Uhlu amaphutha, okuvimbela ukusebenza imoto. Izinhlinzeko kube obuvumelana nokuthi izimoto isebenze

Technical ukuphepha imoto - esimweni imoto lapho ingozi ukulimala noma umonakalo okungenzeka umuntu ilawula bona, noma abanye, kuyehla kube okungenani.

isiqondiso wezomthetho ukuphepha izimoto

Ukuze siphephe kakhudlwana traffic ezingeni zomthetho, inqobo uhlu amaphutha kanye izimo unqabela ekusebenzeni imoto ngaphansi kwazo. ubudlelwane Legal endaweni we Russian Federation neziqondiso zilawula State isibalo Standard 51709 2001. SDA unamalungiselelo elawula imvume ukwamukelwa izindlela, futhi uhlu ukulimala ezenza izimoto ezingavikelekile umshayeli nabanye.

Ngo-2011, uKhomishane we Customs Union, njengoba sivunyiwe ngu iziqondiso emkhakheni wokuphepha ekhishwe isondo izindlela. Lokhu Regulation okunezela uhlu lokunemphilo, unqabela ngaphansi okuyinto ukusebenza kwezimoto SDA Kazakhstan, Belarus ne-Russian Federation. Regulation yakhelwe abakhiqizi futhi umisa nenqubo ngempela esiqinile ngoba izinyathelo yekwentiwa abagibeli futhi abantu izinyathelo zokuphepha elawula imoto noma.

Ngakho, kuze kube manje, ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa ukuziphatha emigwaqweni futhi ukuqinisekisa isimo okuthembekile lobuchwepheshe sokuphepha yezokuthutha.

izimo zokusebenza kuhlinzekelwe ngumthetho

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kuhambisana izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingwa bamaqembu abambe iqhaza nokunyakaza ibangelwa kulandela kwezinkambiso nemigomo ebekiwe ngumthetho.

Izinhlinzeko kube obuvumelana nokuthi izimoto ukuze usebenze kuphela ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa imoto eya endaweni ngaphansi kwale mibandela elandelayo:

• zemoto angangabazeki amaphoyisa omgwaqo kanye isitatimende ku-akhawunti, izimoto esetshenziswa bakwamanye amazwe kumele lazi ngayo amasiko iziphathimandla;
• ukutholakala ukubhalisa amapuleti, olunikezwa umthetho;
• izidingo yezobuchwepheshe ukuze uthole ingxenye TC kumele ihambisane zonke izimiso nemithetho kuhambisana yokuphepha emigwaqweni;
• ukuba khona izindawo amabhande abagibeli emabhasini ukukhonza nemizila interurban;
• kumelwe nakanjani kube enamathiselwe kwesihlalo-ibhodi imoto;
• Izimo ezikhethekile ukubeka phambili amatekisi kanye nezimoto ngoba nokufunda ukuhamba;
• zisesimweni lobuchwepheshe ezinhle futhi amasignali isiqu esifanele lembhali kufanele abe amabhayisekili amabili futhi nezinqola zamahhashi okuthiwa ama- ;
• lapho ethwele elihlangana nezimo kuyadingeka ukuze abone, futhi elihlangana esintamo liyadingeka ilandela izilinganiso zikazwelonke;
• ungene imoto liyakushunyayelwa emakwe efakwe isikhundla mshini.

Ukugujwa izimo ukushayela elikhulu kufanele ukuqapha hhayi kuphela abashayeli, kodwa futhi izikhulu ophethe komzila womgwaqo noma ingxenye yayo. nezimfuneko ezithile ifakwa phambili ezifana izinsizakalo imoto, njengoba amabhasi komgwaqo. Uhlu amaphutha, okuvimbela idedela imoto endleleni, futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe abasebenzi asimeme wamabhizinisi ukuthi afeze zokuhamba. Ngaphambi kokushiya qiniseka ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa wezokuThutha ukuze uvikele ukwephula imithetho yokuphepha okukhulunywa ke endleleni.

Amaphutha lapho ukusebenza eminye Akwamukelekile

Uhlu amaphutha okuvimbela ukusebenza imoto iqukethe izigaba ezimbili.

1. Amaphutha okungathi besendleleni eya, kodwa nabo ungaqhubeka ukushayela. Umonakalo onjalo kumelwe kususwe ngokushesha, lapho sizokwazi: maphakathi isevisi, noma ukuthatha ekhaya.
2. Iloli okuyiwona ukhiphe amanye womgwaqo, ngoba kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina.

Amaphutha evumela ukuhamba endaweni ukulungiswa

SDA ukuvinjelwa Russian ku ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ukwethula umonakalo elandelayo izindlela:

• amabhuleki;
• uhlelo lokuqondisa;
• ukukhanyisa Ingaphandle;
• I-ingilazi futhi stekloomyvatelnye amadivayisi somoya;
• amasondo kanye amathayi;
• motor;
• nezinye izingxenye.

uhlelo unyathela amabhuleki

Ububi uhlelo ukubopha iyona okweqa umgwaqo ibalwa ucwaningo unyathela amabhuleki ibanga. ubude bayo ngamamitha isethelwe imodi yezokuthutha ngamunye futhi kumele ithobele GOST. Izibalo idatha lihlanganise deceleration izinze.

Ngakho, ibanga unyathela amabhuleki, isibonelo, izimoto ayikwazi ukudlula 12.2 m. TC ngaphambilini eyakhishwa ngonyaka 1981, leli nani lenyuka laya ku-14.5 m. Okwehlisa imoto anjalo kufanele kube hhayi ngaphansi kuka 6.8 m / s ^2, futhi onobuhle amadala, ngokulandelana - hhayi ngaphansi kuka 6.1 m / s ^2.

Uhlu amaphutha nemibandela unqabela ngaphansi okuyinto ekusebenzeni ukubopha uhlelo, futhi kuhlanganisa ukunikezwa kwe-stroke isinyathelo, okhombisa ukubopha actuator depressurization, ukwanda imvume izindlela futhi ukwehluleka lokunye uhlelo yokupaka ukubopha (uma akaqinisekisi baxhashazwe phezu enalokho kuthambekela).

eliphethe

Kuhlelo ayo ukuqinisekisa degree of ayo kubalulekile, shayela i-indlela impendulo. Ngakho, ukuthutha abantu Ukujikeleza enjalo angeze yadlula-ke izinyathelo eziyishumi, emabhasini kanye lorries - ngokulandelana 20 degrees 25.

ukusebenza ayifakiwe uma izinguquko mshini yokusebenza, nenkanuko edlulele okunganele, ukufuduka izingxenye nemikhulu.

Ukungabi noma ukwehluleka kudivayisi, ukhulise amasondo ayo, futhi ukuvala amathuba uhambo.

yangaphandle Lights

Uhlu amaphutha okuyiwona imoto kungavunyelwe ukusebenza kuhlanganisa ukuhlukumeza ku uhla, reflectors namanye amadivayisi. Libuye khona engamukeleki yezinye izindlela, ngaphezu esungulwe design lobuchwepheshe (kulesi simo asisebenzi izimoto, izingxenye zazo ayisekho ekhiqizwa). Ukukhanyisa akufanele sonakaliswe noma esetshenziselwa amanani elingacacisiwe.

amabhikhoni abhanyazayo kumele ibekwe imoto kuphela ngokuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho.

Futhi ama-apharathasi for ingilazi stekloomyvatelnye

Lezi zici kufanele ibe seyisebenza ngokugcwele futhi ngendlela efanele ukufakwa. Kungenjalo, umshayeli ubeka wena kanye nezinye sina traffic ingozi, ngoba ngesikhathi kwezulu ukubonakala endleleni zimbi kakhulu, futhi ebumnyameni - cishe zero. Lapho iphutha itholwa emvuleni noma iqhwa, kutuswa ukuba amise imoto bese ulinda sezulu ukuthuthukisa.

Lapho ushayela kuzwe imigwaqo ezimanzi noma ezinothuli indima ekhethekile kudlalwa yidivayisi stekloomyvatelnye. umshayeli ngamunye kufanele iqaphe njalo ezingeni okusamanzi omyvatelnoy, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ukungezwakali kwawo, futhi ukujikeleza izimbuku imoto emgwaqweni ingilazi kuyinto ezingcolile kakhulu, sebenzisa Wiper ukususa qwembe kuchubekisela isimo kuphela.

Amasondo futhi amathayi

Uhlu amaphutha, okuvimbela ukusebenza imoto uphoqa abanikazi imoto ukukhetha amathayi ngokuvumelana ezokuthutha design, ukugxila ukuphakama iphethini yimpandla, ubukhulu bayo kanye umthwalo umthamo.

Awukwazi ukusebenzisa exfoliating, amathayi ezilimele, amathayi intambo uyembulile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuchaza kahle isondo, ekuvimbeleni umehluko iphethini yimpandla kwenye axis.

Ngokuqondene namasondo, kumelwe babe abaphile khulula umonakalo kanye imifantu. Akuvunyelwe kungekho fasteners.

motor

Depressurization nokwephulwa eyodwa yokuqinisekisa fuel, ukungasebenzi fuel fuel engayitholi izinhlelo and qeda amagesi awavunyelwe imoto. GOST ubeka mkhawulo okuqukethwe compounds eziyingozi e amagesi.

nezinye izingxenye

Uhlu amaphutha, okuvimbela ukusebenza imoto, futhi kuhlanganisa:

• ukwephulwa isignali alalelwayo, sivala;
• kungekho izibuko, Coir izinto, amabhande lwesikhathi;
• kunokushoda kwezimali ezosizo oluphuthumayo, umlilo isicisha-mlilo, isixwayiso unxantathu;
• khona izinto noma ezinengilazi ukuthi kube nzima umshayeli.

Izijeziso ngenxa yokwephula izidingo ngenhla

Endabeni ukulawula imoto okungenhla iloli isikhulu uzakuba nelungelo nginilethe i isigwebo zokuphatha.

Ngokwehluleka ukuhambisana nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho nomuntu ushayela imoto, kungenzeka inhlawulo ruble kuze kube anamakhulu mahlanu noma kungagcini isixwayiso ngamazwi.

Protocol iphoyisa inhlawulo kungenziwa inselele enkantolo, saveza ukuthi ukulawula imoto nge ukungasebenzi lapho ukusebenza kungavunyelwe, kwakudingekile ukufinyelela indawo ukukhanda, futhi kwasungulwa umonakalo emuva kokusuka kusukela iphuzu Ukuhamba.

Lapho ukuphathwa imoto, lapho ukukhanya noma amadivayisi umsindo, ukukhanyisa amabhikhoni nezinsiza zomphakathi ukuthi kuvunyelwe kuphela sezinhlobo ezithile ezokuthutha, abekwa izikimu noma kahulumeni izimpawu, umshayeli angase bancishwa amalungelo.

Ukufakwa ngaphandle kwelayisensi itekisi isithonjana esithola esihle ruble 5000.

Amaphutha lapho intuthuko eyengeziwe akunakwenzeka

5 SDA aqukethe amaphutha, okuvimbela ukusebenza imoto.

1. akusebenzi ngendlela efanele uhlelo unyathela amabhuleki.

Kusobala ukuthi uma ungakwazi ukumisa imoto ukunyakaza eminye kwenkulumo ngeke siye.

Ekukhombeni ukuhlukumeza okunjalo unswinyo ezisemthethweni kakhulu. Ngakho, i-ejensi umsebenzi womphakathi awukwazanga kuphela inhlawulo, kodwa futhi ukususa umshayeli ukushayela imoto futhi athathe izinyathelo ezifanele ukuze kuqedwe non-ukusebenza kahle imoto emgwaqeni, bayiphathe ngendlela ebekiwe.

2. Izinkinga ohlelweni ayo.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukulawula steerage kumele ngokushesha ayeke ezihambayo, uma ungakwazi ukuqeda umonakalo on the spot, shayela iloli donsa.

Ukuze uvimbele ukuhluleka enjalo, kufanele ngokushesha afeze wokuhlola kohlelo ayo ukuze ochwepheshe, ngoba indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

3. Izinkinga drawbar.

Ngesikhathi izinsolo kancane ukungasebenzi ngesikhathi yokudonsa kuyadingeka ukuze ayeke ukuhamba. idivayisi okunjalo kumelwe sinamathele ezindinganisweni embusweni, njengohlanga trailer noma ezinye imishini towed bathinteka kuyingozi kakhulu endleleni.

4. Esikhathini uhlu amaphutha imoto, ngoba owawenqabela ukuze ukwazi ukuqondisa imoto nge ukuvinjelwa ukunyakaza eminye, ingxenye yokuntuleka ukukhanyisa izakhi, noma ukulahleka ukusetshenziswa ngenxa iphutha noma lapho isibani ngomlilo.

Lolu hambo kufanele okwesikhashana, futhi imoto kumele zisuswe endleleni esikhathini amnyama kosuku noma ezimweni yenkungu. Uma kwehluleka kwenzeka e sezulu ecacile, izimoto hhayi akuvumelekile.

kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ukungabi khona ukukhanyisa ohlangothini umshayeli. Lapho engaphelele headlight kwesokunxele kufanele kube emgwaqweni ngokushesha.

5. Idle Wiper ohlangothini somshayeli ukuze sezulu esibi.

I motion ingaqhutshezwa lapho sezulu uhlaliseke.

Uma sicabangela ingozi lenyuka emigwaqweni kungavunyelwe ukuziba izinyathelo zokuphepha operation imoto. Lokhu can hhayi kuphela kuholele unswinyo yomphakathi, futhi kwaba nemiphumela emibi nakakhulu.