Uhlelo iningi - ekunqobeni iningi

Modern umthetho-sisekelo unikeza uhla yomphakathi, indlela kutsi basebentise lilungelo labo ezomisa iziphathimandla State. Lo mphumela liye labizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokhetho, uzwakalise kwelinye izinhlobo zezimiso: yiningi, ezilinganiselwe noma oxubile.

Uhlelo iningi namuhla - uyisibonelo encomekayo kakhulu uma kukhethwa nabameleli bohulumeni, ekhona emazweni asethuthukile. Ngezinye kwesisekelo salo akhiwa ezimele eCanada, e-US, e-Australia, eJapane nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Uyini elikhangayo futhi ukusebenza zalolu hlobo?

Majoritarian uhlelo ukhetho - essence typology.

Yiningi lamavoti - ukuthi lo mthetho main ukusebenza uhlelo lokhetho. Eqinisweni, i-majoritarian uhlelo ukhetho ubeka ukuthi kuzoba khona kufanele banikezwe uMthetho-sisekelo noma umthetho ukhetho inani amavoti kumholi othize lapho isiphakamiso ngeke yamukelwe iningi electors.

Yisho inani ngamavoti kakusiyo ngephutha. Kuye-ke, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu lolu hlobo ukhetho:

• Iningi ngokuphelele - ngokuvumelana ikhandidethi yakhe kokuthunyelwe kuyothathwa kuqokwa uma kuphela esimweni lapho samukeleka kuye ebengakhipha izwi kwesigamu sabantu kokuba ilungelo lokukhetha, plus oyedwa;
• iningi elingaphansi kukahhafu - ukhetho ngaphansi kwalesi sikhwama kusho khona yiningi amavoti kunamanye ukhetho;
• iningi afanelekayo - umthetho wezwe elungisa ngokucacile umbundu, ukuzuzwa okuyinto anele ukunqoba ukhetho.

Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi akukho esiphelele sazo okuhlukile umthetho omkhulu izinombolo uthi. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo asabela ngayo angefani noma ukhetho emazingeni ehlukene. uhlelo Majoritarian evumela izenzo ezinjalo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emagunyeni aphakeme. Isibonelo esimangalisayo "ingxubevange" zezinhlobo lokuqala nelesibili is kokuqokwa njengomholi we-France. Umjikelezo wokuqala kubhekwa kudingekile kuphela uma umfundi uzuza inombolo ngokuphelele wamavoti. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, nxazonke yesibili ke izobanjelwa phakathi abazobhapathizwa, ukuthatha indawo lokuqala nelesibili, ngokuvumelana isihlobo iningi uhlelo.

Uhlelo iningi - umphumela kuyadida phezu ukusebenza kahle. Izinzuzo kungenziwa ngokuphepha isibaluli ukusungulwa isimo nzile ezimbili - ezintathu ohlelweni party. Kodwa ethile eziqine kungenzeka indiva umbono wokuthi ingxenye labantu ukuthi ezathi aziwuthandi amakhetho bangaphandle.

Majoritarian kanye ezilinganiselwe izinhlelo zokhetho - iphuzu kwehlukana.

Siyini uhlelo iningi, okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla. Ngokulinganiswa ezilinganiselwe uhlelo ukhetho kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi, ngokungafani kuya wokuqala, kusekelwe kukhethwa umuntu othile ongenele ukuhlolwa kanye party. Izazi eziningi zomthetho nososayensi zezombusazwe bacabange ukuthi kwaba ngaphansi ezilinganiselwe uhlelo lokhetho kudalulwe ngokugcwele ibalazwe sokhetho isimo. ukungqubuzana Obalulekile nge uhlelo iningi olunzulu ivoti count nokuzimisela inani isabelo ukumelwa kuhulumeni.

Uhlelo iningi ayinakho t. N. "I embundwini ukhetho." Ngokungafani nalo, ezilinganiselwe ezimweni eziningi namanje ichaza uqobo. Kodwa lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umbhalo emizimbeni akhethwe amaqembu kanye lamalungu azimele angenele ukhetho, ogama isisindo empilweni zezombangazwe liphansi kakhulu.

Naphezu umehluko izinqubo zabo, izinhlelo majoritarian kanye ezilinganiselwe yokhetho ngokuvamile usebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo, yakha uhlobo subtype - a okuxubile uhlelo lokhetho. Lokhu Symbiosis is ekubeni bahle ngokwengeziwe amazwe kabani indawo ecebile izindawo zokuhlala compact abantu abathile.

Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo iningi uvezwa njengoMahluleli iqoqo izindlela ukhetho lapho umfundi kufanele azuze ukusekela kwezingxenye iningi labavoti. Lolu hlelo uphelele okhethweni kuphela emelelwa iziphathimandla zomphakathi (isibonelo, uMongameli wase-France, noma amalunga e-US), kodwa enezinto eziningi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki abalulekile uma kukhethwa emizimbeni collective (iPhalamende noma umkhandlu wendawo).