"Thor" Inethiwekhi: kanjani ukuyisebenzisa?

Njengomthetho, abanye abasebenzisa i-Internet ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ozama baqinisekise ubumfihlo, ngakho-ke njalo ubuyekeze izindlela eyinhloko anonymization traffic kusuka ku-intanethi ukuthi ayatholakala ukuze lusetshenziswe abasebenzisi abavamile. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke i-VPN kungamsiza ekuxazululeni le nkinga, kodwa le ndlela kubonakala zingavumi wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa mayelana Tor - engaziwa inethiwekhi basakaza.

Ngakho-ke yini inethiwekhi "Thor"

Namuhla e RuNet, leholele lokulawula isimo futhi kokuqina isikhundla maqondana abasebenzisi abavamile, kumayelana isiphetho esizayo Tor futhi lezi ummeleli CGI. Abezomthetho bebelokhu bezama iyakwenqabela inethiwekhi "Thor", ukubuyekezwa okuyinto omuhle kakhulu. Esikhathini abezindaba kukhona kakade ulwazi mayelana "ukuvinjelwa Tor» ngesikhathi isiphakamiso wevikeleko Russian. Ngokwesibonelo, "Izvestia" iphephandaba iqukethe zithinta ngqo yokuthi namuhla kukhona izikhulu zokuphepha isiphakamiso lokuvala izinhlelo azifihla inethiwekhi yomsebenzisi.

umkhandlu womphakathi ngalesi FSB uyazicabangela isiqondiso ezidingekayo wezomthetho imisebenzi izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye nabantu ku-intanethi. Ngakho wakha isiphakamiso isidingo ukuvimbela anonymizers - izinhlelo imaski idatha kanye ne-IP ikheli.

Uma isinqumo senkantolo uzobe intuba yokungena abasebenzisi isayithi ethile, abasebenzisa anonymizer usazokwazi ukuvakashela isayithi (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa usesho lewebhu "Thor"). Isibonelo, abasebenzisi bevela eChina Belarus ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngokuvakashela amawebhusayithi uvimbelwe neziphathimandla zendawo.

Ukunikeza wevikeleko kusikisela isofthiwe ukuvinjelwa noma iziphequluli, ezakhiwe anonymizer (inethiwekhi inthanethi ye "Thor", isibonelo). Ngaphezu ukumaska amathuluzi zihlanganisa futhi amaseva web. Lokhu amasayithi azimele wodwa, lapho abasebenzisi ungazulazula kwenye IP-ikheli le- indawo ivinjiwe. Kukhona inkomba yokuthi isichibiyelo kanje bangawenza umthetho kahulumeni.

Kuze kube manje, isikhundla isimo kule ndaba engakaze kunqunywe ngokugcwele.

Kungani sidinga kule nethiwekhi?

Kungani kudingeka kunethiwekhi "Thor" umsebenzisi evamile futhi abavamile?
Uma ucabangisisa, zonke izakhamuzi, ukuba aphule umthetho kumele ucabange: "Kungani kufanele ngicashe internet usebenzisa anonymizer? Angizange ngihlele ku izenzo ezingekho emthethweni - nokugenca amawebhusayithi ukusakaza i-malware, iphasiwedi kwemifantu, njll "Nakubukwa jikelele, lo mbuzo ungaphendulwa kanje: ezinye amasayithi anokuqukethwe thwebula, ivinjiwe ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ezingafinyeleleki ..? iningi abasebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abaqashi Sinqanda ukufinyelela emininingwaneni yokuxhumana nokuzijabulisa nomphakathi nezinhlelo izinsiza "Thor" -nets enza kube lula ukugwema lemithetho.

Nokho, lokho kungase kubangele futhi umbono yokuqala kanjiniyela eyodwa software khulula Tor, okuyinto azazisa lapho kuxoxwa naye.

umbono uchwepheshe

Kungani yokufihla iyadingeka ukuze abavamile abasebenzisa i-Internet, okuyinto by ncazelo akukho engikufihlayo?

Into wukuthi "lutho" - ukuthi akusona isizathu sokuba GCWELE ENGAMELA BONKE yokwenziwa umsebenzisi ku-intanethi nge nezikhungo zomphakathi. Kulezi izakhiwo usebenze izakhamuzi ezivamile kakhulu siholwa kufunda nakubhala ukuba ababhalele enye ezingasebenzi izakhamuzi imithetho. Uma abantu abafana into ngeke uthanda, kufanele uchithe imali, isikhathi kanye nezempilo ukuze afakazele ukuthi akanacala nemiphumela engalindelekile. Kungani sidinga Entweni enkulu kangako enjengokufa uma kukhona iyithuluzi elingeyona inkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe, okusekelwa abanye abantu, ubuqili ngaphezulu.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kanye igama lomsebenzisi uvikelekile ezihlola izincwadi ngo inethiwekhi ezingeni wombuso. Kufanele ngicabanga ngumhlali abavamile, isayithi ungakwazi manje ziwela ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa isinyathelo iphini Ivanov? Akuyona indaba a we-MP, ikakhulukazi uma akasoze kwenziwe aziwayo, kwabanye amasayithi namuhla waya isakhamuzi at intando.

Ngakho kungenzeka ukuba singaphethi ngokuthi umbuzo "kungani sidinga Tor» lithole impendulo ephelele. Manje singakwazi ucabange izinto ezingokoqobo kunethiwekhi kudivayisi Tor nokuthi ifakiwe futhi amisiwe kukhompyutha yakho.

Inethiwekhi "Thor": indlela yokusebenzisa

Tor - kuyinto uxhaxha lwemihubhe virtual evumela ukuthi umsebenzisi indlela engcono kakhulu ukuvikela ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka ku-intanethi.

Umgomo we operation Tor: isofthiwe uxhuma ikhompyutha yomsebenzisi kunethiwekhi ngokuqondile, kodwa ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge amakhompyutha ambalwa ngezikhathi ezikhethiwe (ukuphinda), okuyinto futhi basonta inethiwekhi Tor.

Zonke bathunyelwa idatha ye-inthanethi usebenzisa i-Tor kukhona engaziwa (umthombo kufihlwe) futhi sihlale ngekhodi ubude lonke phakathi kwekhompyutha yomsebenzisi kanye edluliselwe zokugcina. Uma idatha esithunyelwe kusuka edluliselwe zokugcina futhi ithunyelwa yokugcina uya khona indawo, idatha usuvele evulekile, njengenjwayelo.

Lapho uthumela imininingwane eyimfihlo, njenge gama lomsebenzisi noma iphasiwedi ukufinyelela isayithi, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho olandelwayo HTTP.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvela kule nethiwekhi engaziwa, esakuthola amasevisi imfihlo American. Kwasukasukela kwakukhona ukugcwaliseka iphrojekthi spyware, kamuva waba nedumela elibi. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "isibhakabhaka Vula" futhi ngasizathu simbe ofuna ukuphumela obala, lalisongwa esikhathini esifushane. Ngemva kwalokho, yonke idatha senethiwekhi ezimele, ezifana ikhodi yomthombo, sebevele domain yomphakathi. Ngokolwazi iqembu isinyathelo ukudala umphakathi, amalungu alo ochwepheshe emkhakheni we-Inthanethi kanye mahhala waqala ukudalwa inethiwekhi yayo siqu, hhayi elawulwa kusuka ngaphandle. Lokhu senethiwekhi ezimele ebizwa i-Onion router, okusho, olimini Russian "onion router". Yingakho uphawu inethiwekhi "Thor" iyona logo isithombe onion ama. Lokhu kuchaza igama isimiso anonymizer - uchungechunge ISIZINDA kanye nokuxhumana, okuholela ekungeneni kakhulu uwedwa, kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe nge onion izingqimba. Isebenza inethiwekhi ngendlela yokuthi amaphuzu ekupheleni uxhumano ngeke isebenze ukufaka.

Nokufaka Tor

izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene kusukela Tor-iphakethe etholakalayo thwebula kusuka indawo esemthethweni iphrojekthi. Ekhuluma inethiwekhi "Thor", indlela yokuyisebenzisa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kukhona isofthiwe iphakethe Tor-lesiphequluli. Akudingi ukufakwa futhi kuhlanganisa isiphequluli. Ngokuvamile kuba Mozilla Firefox. Isiphequluli isethwe kusengaphambili ephumayo ephephile nge Tor inethiwekhi ku-Internet. Udinga nje ukulanda iphakheji, unzip ifayela futhi ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo Tor.

Ukusebenzisa Tor Brouser Bundle

Emva ukulanda Tor Brouser eyinqwaba software iphakethe inhlangano ufuna ukulondoloza kwi "Ideskithophu" noma USB. Ngokuvamile, inketho okunjalo kuyinto elula lapho isixazululo compact uma ufuna Boot kusuka flash Tor.

Ukukhuluma ngendlela ukuya "Thor" inethiwekhi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umsebenzisi kufanele abe endaweni lwemibhalo equkethe amafayela amaningi. Omunye wabo -. Leli fayela uqale Tor isiphequluli noma "Running Tor isiphequluli" Kuya ngekutsi umuntfu okusebenza isetshenziswa.

Ngemuva kokuqala Tor Brouser eyinqwaba Uhlelo umsebenzisi kuqala butawetfula Vidalia futhi uxhumano kunethiwekhi Tor. Ngemva lokhu kwenzeka ebaleka isiphequluli ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa Tor okwamanje. inethiwekhi Tor ilungele ukusetshenziswa.

Iphuzu elibalulekile: isidingo ukusebenzisa isiphequluli ukuthi zahlanganiswa ne Tor, kunokuba isiphequluli yomsebenzisi siqu.

Isiphequluli Tor (Mozilla futhi Torbutton i-plugin) eseyibonisile izilungiselelo for ephelele-JavaScript mthetho kulungiselelwa ku-https nezinye izinketho for ephephile ukuxhumana Inthanethi.

Ukuze umsebenzisi isilinganiso iphakethe software ukhetho best ngokusebenzisana Tor.

Kukhona inguqulo umile yokumiswa Tor. Lokhu uxhumano lwe "Thor" usebenzisa Vidalia Polipo Tor inhlangano.

Nasi isethaphu isibonelo-Windows 7

Udinga ukulanda uhlelo kusuka kusayithi Tor-project futhi wenze ukufakwa yayo kukhompyutha yakho.

Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi Kwenziwa kuphela Mozilla plug c Torbutton. Uma ngabe le-plug-in kuyoba kungavumelani inguqulo yesiphequluli Mozilla, udinga ukusebenzisa jikelele FOxyProxy Eyisisekelo.

Namuhla Tor Onjiniyela banganikeza for thwebula amaphakheji -bundle (Vidalia Ibhuloho eyinqwaba noma Vidalia edluliselwe eyinqwaba). Sinenkosi kakade kanye ne izilungiselelo "amabhuloho" noma "sidlulisele".

Isidingo izinguquko ezengeziwe ezifana kungenzeka kuphela kubasebenzisi abanama ama-ISP ukuvimba inethiwekhi Tor. Lokhu izilungiselelo BRIDGE ongasisiza uma okuzenzakalelayo "Thor" ayixhunyiwe inethiwekhi.

ukumiswa Ofanele Tor

Uma umsebenzisi ufuna ukuba yingxenye Tor okhishiwe kufanele uzijwayeze edluliselwe izilungiselelo (edluliselwe).

Uma ngabe umqondisi wakho ISP noma uhlelo uvimbela ukufinyelela isayithi Tor, uhlelo uqobo angacelwa nge e-mail. Lapho lesi sicelo senziwe kuya ibhokisi leposi Gmail, awudingi ukusebenzisa ama-e-mail esisogwini Russian lesizinda khulula.

Ukuze IsiZulu Tor isiphequluli iphakethe-Windows udinga ukuthumela i-imeyili gettor@torproject.org. Kulo mbiko wena akudingeki ukubhala amafasitela izwi kuphela. ensimini "Isihloko" kungaba ukungabi nalutho.

Ngokufanayo, indlela ongakwenza Tor isicelo isiphequluli for MAC OS. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bhala "macos-i386". Uma une-Linux, udinga ukubhala "linux-i386" endabeni isistimu engu 32-bhithi noma "linux-x86 64" I-64-bit izinhlelo. Uma ufuna elihunyushwe nguqulo ye Uhlelo Tor, bhala isidingo "usizo". Empendulweni yakhe uyonihola futhi uhlu lwezilimi etholakalayo.

Uma Tor isivele ifakiwe kodwa ayisebenzi ke kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.

Ngo operation evamile uxhumano, uma ayixhunyiwe inethiwekhi "Thor", ungazama okulandelayo: Vula «VIdala Control Panel", chofoza "Ngena Imilayezo 'ithebhu bese ukhetha" Izilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe ". Izinkinga yokuxhuma Tor kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

1. Vala iwashi uhlelo. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa lesifanele ngosuku sekhompyutha nesikhathi, futhi wenze ukuqalisa phansi Tor. Ungase udinge ukuvumelanisa iwashi uhlelo nge server isikhathi.

2. Umsebenzisi ngemuva kwesibhulamlilo. Tor ukusebenzisa izimbobo 80 futhi 443, kuzomele uvule «VIdala Control Panel", chofoza "Izilungiselelo, futhi Inethiwekhi" bese usetha umkhaza eduze eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "firewall wami ikwazisa kuphela kimi ukuxhuma nezimbobo ethile". Lokhu kuzosiza ukuba usethe inethiwekhi "Thor" futhi lona ukusebenza ngokugcwele.

3. Tor ekuvimbeni ngu anti-virus egciniwe. Sidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe unqulo wesi arab kungaphazamisi Tor ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi.

4. Uma ungakwazi ukuxhuma kwi-computer inethiwekhi 'Thor', kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi anonymizer ivinjiwe ISP. Kuyinto ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuhambahamba ngosizo Tor amabhuloho ukuthi udlulisela ezinzima ukukhiya kufihlwe.

Uma ufuna Imbangela ayikwazi ukuxhuma Tor, kubalulekile ukuthumela Onjiniyela i-imeyili futhi unamathisele help@rt.torproject.org ungene Imininingwane log.

Uyini Ibhuloho nendlela ukuyithola

ukuthola kuqala kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngokuphathelene nalokho ebhulohweni. Kungenzeka ukuba bridges.torproject.org. Ungase futhi uthumele i bridges@bridges.torproject.org. Ngemva ngokuthumela incwadi, qiniseka ukuthi incwadi ebhaliwe, «Thola amabhuloho». Ngaphandle kwale kuyofika incwadi impendulo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi Dispatch kufanele kube ne gmail.com noma yahoo.com.

Emva kokuhlela amabhuloho eziningana "Thor" inethiwekhi ziyoba okuvamile, noma ezinye amabhuloho azisatholakali. Akekho oqinisekayo ukuthi kwebhuloho isetshenziswa namuhla, kusasa Uyosebenza. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Ukuvuselela njalo uhlu amabhuloho.

Isetshenziswa njengesici kwebhuloho

Uma kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amabhuloho amaningi, kufanele uvule "Control Panel VIdala», chofoza "Izilungiselelo" bese "Inethiwekhi" bese usetha umkhaza eduze eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "My-ISP amabhlogo ukuxhumeka kunethiwekhi Tor." Okulandelayo, faka ohlwini amabhuloho. Bese uchofoza "OK" bese uqalisa phansi Tor.

Ukusetshenziswa proxy evulekile

Uma ukusetshenziswa kwebhuloho baba yize umthofu, udinga ukuzama Tor kulungiselelwa lapho esebenzisa i-HTTPS noma SOCKS proxy ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi Tor. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho uma Tor sikhiyelwe inethiwekhi yendawo yomsebenzisi, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ngokuphepha evulekile iseva elibambayo ozoxhuma kuyo.

Ukuze umsebenzi okunye kufanele kube ukumisa Tor / Vidalia futhi uhlu https, socks4, noma ummeleli socks5.

Kuyadingeka ukuba uvule «VIdala Control Panel" bese uchofoza "Izilungiselelo".
ngokuchofoza Okulandelayo kuthebhu "Inethiwekhi", khetha "ngisebenzisa i-proxy ukufinyelela ku-intanethi."

Esikhathini "Ikheli" field, faka ikheli le-Open proxy. Lokhu-IP ikheli noma igama proxy, bese ufaka port proxy.

Ngokuvamile-ke akudingi ukwethulwa igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Uma kusadingeka, kufanele afakwe emkhakheni ezifanele. Khetha "i-proxy uhlobo" njengoba http / https noma socks4, noma amasokisi 5. Chofoza "KULUNGILE". Vidalia Tor futhi manje banenketho ukusebenzisa proxy ukufinyelela lonke inethiwekhi.

Isayithi manje kungenzeka ukuba uthole Tor kukhona neminye imikhiqizo eminingi ehlukene yezinye wokusebenza (Mac OS, Linux, i-Windows). Ngakho, injini yokusesha on inetha "Thor" ingasetshenziswa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa yiphi idivayisi ukuvakashela Inthanethi. Ukungaboni ngaso linye kuphela kube isithako nomuthi othile ngokuphathelene nezici a OS ngokwezifiso.

Kukhona kakade ukusebenza isixazululo ukusetshenziswa Tor omakhalekhukhwini, isibonelo i-Android. Lolu khetho isivele ihlolwe futhi wabonakala kahle ngempela, ngeke kodwa jabulani. Ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela iqiniso lokuthi iningi labantu sishukumiseleka kusukela computer tablet elula engasindi.

Tor uhlelo ukusetshenziswa Smartphones

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, kukhona izilungiselelo kungenzeka Tor kudivayisi ne yesikhulumi Android. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usethe iphakethe ngokuthi Orbot. Incazelo ukulanda ke lapho indawo Tor.

Futhi, kusekhona amaphakheji lokuhlola Nokia futhi Apple iOS. Nokho, ngemva kokuxilongwa kanye ukuhlela kabusha ukuthela iyithuluzi elihle ukuqinisekisa yingqayizivele inethiwekhi, kuqinisekisiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela umkhankaso eziningana Tor CGI okuvota, ezifana imisila. Lokhu Linux-based system yokusebenza esinikeza engaziwa futhi evikelekile surfing inethiwekhi. Isayithi "Thor 'linenani imikhiqizo ezokwenza tinteresny umsebenzisi.

Tor Lisenza ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi kufihlwe kubasebenzisi. Kungenzeka, ngaphandle kokuvula IP-ikheli lakho, ukunikeza Web-iseva SHH-server.
Kuyacaca ukuthi inkonzo enjalo ayisekho cela umsebenzisi, nakuba lolu lwazi itholakala kusayithi Tor kanye iziqondiso zendlela ukusesha "Thor" -network.

Lawa kwakungamadodana ulwazi main ephathelene nale anonymizer edume kakhulu futhi kahle. Kuze kube manje, kunethemba lokuthi abasebenzisi bazokwazi ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi Tor kukhompyutha yakho bese usebenzisa i-inthanethi iphephile futhi engaziwa uwedwa.