Ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu. kudivayisi formwork, ubuchwepheshe bokuqopha nge ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo

ukukhiqizwa Ukhonkolo namuhla kahle ochwepheshe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba onjiniyela yangasese, yenziwe itholakale Monolithic ubuchwepheshe izindlu. izakhiwo ezinjalo banamandla ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ze-izakhiwo. Ngasekuqaleni kule ubuchwepheshe ezakhiwa izindawo nokuba angasetshenziswa ezimbonini kanye ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo. Namuhla, le nqubo amakhosi owaziwa yangasese, abakwaziyo ukuyisebenzisa ukwakha izindlu zabo kanye Cottages. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe Monolithic, ungakwazi uqaphele ezithandekayo sibambe design imibono.

abanikazi Ikusasa ngokwethukela ebheka phezu ukwakhiwa izindlu Monolithic, njengoba lezi zakhiwo Akumangalisi okuhlala. Bayakwazi ukhuthazelele ngisho ukuzamazama komhlaba ezincane. Umsebenzi aluhileli okusezingeni eliphezulu zabasebenzi enqubeni ukwakhiwa. izinto ezibizayo ukusebenzisa akudingekile, kanye nokusebenza indlu ukuqina ezahlukene nokwethembeka. Qeda ezakhiwe enjalo kungaba noma iyiphi impahla elibheke, izindonga bavunyelwe ukwakha ngokushesha nge ukwahlukanisa eyengeziwe ezishisayo.

Izici formwork esikhiphekayo

ukhonkolo Monolithic kungenziwa batheleka a formwork esikhiphekayo noma non-esikhiphekayo. Uhlobo lokuqala landile futhi eyaziwa. Ngemva kokuqala kulungiselelwa amakhosi isixazululo uzodinga ahlukanisa impahla kokushiya isakhiwo some ngokuphelele.

Uma formwork esebenza, sizokwazi ukwenza ezihlukahlukene amafomu usetshenziselwe ethela ukhonkolo. Uzokwazi ukwakha isisekelo, yakha kohlaka multi-storey izakhiwo, ukwakha izindonga okuqinile kanye ezitebhisini, kanye ukudala izakhi umhlobiso Ingaphakathi nengaphandle. Izindonga zakhiwe ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu batheleka formwork esikhiphekayo, esetshenziselwa:

• amalungu afanayo sokhuni;
• amashidi steel;
• Kuhlanganiswe ukushintshashintsha;
• aluminium isikhunta;
• plywood amashidi.

Engingakusho nje ukusakaza enamathela of polyvinyl chloride, okuyinto kusiza umsebenzi ukuqaqa lesi esebenza formwork. ongakhetha Hardware asetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezimweni lapho ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa okukhulu. Ukwakha isisekelo formwork okungcono kakhulu esinakho iwukusebenzisa ipulangwe, amabhodi noma amabhodi sokhuni. Lula inqubo yokufaka kungaba ngokusebenzisa metal ozimele, lapho zifakwa amapulangwe sokhuni. Plywood ngoba formwork esikhiphekayo ingasetshenziswa kuphela ukudala encane noma ezacile izindonga isakhiwo ukhonkolo.

Imigomo yokwakhiwa formwork esikhiphekayo

Uma ufuna ukuthulula ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isixazululo formwork esikhiphekayo, kodwa-ke kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile. Uhlaka kufanele aqiniswe abethela endaweni nilidle izimfanelo rigidity. izakhi ngamanye uhlaka kumele ngokunembile kushintshwe nomunye. Kulokhu, izikhala kufanele kube omncane.

Ukuphakama formwork ukumelana nengcindezi enkulu, ezizohlinzeka isixazululo ngemva ethela. Desirably, shuttering esikhiphekayo kwadingeka adhesion abampofu ukhonkolo. Uma isetshenziswa izikhathi kaningana, timphawu tesakhiwo akumele zikhubazekile by umthwalo umthelela.

Ukulungiselela izakhi lokhuni

Uma ufuna ukuthulula ngokwakho ukhonkolo Monolithic kwagcizelela, kubalulekile ukuba sithathe amabhodi sokhuni, ogama ukujiya ziyahlukahluka kusuka 25 kuya 50 mm. Kusukela ububanzi lezi zinto zingase zihluke kakhulu, lokhu ipharamitha akuyona ezibucayi. Nokho, nge okwandisa ububanzi kwandisa amathuba ngokuhlaziya. Kungcono ukukhetha ebhodini, ububanzi okuyinto kuhluka 200 kuya ku-300 mm. Amabhodi kufanele eqoqwe panel, okuphakama kwawo kufanele luhambisane ezingeni ikusasa ukhonkolo ethela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isicelo nemigoqo parallel, esaqinisa ebhodini.

On the yangaphandle ohlangothini nemishayo kufanele ibekwe, kuyilapho izinzipho baqhutshwa ku ibhodi ukuze ofeleba babe ngaphakathi formwork. Kungenzeka ukuba uvumelane uvalwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphela ubuso ibhodi. Uma ububanzi umqhewu kwamiswa kusuka 1 kuya ku 5 mm, donsa yabo avaliwe. Uma kukhona izikhala usayizi umxhwele nakakhulu okufanele amaphuzu komzila.

serekhodi

Monolithic ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu ngeke uthole amandla oyifunayo, uma kwesokunxele imifantu ku formwork, kusukela ngabo ngeke angena ubisi usimende kusukela isixazululo. Ngaphandle amabhodi, amabhodi kufanele uzilungiselele, ubude baso kufanele sibe ngaphezu 1/3 ukuphakama formwork. Ukuze ukwakheka spacers esetshenziselwa ebhodini kanye wire kunenze nisondelane izindonga ngu Jumpers yangaphakathi ezifakiwe.

kudivayisi formwork

Ngezansi sizoxoxa isibonelo ukwakha izakhiwo of formwork isisekelo strip. Lezi zimiso kuyokusiza ukuba ukwakha uthango nezinye izinjongo eziningi. Okokuqala, ebusweni ibhalwe, umsele is uzakungingcwaba izisekelo, esihlabathini phansi airbag nikubeke ezinhliziyweni zenu. Isendlalelo lokhu ukulungiselela kufanele kube 150 mm. Kumila etholwe is ohlangene kanye wetted ngamanzi ngokucebile. Ukuze lula inqubo yokunquma endaweni efanele izindonga shuttering kusekelwe kufanele kube ukwenza isikhathi eside kunazo zonke. Ngenxa yale njongo it is camera usimende-isihlabathi nosimende noma uthele ungqimba elincanyana ngokhonkolo. Horizontality kumele ihambisane ukwakhiwa izinga lamanzi.

Formwork ngoba izitebhisi kanye phansi

Uma kwenziwe shuttering kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi iladi, on-site ukwakhiwa kufanele yakha isisekelo okuyinto baxhumana ukwakhiwa isizinda esikhulu. Uma udala formwork setshe kufanele ukwakha uhlaka amabhodi, okuyinto zisekelwa Racks telescopic. Area lezisekelo kungukuthi fixed ngemishayo mina-ngemishayo imishayo yokhuni.

Le ndlela yokwenza umsebenzi ku-ukudalwa formwork

Uma angabekwa wayenza lukhuni phansi emseleni, kungenzeka ukuqala umsebenzi ukufakwa formwork. Ukusebenzisa intambo nezikhonkwane kufanele bachazele azungezwe we izakhi formwork, kulandela nezidingo iphrojekthi. Ngokusho azungezwe isisekelo nxazonke ukukhwezwa nezikhonkwane ezingamabhangqa nemigoqo. Evele, okuyinto ubuso isisekelo, zisuswe emgqeni umbhali ngu ibanga elilingana ukushuba we amabhodi shuttering. Nezikhonkwane kudingeka ukubamba phansi amabhodi, kuyilapho amabhodi iyoba isisekelo yokusekela. amabhodi Ngokhuni kufanele unamathele joists futhi ezigxotsheni, okwenza kokungathembeki esebenzisa izipikili. Ebusweni engaphakathi izihlangu Kumele uphinde ukuma sangaphandle base esizayo.

iseluleko kuchwepheshe

Uma ufuna ukwenza emva ukugaya ngokhonkolo, kubalulekile ukuze ubocoze emaphethelweni formwork kusukela yomdwebo elingu of 15 mm. Ingxenye engenhla Amabha ukusekelwa kumele ngaphezu kwalokho fixed esebenzisa zasesiteji. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka i-ibhodi, ubude baso akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-1.5 izikhathi kuqhathaniswa ukuphakama isisekelo. Omunye emaphethelweni kuzokwenza Abut engxenyeni engenhla kwebha ukwesekwa, kuyilapho ezinye - inhlabathi. Nge ukujiya enkulu isisekelo, lapho yokusiza ayikwazi ukumelana namandla, kumele kwenziwe kweqembu formwork webs olwengeziwe. Zenziwa wire-induku, okuzokwenza ukuxhumanisa amabhodi aphikisanayo.

Ubuciko ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kanye shuttering unomphela

Formwork for ukhonkolo kungenzeka unomphela, lobu buchwepheshe ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa namuhla ukwakhiwa kwezindlu. Ngakho izakhi formwork enze isendlalelo ukwahlukanisa. Izindleko umsebenzi kuyoba njengoba low ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba zabasebenzi kukhona azinakwa. Ngemva ekuqeqesheni nasekuqondiseni ungangenisi amanzi of isakhiwo isisekelo formwork ku isethiwe, okuyinto ine uhlobo enwetshiwe polystyrene bobunjwa. Ziqhutshwa ndawonye amaphrofayli. Ifomu uhlelo ukukhiya babe nezilimi inkatho, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ukuhlanganisa tincenye kanzima futhi ngaphandle izikhala. Kulesi ngakususi ngokugcwele kungenzeka kwema- isixazululo nesenzakalo of nokuwohloka ngesimo phansi uxhumano.

Decking angase abe ukushuba ehluke ngokuphelele, kodwa ezibhekwa amabhlogo ejwayelekile, lapho isikhala esingenalutho kokuba ububanzi 150 mm. Kulokhu nhlangothi zombili has a ungqimba polystyrene 5 7.5 cm. Lokhu kuyoba okwanele ngendlu kwaba efudumele ebusika futhi epholile ehlobo. Lapho izakhiwo zakhelwe of ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu on ubuchwepheshe formwork unomphela, ngemva obandayo ukhonkolo yamuva wathela. Uma sifinyelela ukushuba ungqimba 50 cm, impahla kumele uphawu isidlidlizi ezijulile.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuze ugcwalise formwork unomphela avunyelwe ukusebenzisa kuphela ukhonkolo, ukusetshenziswa ukuxubana efudumele kungenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ongaphakeme umusi permeability polystyrene, futhi Izingxube umusi efudumele permeability ngenhla. Uma ukhonkolo efudumele sandwiched phakathi izingqimba ukwahlukanisa, ngaphakathi bayozibuthela condensate ngesikhathi okuyinto ngempela kwakhiwa ukhunta kanye isikhunta. Lokhu ukhonkolo ubuchwepheshe kwagcizelela engabondli abakubo isidingo ukwahlukanisa eyengeziwe. Izindonga kumele lemva Ukwakheka zokuhlobisa noma sheathe zamapulangwe. Njengoba izinzuzo inkimbinkimbi indlela izenzo umsebenzi, izindleko ongaphakeme kanye akunasidingo ukwahlukanisa eyengeziwe. Kodwa le ndlu ngeke babe ikhono ukuphefumula.

Precast ubuchwepheshe ukhonkolo

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi izakhi ukhonkolo prefabricated wukuthi kungukuthi eqoqwe ezindaweni zokwakha kanye kule mboni. Lokhu kuvumela imikhiqizo ephakeme izinga. Ngesikhathi enza usebenzisa imishini ngomshini kakhulu futhi imishini ngokuzenzakalela. Intengo izakhiwo ezinjalo ingaphansi, njengoba yinkimbinkimbi inqubo lincishisiwe. ukhonkolo Precast is okwenziwe ikhumbula izindleko ezincane ukufakwa formwork, njengoba kulokhu, sihilela ukuphindwa.

Okuhlezi emqondweni izakhiwo zikakhonkolo zihlukaniswe amakilasi amane ngesivumelwano, okuyilezi:

• ngoba izindawo zezimboni;
• imikhiqizo Ukhonkolo kwimikhakha ehlukene;
• ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo civil kanye zokuhlala;
• izakhiwo zobunjiniyela.

ukhonkolo Precast ukusetshenziswa civil - ophahleni izitebhisi, panel, izinkundla, isisekelo zikasimende nodonga izakhiwo. Nokuba angasetshenziswa ezimbonini asetshenziswa kwagcizelela ikholomu ukhonkolo, umbhoshongo imibhobho yensimbi yokwakha izisekelo namatshe.

ukhonkolo Precast ngezandla

kudivayisi formwork kuyodingeka kwenziwe futhi uma ufuna ukwenza imikhiqizo yakho siqu ukhonkolo. Ngakho abanye master ekhaya babekholelwa ukuthi wachitha ngoba valve akudingekile, kusukela ukhonkolo isivele ine amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu nokwethembeka. Nokho, ngo-90% amacala izakhi yenethiwekhi ehlangana imithwalo, okungukuthi eqine futhi kokucindezelwa. Armature uzohanjiswa ukungezwani, singavumeli sinqamukile phansi isakhiwo. Ukhonkolo kuyoba kahle ukumelana imithwalo mpo kuphela uma kuzodingeka ifomu efanele cube, okuyinto kuphela azuzwe egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela.

isiphetho

Ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo ethela isisekelo kufanele kufake inhlonipho izithako isilinganiso. Ngakho, inani usimende, isihlabathi futhi amatshe kanje: 1: 3: 5.