Stylistics - stylistics kuyinto ... ngesiNgisi. Isitayela isiRashiya

Stylistics - Iyini? Impendulo umbuzo uthola ngezinto olunikezwa sihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizokutshela ukuthi isigaba kanye nesitayela izigaba khona isiRashiya, ukubukeka eningiliziwe kweyesi-izitayela lasetjentiswako ngesiNgisi.

Uhlolojikelele

Stylistics - igatsha wesayensi yezilimi, noma ukuyalwa philological ukuthi izifundo izimo okuhluke kakhulu futhi izimiso lokuzikhethela ulimi yokuxhumana, kanye nezindlela inhlangano emayunithi elulwimi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigabeni ikhomba umehluko izimiso ethulwa, izindlela ukusetshenziswa izitayela.

Kukhona division elandelayo isiyalo philological, efana isitayela: lokhu kungumnikelo izihloko etemibhalo namalimi wemiphakathi. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi amagama subtypes ayibonwa ngokusemthethweni.

Ngakho, ngokolimi isitayela kwesigaba uhlola zonke inkulumo izitayela ukusebenza, futhi etemibhalo - izifundo izifundo, uhlelo kwezithombe, sakhiwo, njll umkhiqizo eyodwa ..

Asinakusho ukuthi stylistics esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile isiRashiya kuhlobene eduze kwezinye izingxenye Yiqiniso ngale ndaba esikoleni. Ngokuqondene nalokhu cwaningo ke ngokuhlukile igrama futhi Leksikhografu theory engasebenzi. Phela, bakhonza njengezikhonzi uhlobo isisekelo kwebalingisi kwezinsiza namalimi wemiphakathi.

isigaba esikhulu

Manje uyazi ukuthi isitayela. Lena legatsha ekhethekile wesayensi yezilimi, esesikhundleni kule mikhakha elandelayo:

• lwezendlalelo;
• isitayela;
• kuyinsakavukela wesitayela;
• staining wesitayela amayunithi namalimi wemiphakathi;
• izindlela ukuhlanganisa yokukhuluma namalimi wemiphakathi.

izigaba eziyinhloko

Izigaba main zinikezwa isiyalo:

• isitayela letikhetfwe etheksthini lephelele;
• stylistics theory;
• isitayela kwamayunithi (noma okuthiwa isisetshenziswa isitayela);
• stylistics okusebenzayo;
• stylistics izinhlobonhlobo ukusetshenziswa isiRashiya (noma okuthiwa kwesigaba obusebenzayo).

stylistics ngokolimi

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, stylistics of isiRashiya ngokwethukela selihlukene laba izifundo etemibhalo namalimi wemiphakathi. Lesi sakamuva lonke isayensi yokukhuluma izitayela. Utadisha amathuba ahlukahlukene kolimi, okungukuthi, ekhululekile, kuchumana, kuhlola, engqondweni yethu, ngokomzwelo futhi zisebenza kahle. Ake sicabangele ke kabanzi. Ngoba lesi sici isiRashiya pay esikhathini esiningi enkulu ohlelweni esikoleni esiphakeme.

Izitayela inkulumo ukusebenza

stylistics Russian usibeka izimfuneko inkulumo nokubhala. Kule ndaba, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ulimi lwakubo has izitayela ezinhlanu ezinkulu, okuyilezi:

• umcwaningi;
• Elementary;
• isikhulumi;
• ibhizinisi esemthethweni;
• Art.

Ukuze unombono ngayinye, sibheke kubo kabanzi.

isitayela yesayensi

Lesi sitayela inkulumo enezinto eziningi izici ezifana uhlamvu Monologue, kusengaphambili, ukukhethwa eqinile izindlela kwezilimi izitatimende, kanye inkulumo kwesejwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, imibhalo efana ngokugcwele nangokunembile ukuchaza wonke amaqiniso, okubonisa zonke izimbangela nomphumela ubudlelwano phakathi izenzakalo ezithile, ukukhomba amaphethini nokunye.

indlela levamile

Lesi sitayela obusebenzayo yokukhuluma ezisetshenziselwa zokuxhumana olungekho emthethweni noma ngokwethukela. It libhekene exchange of ulwazi nezindaba zomndeni, ukuveza imicabango noma imizwa yabo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-inkulumo enjalo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa isichazamazwi eyayivame.

isitayela lesibonwa

It is ikakhulukazi elisetshenziswa izihloko ezihlukahlukene, ama-eseyi, imibiko, skits, izingxoxo, kuyilapho ubugagu , nokunye. Cishe njalo isitayela lesibonwa esetshenziswa ukuthonya abantu ngokusebenzisa omagazini, amaphephandaba, umsakazo, ithelevishini, izincwajana, emaphosta kanye nokunye. It libhekene silulumagama onesizotha, phraseology, amazwi ngokomzwelo icala nemishwana Verbless, sebenzisa imisho emifushane, "oqoshiwe" nephrozi, imibuto lengafuni mphendvulo, ezinikezwa, enjabulo, kanjalonjalo.

isitayela Esemthethweni sebhizinisi

Lesi sitayela yokukhuluma, okuyinto ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe ubudlelwane esemthethweni (umthetho, kwamaZwe, umkhakha lempi, emnothweni, kwenkululeko ukukhangisa, umsebenzi kahulumeni, ukukhulumisana izikhungo ezisemthethweni, kanjalonjalo.).

art isitayela

Lesi sitayela inkulumo esetshenziswa izincwadi. Muhle ngempela nethonya elikhulu ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese umcabango umfundi ngokugcwele lidlulisela imicabango lombhali, bese isebenzisa ukujula silulumagama, inkulumo libhekene imizwelo kanye isithombe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungenzeka ezinye izitayela esetshenziswa therein.

Stylistics njengendlela isiyalo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lesi sigaba saziso ingxenye yezifundo zezikole. Nokho, amahora ambalwa ukuqeqeshwa akwanele ukuhlola ngokugcwele izici isitayela isiRashiya. Yingakho uhlelo ezinye zemfundo ephakeme nge ukuchema kuzo zezenhlalakahle ivuliwe inkambo efana "Isitayela nokuhlela imibhalo." Umgomo wakhe - ngijwayele imibuzo ezincwadini isiyalo, kanye ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okungokoqobo ukusebenza yombhalo othile.

Stylistics we IsiZulu Ulimi

Ukuze kuzuzwe ephakeme kakhulu ezingeni lolwazi elilodwa noma olunye ulimi angaphandle, kuphela ezimbalwa kahle imitsetfo yeluhlelo eziyisisekelo, kanye afunde emakhulwini ambalwa noma izinkulungwane amazwi. Phela, kubalulekile ukubazi kahle ubuciko ekhethekile - "ukukhuluma". Kuze kube yimanje, enkulumweni yakhe, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa hhayi kuphela zonke izinhlobo temasu ekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukusebenzisa kahle izitayela ezithile yokukhuluma.

Yini temasu ekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi akhona ngolimi lwesiNgisi?

Ukufinyelela ezingeni isilinganiso isiNgisi, ngifuna ngcono ezingasho. Kodwa lokhu kudingeka ufunde ukuba ukuqonda kahle futhi uzizwe angaphandle. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kufezwa ngokushintsha ukuqhathanisa nokuhlaziya. Ake sihlole ndawonye lokho temasu ekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi yasetshenziswa esiNgisini:

• Izingathekiso. Lokhu kuqhathanisa ezifihliwe. Isetshenziselwa lapho abanye into noma umuntu kuthiwa wenziwa ngempela eyinqaba kuye izinto. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bagcine ukudluliselwa izakhiwo ezithile ngesisekelo ukufana. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni izwi «izinkanyezi» zisebenzisa «esiliva uthuli», esikhundleni «ilanga» - «Pancake» nabanye.
• Epithets. Le ndlela igcizelela izinga kokunikelwayo umuntu noma into, bese siveza incazelo (isib usawoti izinyembezi, uthando lweqiniso noma ulwandle elikhulu).
• Qhathanisa. Le ndlela inikeza into eyodwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze sithole umehluko nezinye nakusoleka. Ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa e isiphakamiso, kubalulekile ukuba banake amazwi ezifana «sengathi», «efana», «njenge ...», «njengoba zingathanda nokukhumbuza ka», «ezifana», «wafana» nokunye.
• Tiga tenkhulumo. Izindlela ezinjalo yokukhuluma kusebenza uma noma yiliphi igama esikhundleni ngomunye, okuyinto efana ngaphezulu incazelo (isib «umqhele» futhi «inkemba»).
• Antonomasia. Lokhu metonymies ekhethekile uhlobo libhekene esikhundleni amagama efanele.
• Euphemisms kanye asebenzisa. amasu anjalo ngolimi lwesiNgisi asetshenziswa kaningi. Izindlela lokuqala nkulumo isetshenziswe ukuphungula ezinye umqondo, kanti eyesibili ubuyisela amagama lezinto traffic achazayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ekhombisa izici alandisa.
• Ihaba. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ngokoqobo unezimfanelo (ie ukukhululwa ngamabomu). Nge hyperbola azisoze imiva kanye imiva izitatimende ezilandelayo: owakutshela izikhathi 100 noma abawubonanga iminyaka eminingi.
• Bokungafani. Ukuze uthole indlela enjalo ebonakala juxtaposition imihlola ezimbili noma izinto (omnyama nomhlophe noma manje noma ungalokothi).
• Indida enkulu. Le nqubo efihla okushiwo amazwi eqiniso. Okungukuthi, isilaleli, umbukeli noma umfundi kufanele ukuqagela ukuthi yini owahlela lezi noma Ngamanye amazwi (isib, Waphenduka ne smile elimnandi i lwengwenya).
• Oxymoron futhi indida. Le migomo - ungomunye futhi umqondo ofanayo. Njengomthetho, isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kumele kugcizelelwe noma isiphi isahlulelo, kuphambene ingqondo (isibonelo, kancane ngaphezulu, phezulu ongaphakeme noma ubuso wesilisa ugly). umehluko lawo eliyinhloko ukuthi oxymoron - umusho, indida - umcabango, umqondo noma isiphakamiso.

Izitayela yokukhuluma ngesiNgisi

Njengoba ngesiRashiya, izitayela yokukhuluma ngolimi lwesiNgisi ababonakali ngezikhundla komunye nomunye izindlela hhayi kuphela ekhululekile futhi izindlela, kodwa futhi izici jikelele. Ake sixoxe ngazo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngakho, ngesiNgisi, izitayela elandelayo yokukhuluma:

• Mahhala, noma okuthiwa indlela levamile. Anakho ngeziphambeko kunalokho evelele kusukela izindinganiso ezamukelwayo futhi ihlukaniswe yaba 2 subgroups: ajwayelekile Ukhulumela phansi futhi etemibhalo okuxoxa.
• Imininingwane Newspaper-isitayela. Njengoba iklanyelwe i-ukudluliswa izenzakalo umgomo (noma ngabe ezibhaliwe noma zokuxhumana ngomlomo). Lesi sitayela akuyona esivela ubunjalo kokuhlaziywa subjective noma ngokomzwelo.
• ibhizinisi Esemthethweni. Kulesi isitayela zisekelwe zonke izincwadi ezibalulekile zonke izincwadi zebhizinisi.
• Scientific and Technical. Lesi sitayela elinesimo okungaguquki okunengqondo.
• Art. Lesi sitayela isetshenziswa imisebenzi ebhaliwe. It libhekene luhlangotsi, imizwelo, ukusetshenziswa phraseology, kusho yokukhuluma, kanye nemisho eziningi futhi uyinkimbinkimbi.