Amalungelo, inkululeko nemisebenzi yomuntu. Izibopho zezakhamuzi zaseRussia Federation

Umqondo jikelele wamalungelo abantu uchaza, okokuqala, ukuba khona komuntu ngamunye wezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo, okungukuthi, idatha evela emvelweni ngokwawo, amalungelo kanye nezakhiwo. Kodwa umsebenzi womuntu kakade umphumela wesikhungo esimisiwe samalungelo nenkululeko. Iqiniso lokuthi umuntu ukhona, wazalwa futhi uhlala kuleli zwe, ukwanele ukuvela kwamalungelo. Futhi amazwe asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwawo aqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo nenkululeko izohlonishwa futhi ivikelwe.

Kwakungenxa yokufeza lo mgomo oyinhloko ukuthi abantu ngokwabo badala isikhungo sombuso kahulumeni nesifundazwe. Umuntu nombuso yiwona oyisisekelo sezesayensi yomthetho kanye nefilosofi yomthetho, kanye nesisekelo senhlalo yomphakathi. Kulungile ukuvikela izakhamizi zabo, izintshisekelo zabo nenjabulo ukuthi namuhla kunezimo zenkululeko. Futhi igunya eliphakeme kufanele likhumbule ukuthi kulokhu ukuthi impumelelo nokuchuma komzimba wonke omkhulu-umphakathi kanye nezwe-kuxhomeke.

Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yomuntu nesakhamuzi yavela kanjani?

Amalungelo esintu ayisisekelo ahlelwe isikhathi eside, futhi abizwa ngokuthi "amalungelo emvelo". Kodwa, ngokuthakazelisayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo emvelo, okungukuthi, endaweni engokwemvelo, umuntu ushiyelwe esimweni sesiphetho futhi akanalo lutho ngaphandle kokuzivikela. Amalungelo abantu, inkululeko nemisebenzi iphakama, noma, okungcono ukusho, ingavela kuphela uma kunenhlangano noma umphakathi. Ngaphandle kokubambisana komphakathi, endaweni engokwemvelo, umuntu kufanele avikele yonke imininingwana yemvelo yakhe yemvelo ngokuzimela, eqala ngokuphila kwakhe. Kwakungenxa yalo mgomo oyinhloko umphakathi owaqala ukwakha ngokomlando. Mhlawumbe, akuhlali ngaso sonke isikhathi, hhayi yonke indawo futhi awuyikufeza ngokuphelele lo msebenzi oyinhloko, kodwa namuhla isintu asikaqali esinye isikhungo esisebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola okuthile kuhulumeni, okungukuthi ukuphepha kwawo, umuntu, naye, kumele anikele okuthile ngokubuyisela. Lona umthelela futhi wakha isisekelo somqondo onjalo ngokuthi "imisebenzi eyisisekelo yomuntu nesakhamuzi" phambi kwezwe eliqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwakhe.

Ngakho-ke "amalungelo abantu"?

Uma sibheka ngokujwayelekile futhi ngaphandle kwezincazelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, amalungelo ethu ayisisekelo yilokho esingenakukukhipha noma angenakukulahla. Lona uhlobo oluthile lwengxenye engabonakali yithi nje ngoba sizalwa ngabantu. Ngabe ngubani osebenzisa lokhu okunikeziwe kungenye indaba. Umsebenzi wombuso nezikhungo zawo ukuvikela lezi zedukhumenti zemvelo nezendalo. Amalungelo omthethosisekelo, inkululeko kanye nemisebenzi yomuntu akuyona nje isethi okungahleliwe kanye nenhlanganisela yemithetho yama-amorphous, kodwa yakha uhlelo oluhlangene oluhlanganisa zonke izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu nezibalulekile zokuphila komuntu nomsebenzi wakhe ngethonya lakhe lokulawula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ezenhlalakahle, ezombangazwe, ezomnotho, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimfanelo zomuntu siqu nezingokomoya.

Ubukhosi Bamalungelo Esemqoka Abantu

Ilungelo lokuphila ngenkululeko yokubusa ngentando yeningi yiyona ilungelo lokuqala nelinhloko lomuntu. Ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, noma ubani emhlabeni angathatha impilo yomunye umuntu. Ukuphela okunye kungacatshangwa ngaphandle kokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni, ngoba kulokhu kuyisivikelo salo ilungelo lomuntu siqu lokuphila. Futhi-ke kudingeka ube namandla okuhlola nokucabangela isimo, uma usongo lungokoqobo, futhi kwakukhona umzamo wokuphila, hhayi kunoma yini enye. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, umthwalo wemfanelo ukhona futhi isilinganiso sokujeziswa sinqunywa. Ilungelo lokuphila lilandelwa ngamanye amaningana amalungelo angabanikazi futhi angenakunyakaziswa kuwo wonke umuntu. Amalungelo abantu kanye nemisebenzi zifakwe emthethweni wesisekelo kwanoma yimuphi umbuso. Akuzona nje abantu, noma ezemvelo, kodwa nezombusazwe, ezenhlalakahle, kanye namalungelo kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi nezomnotho kanye nezenhlalo kanye nenkululeko.

Ubudlelwano bamalungelo ngemisebenzi

Ngakho-ke, umuntu uthola isivikelo sikahulumeni futhi angenza ngokukhululekile, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuphila kwakhe futhi athole amanye amathuba amaningi. Kodwa uma sinenkululeko eyodwa, kwenzeka kanjalo, thina ngokweqile sizenzele ngokwethu komunye. Ngamanye amazwi, wonke amalungelo atholakele kuhulumeni nokuvikelwa kwawo kuhlanganisa ukufakwa komsebenzi othile kumuntu. Ngakho-ke, amalungelo nemisebenzi yomuntu ahlale ehlangene. Ngomqondo othile, ukushaja uhulumeni ngokuzivikela ngokwakho, umuntu uvumelana nenyunyana ethile nalo mbuso futhi uba yisakhamuzi saso. Futhi manje isakhamuzi sinomthwalo ezweni lakhe, eliqukethe usizo nokubandakanyeka ngqo ezindabeni zombuso. Isibonelo, ukukhokhwa kwezintela eziphoqelekile, insizakalo emabutho ahlomile, njll.

Ukuxhumana kwezakhamizi nezwe

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuxhumana okuqondile nezwe, kunezici ezikhethekile emalungelweni avikela izakhamuzi zawo. Njengoba uyazi, injabulo yalomunye wethu ixhomeke enhlalakahleni nasempumelelo yayo yonke into esisizungezile. Kubandakanya lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke umhlaba. Inkululeko nokuchuma kwezwe kuhlanganisa inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi zayo kanye nenkululeko enkulu yomuntu ngamunye. Yilo kuphela izwe lapho iningi lazakhamuzi zalo lihlala khona ngobuningi, futhi hhayi ekupheleni kobumpofu kuyoba nocebile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izwe elinjalo alikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Futhi umlando ubonisa ngokucacile lokhu mkhuba. Ukuxhumana komuntu nesifunda kuvela ngokuzalwa. Ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshe ubuzwe bukhona, kodwa akuyona umphakathi futhi kudinga ukuhambisana nenqubo yonke nokugcwaliseka kwezidingo eziningi. I-Citizenship Institute yindlela elula kakhulu, futhi idinga isihloko esihlukile sokucwaninga.

Imisebenzi yomuntu wombuso nomphakathi

Ngokuvamile namuhla bakhuluma ngamalungelo, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile azikhulunywanga ngokuningiliziwe ngokuningiliziwe. Kodwa kufanele uvume ukuthi ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yomuntu wonke yisakhamuzi yindlela ewukuphela kokuqinisekisa ukungaphuli kwamalungelo abanye abantu. Muva nje, kusuka kuyo yonke indawo, iziqubulo kuphela zizwile ukuthi "wonke umuntu unelungelo". Kodwa ngenye indawo lamalungelo kufanele aphele, ngaphandle kwalokho esinye sezilinganiso sizowa, kanti ukulinganisela okubucayi kokuvumelana komphakathi kuzophulwa. Futhi ukuphela kwamalungelo abantu lapho amalungelo ezakhamuzi zakanye aqala khona. Futhi kuvela ukuthi umphakathi omningi, inkululeko encane yento. Isikhala somuntu siqu sivala umuntu ngamunye. Kodwa imithwalo yemfanelo ephathelene nokuhlonipha amalungelo abanye, kanye nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yabo emphakathini omkhulu othuthukile ukwanda ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke kuvela manje ukuthi imisebenzi yendoda ye-RF yenza abantu bakhononde ngempilo yabo, kodwa umuzwa wokuthi izwe likhathalela wonke umuntu, ukuvikela izithakazelo zalo nezidingo eziyisisekelo, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile kancane kancane. Ngesinye isikhathi inhlamba yokuthanda izwe ithinta lokhu, kepha ukugeleza kokuphila kungaphakamisa le mibuzo njalo.

Isimiso sokuqala sokuvikelwa komthethosisekelo

Imisebenzi yomthethosisekelo yomuntu ingeyona into edingekile, kodwa ukuziphatha okuphoqelekile. Futhi emphakathini womphakathi, lapho amalungelo omthethosisekelo ezakhamizi asebenza khona , amalungu awo onke kumele ahambisane nemithwalo yabo yemfanelo ngenxa yokusebenza okuvamile kwabanye abalingisi kulo mphakathi. Futhi maqondana namalungelo abantu, izibophezelo zomuntu ziqondakala futhi zibophezela izifaniso zamalungelo nenkululeko ezihambisana ngokuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ngamanye amazwi, uma umuntu enelungelo lokuzicabangela ngokwakhe, okufanayo nakwezinye. Futhi lemingcele ayikwazi ukuphulwa. Lesi simiso sifana kakhulu nomthetho wokuziphatha - yenza njalo nabanye abantu ngendlela ongathanda ukuphathwa ngayo nawe. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nalomthetho kubangela ukuvela kwezinkinga eziningana kanye nezinhlekelele esingazigcina nsuku zonke, hhayi kuphela ezindabeni, kodwa nasezinsukwini zethu zansuku zonke.

Ububanzi bamalungelo nemisebenzi buxhomeke kuphi?

Ububanzi bamalungelo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yomuntu ngamunye ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi. Isibonelo, ekutholakaleni kobuzwe, iminyaka nobulili bomuntu, izici zezempilo nemibandela yokusebenza. Amalungelo nemisebenzi yezakhamizi zaseRussia akufanele kube khona lapha. Okunye okudinga ukuvela kumuntu, okungaphezulu kunakho futhi kuphakamisa isikhundla sakhe emphakathini. Ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla zomphakathi zihlale ziphethe imithwalo yemfanelo ngaphezu kwezizakhamuzi ezivamile. Kodwa amalungelo namathuba omsebenzi womphakathi ancane kunomuntu ovamile. Lokhu kubhekisela ukunyakaza kwamahhala, ilungelo lokuba nemagugu ebonakalayo, njalonjalo. Lokhu kungukuthi, lesi simiso singaboniswa ngendlela yokuthi umuntu olula angenza konke okungavunyelwe ngokuqondile ngumthetho kuleso simo. Kodwa lesi sikhulu asinelungelo lokwenza noma yini engayinqunyiwe ngqo emthethweni. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nalesi simiso njalo kuhlanganisa ukwanda kwenkohlakalo, ukuthunjwa kwamandla, ukwephulwa kwemithetho kanye namalungelo ezakhamuzi ezivamile.

Iziqinisekiso zombuso ekuvikeleni izakhamizi

Enye iphuzu elibalulekile esihlokweni esithintekayo lapha kuyindlela yokuvikela amalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu. Lena indlela yomthetho yokusebenzisana komnikazi wamalungelo nenkululeko nenhlangano yombuso efanele. Njengoba umgomo oyinhloko wesimo esithuthukile namuhla ukuvikela amalungelo ezakhamizi zawo, indlela yokwakhiwa komthethosisekelo kanye nokuvikelwa komthetho wuhlelo lonke lwamandla wombuso ogama lomsebenzi akuyona nje ukulandela umthetho kodwa nokuvikela amalungelo omphakathi ngokulandela inqubo enqunyiwe yokuvikela, kanye nelungelo kuwo wonke umuntu Ukuvikelwa. Izihloko zomthethosisekelo weRussian Federation ziqukethe uhlelo lonke lokuqinisekiswa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo kanye nenkululeko evamile, kokubili jikelele nasemphakathini. Konke lokhu kuyisimiso semigomo, izimiso, izimo kanye nezidingo, okuphelele ekuqinisekiseni ukugcinwa kwamalungelo, inkululeko kanye nezithakazelo ezifanele zabantu abathintekayo.

Amathinta ambalwa omlando. Okokuqala kwakukhona igama

Ezikhathini ezahlukene zomlando, kuzo zonke izifunda zikhona, futhi kuze kube yilolu suku zikhona amasethi ahlukahlukene amalungelo namalungelo omthetho wabantu bazo. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuqondisisa yisimo somuntu emphakathini, kokubili esimweni esingokomlando futhi kuqhathaniswa namazwe amaSulumane namuhla. Imodeli yanamuhla yokuqonda ukulingana kwazo zonke izakhamuzi zombuso wentando yeningi iqala ukwakha eYurophu phakathi nokuvuselelwa kwekhulu le-XVII-XVIII. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi womuntu uphelelwa isisu. Ukuqonda kwezenkolo kushintshwe kancane kancane ngokuziphatha ngokweqile ngisho nangamafilosofi. Umsebenzi wezazi zefilosofi kanye nososayensi, owakhiwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uhlaka lwezimfundiso zezombangazwe nezomthetho, wabeka isisekelo sezwe jikelele kanye nokuphakama kwamalungelo abantu phezu kombuso, amandla nakho konke okunye okuthandwa yibo ngabanye kanye nemibono.

Ukusetshenziswa komqondo

Kodwa okwamanje babengamazwi nje. Umzwelo wesidingo sokuhumusha la magama ezweni eliphucukile lazizwa ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ukwamukelwa kwemibuthano eminingi yezizwe, izivumelwano nezivumelwano, ukuvela kwezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuvikela imithetho emisiwe eqale ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwamalungelo nenkululeko yabakhamuzi. Umlando wesigamu sesibili wekhulu lama-20 uye washintsha kakhulu ukuqonda kanye nesimo sengqondo kulezi zindaba ezifanayo. Kodwa le ndlela yaba yinkimbinkimbi kangangokuba ukuphumelela kwempumelelo nokuqashelwa kwamalungelo esintu yemvelo kusaqhubeka nokubangela ukungezwani, izingxabano ngisho nomzabalazo ongenangqondo enkundleni yezombangazwe. Imisebenzi yomuntu, njengoba ishiwo ngaphambili, ihlobene ngokuqondile nalokhu. Phela, ukwamukelwa kanye nokusayina kwemigomo ekuvikeleni kwamalungelo esintu akukona isiqinisekiso sokuthi lezi zimiso zizophoqelelwa kusukela ngosuku olufanayo kulo mbuso. Futhi ukuletha ukuqonda izimiso kuzo zonke izakhamizi nakho akuyona into elula ukuyenza. Futhi emibuthanweni lapho amandla kanye nokubusa kwemali, ukuletha amaqiniso okukhanya mayelana nokuvikelwa komuntu ovamile kanye nesigaba sakhe siqu kuye kwaba nzima nakakhulu. Yilokho okwenzekayo kithi.

Amalungelo omthethosisekelo nemisebenzi yabakhamuzi baseRussia

Amalungelo omthethosisekelo yiwona amalungelo aphezulu kunabo bonke abantu. Ziyingcosana, kodwa yingxenye enkulu yawo wonke amalungelo ohulumeni abenza ukuvikela ngokumelene nezakhamizi kanye nabantu ngokubanzi. Izwe ngalinye lichaza isethi yamalungelo anjalo ngokwayo. Kodwa kungenxa yabo ukugweba izinga lentando yeningi nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifundazwe. Umthethosisekelo weRussia Federation ulungisa zonke izinsizakalo eziyisisekelo, ezamukelekayo nezihlonziwe zomthetho njengezibopho, amalungelo nenkululeko. Ukujuliswa kwamalungelo nenkululeko yabakhamuzi ezindaweni ezithile sekuvele kusungulwe emigatsheni ejwayelekile yamagatsha afanele omthetho. Izincazelo eziningiliziwe nezinkinga zenqubo nazo zishicilelwe emithethweni eminingi.

Imiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa izakhamizi zaseRussia?

Imisebenzi yomthethosisekelo yomuntu iphinde ibe nemigomo yomthetho oshiwo nguMthethosisekelo weRussia Federation mayelana nesilinganiso sezinto ezingenakwenzeka nje kuphela, kodwa ukuziphatha okufanele komuntu wonke ohlala futhi enze emphakathini onikeziwe. Kungcono ukujwayelana nabo ngokuqondile ngesenzo esivamile, kepha ukuqonda okuphelele kuwanele ukukhuluma ngokuyinhloko: umthwalo wokugcina izihloko zomthethosisekelo weRussian Federation, ukuhlonipha nokuphulwa kwamalungelo nenkululeko yabanye izakhamuzi. Ngokukhethekile izakhamizi zokuvikela izwe lakubo, kanye nokukhokhwa kwezintela nazo zonke izinhlobo zemali yomuntu noma ubani ohlanganyela emisebenzini ethile ensimini yombuso noma ngokuphathelene nawo. Imisebenzi yomthethosisekelo iphinde ihlanganise imisebenzi emphakathini: isidingo sokuthi okungenani sibe nemfundo ejwayelekile eyisisekelo, ukuhambisana nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imvelo, ifa lomlando kanye namasiko omphakathi. Ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi kukhokhwa emthethweni omkhulu wokunakekela izingane nezakhamuzi ezikhubazekile. Uma wonke ilungu lomphakathi likhumbula ukuthi kufanele lenzeni, futhi kuphela - lokho anelungelo, umphakathi uzozuza kuphela kulokhu futhi uzophumelela.