Isilawuli Geodetic: izici

Geodetic uhlelo lokulawula kuyinto izilinganiso ngaphambilini izibalo uvumele ukulawula ngokunemba ukhiye imingcele weJiyomethri ngesikhathi kwakhiwa. Iphuzu eliyinhloko misebenzi - ukuhlinzeka zonke tolerances ezidingekayo namazinga eshiwo kumadokhumenti design.

Izici nezinqubo

Into lokulawula kungaba izakhiwo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izakhiwo ababeqondisa kanye nezokuxhumana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubo yokuhlola yakhelwe ukuqinisekisa izinga elifanele yokwakha kanye ukufakwa yonke imisebenzi. isilawuli Geodetic wenziwa phakathi nomsebenzi wokwakha, abese eqala ukuthi lezi nemingcele:

• ngokunemba nokubekwa kwezinhlaka, ukucwasana yabo kanye nemingcele Jomethri;
• ilungiselelo elifanele tonkhe tincenye isisekelo ukhonkolo phakathi nokufaka;
• afanayo izakhi ebizwa, ezifana amakholomu kanye amabhlogo, lobuchwepheshe izidingo imibhalo.

Iyini inqubo

Ukulawula izici ezingenhla wenziwa kubalwa eksisi izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka for ekhethekile kusetshenziswe ukuqondanisa imingcele. Kuze kube yimanje, amabutho kwemisebenzi yobunjiniyela kwenziwe ukubeka into ilawulwe izitembu akhethekile ozimele. Khona-ke ibanga elibahlukanisile kukalwa nge high-ukucacisa amathuluzi. Amanani okuholela ezilotshwe izingodo, ulwazi zazo uba isisekelo ngombiko. Imibhalo etholwe le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ugweme amaphutha kungenzeka ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo.

Lapho imishini wezokwakha isetshenziswa ngokugxila ewumngcingo, ephezulu ukucacisa sokulinganisa zomculo nezindlela ezikhethekile sibalo. Izinyathelo ezinjalo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuqapha ngokunembile isimo zonke izakhiwo wokwakha izingxenye.

izindlela

Ngu uhlobo imisebenzi yokulawula geodetic zingahlukaniswa zibe 2 izinhlobo: okuqhubekayo kanye endaweni. Indlela sokuqala sihilela kukulandzelela kwemalanga onkhe adingekayo imingcele yejeyomethri ezaziphase isakhiwo, futhi khona njalo ochwepheshe ku into. Lolu khetho luhle ngokwayo amaphuzu emikhulu izindawo, ezifana kweNkundla kanye naseduze ngaphandle ezinkulu zezitolo, lapho ivolumu lomsebenzi wezisebenzi adinga ukubhekwa unomphela.

Endaweni geodetic izakhiwo ukulawula kusho izilinganiso nemingcele zamanje edingekayo izinto kusayithi. inketho okunjalo kungafaneleka emqulwini abangelutho ngokwenani lomsebenzi wokwakha njengoba ikuvumela ukuba uhlinzeke kudingekile izinga izilinganiso ngaphandle edonsa izimali ezengeziwe.

Izinyathelo inqubo

isilawuli Geodetic ekwakhiweni kuhilela izici ezilandelayo:

1. Umsebenzi wokwakha ephelezelwa 2 izinyathelo. Eyokuqala libizwa ukulawula ukusebenza kanye waqaphela ukwakhiwa ngokufeza. Esesibili - amasheke indawo eyenziwa ngokugunyazwa ikontraga e inqubo ukwamukela umsebenzi Isakhiwo noma kwenye izigaba ukwakhiwa.
2. Imiphumela alotshwe inqubo control zokusebenza kufanele ukhonjiswe endaweni jikelele iphephabhuku amaphepha, nge inkomba oyisibopho izinombolo zokuhluka kusukela Ubukhulu, okuyinto ziyabonakala ku okusalungiswa.
3. Geodetic uhlelo lokuqapha kuhilela ukuqapha ngokunemba ukuthelwa izisekelo ukhonkolo. inqubo concreting landulelwa ukuqinisekiswa kuzo zonke izingxenye zaleli formwork nokuqiniswa. Ukulinganisa isikhungo ibanga izihlangu evele eyalo ilitshe; lapho isikhundla ukuphakama ilawulwa inqubo yokululama.
4. Hlola base ukusebenza ingilazi sidlula indawo zigxilé imigqa isikhungo. Control wenziwa indawo elibekwe-eksisi ngokuhlobene imigqa evezwe kusengaphambili.
5. Nesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo namazinga izinga ezilotshwe idokhumenti, okuyinto ngemvume omelele kokuqondisa lobuchwepheshe kulolu hlangothi, futhi ilungu ukukhweza omunye. Ukuze wenze sakhiwa isicelo layout izakhi, nge lapho ukulawula.
6. Inqubo ukwakhiwa amakholomu njalo kwandulelwe ekuhlaziyweni wezinsimbi sokuhambisana iphrojekthi yezindawo eziphakeme. Amakholomu eliqinisekisiwe usebenzisa yokululama ezilingene ovundlile.
7. Phakathi ukufakwa amayunithi control futhi kwenziwe futhi kuhlelwe ukubekwa yabo mpo. Isikhundla kuhlelwe sitholakala ngokuhlanganisa le-eksisi ne-eksisi amabhlogo wokwakha izindonga. On the amabhlogo mpo ihlolwe ngokusebenzisa yomthofu wokumisa noma ezingeni.

Ukulawula ukwakhiwa ephezulu liphumele

Eziphakeme izinto ngesikhathi ukulawula geodetic umthetho wodwana. Amaphutha enziwa esikhathini ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezifana kungabangela nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo. Deformation zezakhiwo kungadalwa amaphutha ekuklanyweni, imiphumela zemvelo nethonya isimo somhlabathi. Gxila ukuqapha izinqubo ukusonteka ezakha kuyingxenye ebalulekile Imininingwane uhlelo yezokuphepha asetshenziswe design.

Inhlangano lokulawula geodetic uqhutshwa ngendlela yokuthi ngisho at esigabeni ukuklama eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo uya ukulawula umsebenzi owawenziwa. Kuyakhiwa geodetic inkonzo onjiniyela kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nomklamo imibhalo. Ukungenelela ongoti iyadingeka futhi ngezinga elithile lapho wenza dolobha ukulungisa izakhiwo kanye kubulawa imisebenzi ukuze qinisa isisekelo. ukulawula imishini kulokhu kusekelwe hhayi kuphela e-technical kodwa futhi izici Geological isayithi.

imisebenzi Geodetic ekwakhiweni ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo abazenzi esikhethwe ezinhlanganweni imvume ekhethekile. Ochwepheshe yalezi zinkampani kufanele ngokukhethekile eqinisekisiwe ukuze bafeze imisebenzi efanele. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isakhiwo eliphezulu liphumele ngokuvamile kudinga umuntu geodetic ohlelweni lokuqapha.

Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso quality

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa udaba izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo izinga akunakwa owengeziwe. Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa nge namazinga ukwephulwa ngempela kuncike ekuguqulweni. Eyokuqala isinyathelo ukulawula izinga kuyinto wokuhlola engenayo. amasheke ezinjalo zonke izinto ezitholwa esakhiweni. Control kubonisa ukuhambisana nezidingo kwempahla ngemibhalo yomsebenzi, nokuthi banezinto izitifiketi ezidingekayo. Futhi, ukuhlolwa engenayo lembula ukukhubazeka akhicitwe nakuchubeka zokuthutha.

Isigaba sokuhlola yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi i-control zokusebenza. Umgomo wakhe - ukuthola nekugwema nokushintshashintsha inqubo ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi. Eyokuqala kunqunywa ukuthi ukusebenza iphrojekthi ekhona kanye nemiyalelo. yokuqinisekisa okunjalo is phansi inqubo umsebenzi, kuze kube athula futhi isitoreji izinto.

imisebenzi ukwengamela

Indima ebalulekile inqubo kokuhlola nemingcele weJiyomethri zezakhiwo udlala isilawuli geodetic izinga. Inqubo siqukethe kokuhlola plan idatha umthombo, ukuqapha isimo phakathi kwenhlangano, ehlaziya izici isakhiwo esiphelele. Ngokuhamba ukwakhiwa nazo ihlolwe nokuvikela izakhi umthwalo eziveza kwesakhiwo. Ukuqoqwa usebenzisa amathuluzi ohlola Kwenziwa kuphela kulezo zingxenye izakhiwo, esithinta ukunemba geometry yokumiswa efanele nezinye imiklamo.

ukwamukela umsebenzi

Inqubo ukwamukelwa isakhiwo siphelile senzeka ngesisekelo evunyiwe umsebenzi project. Ngaphambi yimuphi isidingo sokulungiselela lezi zincwadi ezilandelayo:

• imidwebo prefabricated;
• izitifiketi futhi passport imikhiqizo aphathekako;
• Imibhalo eqinisekisa izinga esebenziswe lapho kokufaka okudlekayo, ezifana electrode kanye iziqobosho;
• ukuhlolwa laboratory amalunga ashiselwe;
• isitifiketi eqinisekisa ziqu kwabasebenzi ezisebenza;
• imiphumela izilinganiso geodetic;
• imibhalo umhlangano futhi Welding.

Cishe isigamu we izingozi nezinkinga ekusebenzeni kwe izakhiwo kubangelwa iziyaluyalu inqubo ukwakhiwa. Eziningi zalezi ukukhubazeka kukhona ngaleso sikhathi, futhi kule nqubo ye ukuxhashazwa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko lokulawula geodetic zezakhiwo iyona kusenesikhathi kanye nokuvinjelwa yokulimala inqubo ukwakhiwa.