kuye. Kulokhu-ke uyiswa ebhodini kuphela ulwazi kudinga amandla igridi uxhumano senziwa nesenzo inhlangano inethiwekhi kungabikhona izimangalo kule ndaba.

uxhumano okungagunyaziwe kumanethiwekhi kagesi

Abanye abathengi abonakele uxhumeke kwi-amandla kagesi, usebenzisa wona futhi izuzise siqu noma isetshenziswe ekhaya, ngaphandle kokukhokha izindleko ukusetshenziswa zamanje. Ukuze ukuhlukumeza sangamabomu umthetho kuhlinzekelwe izinhlawulo ezinzima.

Ukuze ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ukuze bazizuzise bona kwikhawunta dlula unswinyo zezimali, okuyinto kubalwa ngokwehlukile ngayinye kumuntu osonile ngabanye. uxhumano emthethweni kugridi kunqunywa kusukela ifomula, nabavoti eziyisisekelo ezihlanganisa ubude kanye okungagunyaziwe uxhumano umugqa umthamo endaweni uxhumano. Lo mthetho ukubala sisebenza ngokufanayo isakhiwo multi-storey sokuba izinkampani ezizimele. Ukunquma inani esihle wenziwa:

• by amazinga umthengi kuleli qembu futhi ngokusho ekilasini voltage;
• kuthathwe ibalwa ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke ugesi weyesi inikezwe;
• It ubhekwa inani lezinsuku phakathi nalapho ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka lapho ukusetshenziswa kukagesi.

uxhumano kagesi endlini kusuka kokuthunyelwe

Ugesi nezindaba ababehilelekile, ngokulandelana, net lokukhipha izimvume ekhethekile uxhumano ezimele ukuba umthombo voltage, bona ngokwabo ukukhiqiza uthayi anjalo. Ukuze uxhume ugesi zokuhlala isicelo imvume yokuxhuma kanye nokusetshenziswa ngogesi ngaphansi kwemigomo enikeziwe yinkampani.

Ngemva kokuthola imvume, ungakwazi ukuxhuma ugesi endlini ngezandla zakhe. Akuthathi isikhathi esiningi, kodwa okokuqala kuzomele banqume ukuthi mabazisingathe kanjani ikhebuli ukuxhuma amakhaya kuya amapayipi:

• laying emoyeni;
• Izintambo zikagesi ezisobala ngendlela efihliwe (nangaphansi komhlaba).

Through the ikholomu Kwenziwa emoyeni hoses. Kuyindlela ezivame kakhulu efingqa ugesi ukuze indlu, wenza ngosizo ikhebula ne ikhebula ukumiswa noma ikhebula armored isetshenziswa. kwesigaba Ngesandla kumele exhunywe ikhebula elula metal okuqinile wire kwesigaba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 3 mm ngokusebenzisa kokungathembeki izibopho.

Ready ikhebula armored kuyinto zasemoyeni ikhebula izikhwebu, okuyinto yakhiwa babashayeli kagesi conductive, ukwahlukanisa, futhi itholakala ngaphakathi ikhebula, onikeza ikhebula amandla oyifunayo ngokumelene umoya ipheshulwa futhi Uqweqwe ebusika. Ukuze yangasese ukusetshenziswa ekhaya brand ye-SIP-4 ngokusebenzisa ikhebula, lapho imicu zenziwa aluminium noma insimbi. Ikhebula ukukhetha senziwa kuncike ekutheni, kungakanani wiring nokuthi sizothinta nesimo sezimali umthengi.

Ukuze ukulungisa izintambo usebenzisa Ukugunda ekhethekile ngohlobo amahange ukuthi abeke elilodwa ku umongo ngamunye. Air ekhelini ukwenza noma usebenzisa izikhonkwane ohlobo nozakwabo. Wiring sidlulile ogangeni ngamapayipi, bese exhunywe kwi-imitha. Uma ngaphandle kwendlu sihlelelwe ukufaka isimame, isihlangu senziwa uzilondoloze.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi zonke izimiso nemithetho, okuyinto eyenziwa uxhumano zobuchwepheshe Amadivayisi amandla zichazwe imibhalo SNIP, eqondiswa, umsebenzisi kalula enze uxhumano indlela umoya ikholomu. Ngemva kokuhlola umsebenzi wenhlangano yokuphatha, a okuhambisanayo isitifiketi ukwamukelwa, futhi uxhumano kagesi isakhiwo izindlu kubhekwa ephelele.