Train - Iyini? Yiziphi imibono yabo

Train - uhlobo ezokuthutha esetshenziswa abakhileyo CIS kaningi uma kudingeka bahambe ngaphandle endaweni yabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi ngaphambi kokusungulwa wojantshi ngezwi "isitimela" ngokuthi enye indlela ezokuthutha. Ake sithole ukuthi siyini, futhi kancane bajwayelane umlando izitimela, imibono yabo.

Train - ke ...

Namuhla, leli gama libhekisela isitimela izimoto eziningana exhunywe esitimela, okuholela lonke isitimela kunyakaza. Njengomthetho, isitimela "inhloko" (ekuqaleni) futhi "umsila" (ekupheleni), zombili izinhlangothi ehambisana ngumuntu esitimela. Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi we amakhanda manje ungenisa izinqola, indawo "ikhanda" futhi "umsila" ka isitimela kungashintshwa.

By the way, akubona bonke uyazi, kodwa ngisho esitimela ngaphandle izimoto exhunyiwe kuwo futhi libhekisela welithi "isitimela".

Esikhathini CIS, inombolo isitimela, ukugwema ukudideka. Izimoto futhi uthole inombolo, futhi zihlala zinjalo ngisho uma ushintsho "inhloko" isitimela.

Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isitimela" esikhathini esidlule

ERussia, igama elithi "isitimela" yavela kuneNingizimu sonke isintu beveza nojantshi. Ezinsukwini wayeneminyaka igama hide, ehlanganisa umucu namakalishi abalandelanayo (ebusika - isihlibhi). Lezi izitimela yayisetshenziselwa ukuthutha amalungiselelo nezikhali zokulwa, kanye abahwebi, ukuze izimpahla zabo kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye.

Njengoba sekunama-wojantshi abantu evamile of the Empire, isiRashiya, izwi zaqala ukusetshenziswa njengoba igama kokubili esitimela futhi kuye ngokuhlanganyela izimoto. By the way, izimoto ngokwabo ekuqaleni wabiza nabasebenza.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngomqondo ofanayo, igama elithi "isitimela" namuhla isetshenziswa kuphela ngesikhathi mkhosi lomshado. Ngakho sikubiza udwendwe onesizotha of umkhwenyana, kulandela endlini bakamakoti, ukuthi ungamthatha esontweni noma ebhukwini ihhovisi.

Umsuka wenkulumo ethi

Ibizo "isitimela" - igama bomdabu Russian ukuthi kwamiswa kusukela ibizo "Ukugibela", kanti ngaphambi kwalokho - kusukela "Ukugibela" nesenzo (ukuhambisa ngosizo imoto).

Isenzo esifanayo babukhona nakwa-Proto-Slavic ulimi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu-ke lasinda Ukrainian yesimanje ( "їzditi"), Belarusian ( "ezdzіts"), isi-Bulgari ( "yazdya"), IsiCzech (jezdit), isiPolish (jeździć) nezinye izilimi Slavic.

I ujantshi kuqala uMbuso Russian

EYurophu, ogibele isitimela sokuqala Septhemba 1830 baseYurophu Olungokoqobo uqala kuhle ngokushesha baqaphela elula kanjani futhi ezisebenzayo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, indlela entsha ezishibhile zokuthutha, futhi ngokushesha endaweni laligcwele emazweni eziphambili kakhulu nojantshi net.

ngemva kweminyaka embalwa isitimela sokuqala iye waqala, kuba nesithakazelo, futhi izakhamuzi zalo mbuso isiRashiya, futhi waqala umsebenzi ukudalwa esitimela lalo.

Kakade 1836 umzamo wokuqala ukubeka isitimela ujantshi, Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi esikhundleni esitimela umusi edonsa izinqola isitimela amahhashi usetshenziswe. Ngemva kokuhlolwa yimpumelelo e-1837 kwamiswa ngesitimela Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo, okuyinto ukusebenzisa kujantshi elakhiwe ngokukhethekile kuye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi injini for ukuhamba izitimela esetshenziswa kuphela ngezimpelasonto, futhi phakathi nezinsuku esikhundleni ingxenye zenqola uyisidala edonswa komzila zamahhashi.

Kuhle kokusho ukuthi ukuboniswa kuqala ngempumelelo ujantshi namakhono ayo nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni lokhu ingqalasizinda kuwo wonke umbuso, futhi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu entsha eRussia lezwakala lonke inethiwekhi nojantshi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo izitimela e CIS

Ukwahlukanisa izitimela ezenziwe ngezizathu ezahlukene. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi isitimela kungokwalabo yiluphi uhlobo, udinga ngokucacile ukwazi kwakhe isivinini, ubude, isisindo, ububanzi, umzila kanye nohlobo wezimpahla.

• Ngokusho ijubane isitimela yilezi: kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-50 km / h) isivinini (140 km / h), isivinini eliphezulu (200-250 km / h) nokusheshisa (akukho isivinini ngqo, kodwa ihamba ngokushesha futhi ijubane elisheshayo, ongaqhubeki abagibeli) .
• Ngu obuphelele - ngokuvamile ngaphandle iziqu dlinnosostavnye, ubude anda futhi wajoyina izitimela eziningana.
• Uma kuqhathaniswa isisindo - superheavy futhi kwanyuka (amathani 6000).
• Ebangeni - suburban, distal (150 km), oqondile (kulandele imigwaqo engaphezu kwemibili), lendawo (ngaphakathi endleleni efanayo kulandelwa esingaphansi 700 km), sisaqhubeka nokuzama, Precinct (uya komunye esiteshini kwenye), amaqembu ( ukuletha izimoto eziteshini ezahlukene).
• Ngu uhlobo izitimela wezimpahla kukhona umgibeli wezimpahla (zokuhweba) wezimpahla, gruzobagazhnymi, leposi kanye wemithwalo nezempi.
• Ngu njalo: ehlobo, yesikhathi esisodwa, unyaka wonke.

"Zemininingwane" imigomo "esiteshini": yini ukuhlobana okukhona phakathi kwabo?

Uma ucabangela isihloko izitimela, awukwazi ukucabanga into okuthiwa "esiteshini". Nakuba zikhona eziteshini zamabhasi, umfula, ulwandle, emoyeni (zezindiza), ngokuvamile kakhulu ezingqondweni zezakhamuzi zakulesi umqondo ke buhlobene eduze zinomsebenzi kwaloliwe. Iqiniso lokuthi ehamba ngesitimela nanamuhla eshibhe futhi kulula kakhulu ukufinyelela kuwo ngoba abantu cishe kuwo wonke amazwe lapho kukhona ujantshi.

Station kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izakhiwo, eyakhelwe abagibeli inkonzo futhi wemithwalo ukuhlunga. Ezibekwe amaphuzu ezibucayi elandelayo ezokuthutha (in the case of wesitimela - emadolobheni amaningana ezinkulu).

Ngu isiko, iziteshi Ngeke nje ahlale phansi noma usathola zokuthutha, kodwa futhi ukuthola isitimela amasheduli, ithikithi ehhovisi ibhokisi, shiya imithwalo yakho egumbini isitoreji, ukuya ethoyilethi noma adle at a cafe wendawo. Futhi, iziteshi eziningi anemisila yabagibeli, ukuzilibazisa amakamelo (noma ehhotela), lapho umgibeli ngamunye kungaba ulinde isitimela sakho noma uphumule futhi iqalele kabusha.