Ukufakwa formwork: imfundo nobuchwepheshe

Omunye izigaba sokuqala sokwakha izakhiwo izinjongo ezihlukile kuyinto ukufakwa formwork. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo uhlala ngaphandle ukunakisisa izimpawana. Kodwa kakade at the stage of belungiselela ethela, kusobala ukuthi akukhona konke kulula njengoba into yokuqala eyafika engqondweni. Hlanganani uzimele yona ukuze asisize ekuqondiseni ukufakwa formwork.

izinhlobo formwork

Zintathu izinhlobo izakhiwo:

• Lokuxhuma okuyinto adiliza emva omiswe ephelele isixazululo. Kuyinto formwork ezinjalo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka isakhiwo egoqekayo okungase adiliza futhi basetshenziswe. Phakathi izinzuzo lolu hlobo formwork ukukhululwa ukufakwa lula, lingasetshenziswa kabusha, okuyinto kwehlisa izindleko zezimali yokwakha.

• Esikhiphekayo, ngokulandelana, okungelamabala adiliza. Ukufakwa formwork yalolu hlobo ukukhiqiza ngokuyinhloko polystyrene enwetshiwe noma Foam. It uhlala ingxenye isakhiwo esakhiwe. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukhonza njengelungu heater.

• "Floating" kuyinto formwork ejwayelekile ukuze kwakhiwe isisekelo Monolithic, okuyinto bacwiliswa emhlabathini. It is ababebuthene kusuka kwamapulangwe avikele ukuthi ukuphakama kancane ngenhla ezakhiwe ezihlongozwayo ngokhonkolo. Isihlangu lehliselwa emgodini futhi nasezinsikeni abhidliza izindonga zayo. Wagingqa phezu amakhadibhodi noma ukufulela impahla.

Izimali nazo izinhlobo eziningana kuye ngenjongo:

• Wall formwork. Ukukhweza wenziwa ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo mpo futhi izindonga.

• Evundlile, esetshenziselwa ukufakwa isisekelo kanye phansi.

• I agobile okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ugcwalise imininingwane bobunjwa okungavamile.

Ukukhweza futhi dismounting we formwork zohlobo ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi has izici zayo siqu. Badinga ukwazi ikhwalithi yomsebenzi.

Izinzuzo shuttering unomphela

Ukufakwa formwork unomphela kuhilela yokufuna kit isilungele umsebenzi. Singagcina ngokubu- ukuqoqa design futhi ukukhiqiza ukufakwa kwalo. Lokhu kusho eziningi eziwusizo ukuthi lolu hlobo formwork:

• okufutshane nesikhathi;

• ukufakwa lula;

• design engasindi;

• ukumelana nesenzakalo isikhunta nangesikhunta;

• ukuphepha umlilo;

• eziphansi.

Futhi, formwork unomphela kokubili ungqimba ukwahlukanisa kanye kuyinto block Foam kalula axhumene. Lapho kususwa udonga lwangemuva bangaphakathi ohlabayo kuka elingaphandle. Lokhu ephumelelisa ezingeni lelisetulu zihlale zifudumele.

Ukwakhiwa shuttering unomphela

Ukufakwa izindonga formwork esebenzisa amabhlogo fixed kakhulu kulula kunalokho indlela evamile.

Umsebenzi iqala indawo ukulungiselela, ebeka ungqimba ungangenisi amanzi. Vele agqoke amabhlogo isisekelo ngesisekelo the akhiwe (nge-offset amalunga omzimba). Lokhu kuvumela ukwandisa amandla (rigidity) isakhiwo.

Ukuze uqale nge umugqa owodwa kuphela amabhlogo embondelene okwengeziwe ukuqinisa (ukugqagqana). Ngenxa yalesi kukhona anemifantu ekhethekile. Armature exhunywe phakathi wire mpo. Ngendlela efanayo aliveza uchungechunge elandelayo.

Amabhulokhi ukukhwezwa phakathi elula uxhumano Slots ekhethekile kancane ngokucindezela. Qala ukugcwalisa nosimende ukhonkolo kakade lomzila wesithathu emabhuloki.

Phakathi nalokho kubingelelana, kukhona imfihlo Omncane. Izindonga kuyoba eziqinile uma enhlanganisweni yebhantshi lensimbi, izingqimba yesixazululo uhlala phakathi block. Kuze kube yimanje, kumugqa ophezulu ugcwele nakuba kungaze kube yinxenye.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule formwork esikhiphekayo

Amaphuzu asemqoka okunikeza formwork inhlangano cabanga ngesibonelo umklamo esikhiphekayo egoqekayo. Lolu hlobo uvame kwenziwe ngaphandle kosizo abanikazi iziza abakhi abangochwepheshe.

Ukufakwa formwork Yenziwe kwamapulangwe, nemishayo, amashidi plywood nezinye izinkuni. Into esemqoka ukuthi lezi amapuleti babe bushelelezi. Zonke umsebenzi iqala indawo nokulungiselela. Isayithi kumele kube ngokuphelele khulula lezinto angaphandle, doti nokunye. Ngokulandelayo, ngosizo izinti kwasho amakhona izakhiwo kuyakhiwa. Bayoba ngesisekelo kuyiphi lonke izilinganiso kuzokwenziwa. Ngokuhambisana osayizi phakathi imigoqo uya isihlangu bezinhlamvu.

panel Iphele awashintsheki nemigoqo emincane usebenzisa ngezikulufo noma izipikili. Yasibamba kufanele kube okunokwethenjelwa. Lapho ekwandiseni ingcindezi ukhonkolo likhuphukele isihlangu, okungaholela ngokuhlaziya zebhodi. Into esemqoka ukuthi washiya ibha kusukela ngaphandle. Ngo parallel, isakhiwo ababebuthene uya kwenye irowu at ibanga udonga esizayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele uthole Uhlaka emhlabeni azungezwe.

Ebhokisini kokuqendwa ugcwele bezinhlamvu ungqimba ngohlalwane noma isihlabathi. Le isixazululo ivikela kusuka umswakama ukulahleka okuyinto uzoya phansi. Formwork technology obandayo uqalelela ngokuvikela isihlangu lokhuni ngokumelene ukuvuza ikhambi ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ekhona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amabhodi embozwe ucwecwe noma ukufulela impahla, okuyinto ziboshelwe ngezikulufo noma ukudla nge stapler.

Wonke umsebenzi kumele kwenziwe ikhumbula ezingeni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuleso naleso sigaba, lo evenness eliqinisekisiwe design ukuphakama, ubude mpo (ezibalulekile). imigqa amabili amabhodi okufanele uhambe ngayo ngokuqinile parallel nomunye.

izakhi eziyisisekelo formwork

I formwork esikhiphekayo, okuyinto uya ngumnikazi, siqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• Deck okuyinto uyisihlangu flat, esiyingxenye lonke ebiyelwe. Isakhiwo Kwakumelwe uqine ngokwanele ukuthi singamelana nokucindezela uketshezi. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa plywood noma edging amabhodi ukushuba 4-5 cm.

• Amahlathi, okuyizinto isakhiwo backbone. Baqhuba izindonga, singavumeli ikhambi ngawakhamela out emphemeni. Yenza ehlathini kusukela amabhodi zikaphayini noma amabha (2.5-5 cm).

• Iziqobosho - zonke izinto lapho bonke izakhi okokusonteka isakhiwo: wire, omfisha, othayi, hardware nokunye.

Deck ngokuvamile kuqoqwa 15 cm amabhodi ububanzi axhunyiwe ochungechungeni amaningi usebenzisa izinzipho (ayisa ngaphakathi, ngaphandle egwegwile) noma ngezikulufo (bawahlanekezela ngaphakathi). Ibanga phakathi amabhodi akumele leqe 3 mm. Solid zihlanganiswa ndawonye slats ezengeziwe.

Okulula okufana bumbela emphemeni - usebenzisa obukhulu waterproof plywood 1.8-2.1 cm.

Ukufaka formwork

Uhlaka izokwenziwa ngqo futhi izinga, uma uzilungiselele kahle e ebaleni lokudlala kusengaphambili. ilebula wakhe usebenzisa welulela phakathi nezikhonkwane izintambo. Backfilled futhi ohlangene isihlabathi isiguqo. Uma kudingeka, emgodini okulungiselelwe.

Ukufakwa formwork kwenzeka ukulandelana elandelayo:

• Ipherimitha kufanele aqoke iziqondiso mpo (amabha sokhuni, engeli metal noma amapayipi).

• Ngokwe-Umhlahlandlela ufuna ukubeka izihlangu usulungile, ngokugcina ibanga kudingekile phakathi kwabo (ke uyalingana ukujiya edingekayo kwesisekelo).

• Ngokuqina silungise emphemeni. Prop yayo Ohlangothini olungaphandle olwehlelayo Amabha (1 canting emphemeni imitha ngalinye).

• Ukuze uxhume izihlangu oxhumene Amabha 5x5 cm.

• Ingaphakathi bezinhlamvu walala ifilimu (ukufulela impahla).

Izikhwama ukuphakama futhi 20 cm kwakungadingi design enkulu. Enough ngabo ayisa nemigoqo phansi.

Ukufakwa odongeni formwork

Okuningi nzima yinqubo ekwakheni uhlelo formwork udonga. isehlane Ngakho futhi elikhulu-ezincane-panel formwork.

Inketho yokuqala kufanelekile ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezincane (Cottages, izakhiwo yasendlini) kanye ngodonga phakathi amakamelo. Kulokhu, sebenzisa ubukhulu encane amabhodi ipulangwe.

Ukufakwa Esibanzi-surface shuttering ejwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kanye ukuphakama enkulu. Ukuze operation usebenzisa uthayela noma amashidi ezinkulu plywood.

Ukuze ukufakwa izindonga isisekelo uzilungiselele, lapho valve lajwayeleka. Duzane collect ezimbili irowu Uhlaka formwork wakhe. Lapho usebenzisa i-plywood abavamile, amalunga coat ne anamathelayo noma sealant. Okwamanje emakethe kukhona formwork plywood ekhethekile. I amashidi ngabanye exhunywe kulo kwi "iva-inkatho" ukuthi akudingi ukubekwa uphawu ezengeziwe.

izinhlobo ukugqagqana

Ukufakwa ophahleni formwork incike uhlobo ophahleni. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izakhiwo:

• On nezitsha ivolumu. Isetshenziselwa izakhiwo kanye ukuphakama enkulu. zisebenzisa Ngakho Racks mpo, Jacks, Ukufakwa, girders nezinye izakhi yokuxhuma izingxenye ngabanye.

• On amahlathi klinochnyh, ezisetshenziswa for eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo. Kunalokho plywood panel efakwe yezinsiza.

• On amahlathi inkomishi hlobo. Lolu hlobo ukufakwa inikeza uhlaka. Racks kuhlobene plate.

• nezitsha telescopic. Ifanele ezimweni lapho ukuphakama ukugqagqana lingaphansi kuka 4.6 m. Kusekelwe tripod esekela yonke isakhiwo. Phezu panel embondelene plywood amanzi.

Slab formwork

Okwamanje, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ophahleni Monolithic. On isibonelo yayo shuttering ukuqaqa inqubo emhlanganweni.

Formwork esetshenziswa uprights oxhumene by imishudo. Banamathele at engele unelungelo nemigoqo, egijima isiqondiso transverse. Kulezi Amabha transverse embondelene panel plywood, okuyinto phansi formwork.

Izinto ezisetshenziselwa lo msebenzi:

• Stand - ibha nge cross-ingxenye 12-15 cm;

• deadbolt futhi uvumelanise cross - nhlangothi zombili ibhodi nobubanzi 16-18 cm kanye ukushuba 5 cm;

• struts - ukushuba ibhodi 3 cm;

• flooring - Manzi (laminated) plywood of ukushuba 1.8 cm.

Ngaphambi ekuqaleni komsebenzi kudingekile ukuba afeze izibalo eqondile. Kubalulekile ukucacisa inombolo okuthunyelwe, ukuhambisa indawo yabo futhi nezinye izinto.

Imiyalelo yokufaka setshe formwork

Imiyalelo yomsebenzi kuhilela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuze phezulu struts longitudinal awashintsheki nemishayo, a ekupheleni lesibili okuyinto eqondiswa odongeni.

• Ngendlela efanayo ilandelana yesibili eziqoqiwe. Ngenxa yale njongo, ngaphansi ibhodi ukwesekwa ibekwe obukhulu 5 cm.

• transverse stacked aseRama nemithi pitch ka cm 60.

• Faka buckstays (thwi).

• Racks oxhumene struts.

• Ngo Amabha transverse embondelene amashidi plywood engashiyanga izikhala.

• Imikhawulo kokuncishiswa lwamagugu avikelwe wokwakha amabhulokhi noma izitini.

• Kuyinto uhlaka ukuqinisa. Kulokhu, uma kunesidingo, shiya isikhala zokuxhumana.

Lapho umsebenzi wenziwa, ungakwazi uyogcwala ukhonkolo. Susa formwork emva 3 amaviki.

isiphetho

Ukufakwa formwork zohlobo ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi sihlinzekela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke ezithile. Uma zisetshenziswa amabhodi, kumelwe babe abaphile entsha. Ebolile ibhodi ubudala wayengakwazi singamelana nokucindezela futhi ephule. Plywood kumele kube angangenwa manzi noma laminated.

Zonke umsebenzi liyadingeka ukwenza ngokuhambisana izibalo kukhiqizwa. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukufakwa phansi futhi udonga formwork.