Soviet izisebenzi armored yenethiwekhi BTR-152: Imininingwane

Inkinga ahambise nabasebenzi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II ukukhathazeka ngokujulile bonke Soviet design bureau, futhi ikakhulukazi High Command. Ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho esidlule, kwaba sobala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa le njongo amaloli ezivamile nje isigebengu, kusukela kunoma iyiphi okwami, athelekela isitha izindiza noma ngisho umlilo kusukela izikhali ezincane ingathunyelwa lwanyamalala umnyango lonke. Kuphambene ngemuva kwalezi ukucabanga futhi owokuqala zakudala izisebenzi armored yenethiwekhi BTR-152.

Caterpillar noma isondo?

Futhi lo mbuzo, bengavilaphi ngisho nanamuhla. Ekuqaleni isipiliyoni abaklami zethu azange abe, survey Kwakuseshwa zombili izinkomba. Okokuqala iwine Abalweli Bokholo amathrekhi: le mishini ebathenga isiphambano sakhe, babekwazi hang eziningi zempi. Kepha kwakukhona abanye izinkinga.

Okokuqala, ubunkimbinkimbi ukuqeqeshelwa Mechanics, nabashayeli imishini enjalo yayiphezulu futhi kancane kunabayeni yini isifundo emathangini avuzayo. Ezinezinjini elihamba njengoba wadalwa eyisidalwa mass amabutho, futhi aqeqeshe zalelo nani elikhulu tisebenti leticeceshiwe letinemakhono kakhulu iye sebehlushwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, luthinte isipiliyoni engakhi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Sikhuluma Logistics. Zilandelwa izimoto armored, ngisho ngokusho izibalo kwangaphambilini kwadingeka ukuba kudle okungenani 1/3 uphethiloli, futhi uma ubheka kwi izingalo ngokuhlobene isisindo, ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Kanjani ukuze uveze esebenzisa udizili mvssu empini entsha enkulu?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isondo umshini kuyinto engenakuqhathaniswa kulula ukusebenza, ukukhanda futhi yokukhiqiza, impilo inkonzo yabo okuningi. Ekugcineni, lezi APCs okulula ukwenza elintantayo, kuyilapho nge izimoto zilandelwa feint enjalo crank out eningi nzima. Kukhethwa lenziwe, futhi ukukhanyisa 152-APC.

Qala yentuthuko

Kakade ekuqaleni kuka-1946, lesi sitshalo wethulwa VMs sezwe ZIS-151 izimoto. Nalapha futhi, okuhlangenwe nakho eminyakeni eyedlule, imoto ekuqaleni wenziwa okuhlukahlukene, ngokulinganayo awunankinga ukusetshenziswa emnothweni kazwelonke, futhi amasosha. Ngokushesha, nabaqambi waqaphela ukuthi ngokuphelele jikelele kwenzeka kuphela inganekwane futhi amaphupho, nokunye sasigxile ekucwaningeni emkhakheni Transporter luyingxenye ibutho, okuyinto wathola Inkomba "Into-140".

imishini ezisetshenzisiwe kusukela ZIS ejwayelekile. Futhi liye lathathwa Uhlaka futhi, phezu ufushanisiwe 385 mm. Kodwa lesi sifunda isakhiwo abaklami esetshenziswa enama-asi ezintathu. Ngokungafani imodeli sokuqala wawuyisikhungo enwetshiwe ukumiswa travel, futhi ibe namandla ngokwengeziwe, enwetshiwe futhi wasisekela iziphethu.

isondo Imininingwane

Tyres - ngezingwegwe lakhulisiwe futhi enamandla enikeza permeability lelitfutfukile cishe kunoma iyiphi uhlobo inhlabathi, kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu kanye izimo zezulu.

Tyres Kusolwa ukusebenzisa kuphela ingcindezi ongaphakeme (4 kg / cm ^3). Ukuze zonke amabhuloho isicelo ithrekhi eyodwa. Ukumelana umonakalo (kubandakanya phakathi shelling) Abaklami ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukuba kufinyelelwe usebenzisa uhlelo ne emakamelweni amabili ikhwele amadivayisi eyodwa eziyihaba kubo ekuhambeni. Ukuze 152 APCs ayengakwazi khona ukususa amasosha ezindaweni eziyingozi kanye ngesivinini esiphezulu injini umshini uphoqelekile ngokushesha 118-122 amalitha. a. (Okuqinisekisiwe ukubaluleka kodwa ingeqi 110 l. C.).

izici eziyinhloko umshini

Bezinhlamvu - yenethiwekhi uhlobo, ashiselwe kusukela amapuleti zempi, ogama ukujiya kwaba 6, 8, 10 no-13 mm. Ngu ukuthambekela kwemicabango okunengqondo kakhulu yezembatho zethu frontal yokugcina kungenzeka "ukugcina" ukushaya amachashazi 12.7 mm. Engine gumbi - phambi umshini, module control elitholakala ngemva kwalo. Njengomhlaba BTR-40, zithi cababa ethekwini yalolu phiko zazigcinwa emuva uvuliwe ngokuphelele phezulu.

Ukuze uvikeleke kusuka uthuli emoyeni futhi kwezulu esetshenziswa ngoseyili esikhiphekayo. Embarkation kokwehla kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa emnyango ngemuva iKhabhinethi. Esikhathini front ingxenye zikhona iminyango emibili lapho lagibela umshayeli imoto futhi umdubuli kambayimbayi.

self imikhiqizo ukuzivikela APC

Front zempi ishidi has a amakhethini esakhelwe, kusiza Ukubuyekeza nezimfihlo of omakhelwane ngoba crew. Manholes ezimweni ukulwa Kulindeleke ukuvala ofeleba nge ifaka ka armored omnene, inhlamvu-ubufakazi ingilazi. Ukwakheka izikhali abasebenzi self-152 armored izisebenzi abathwali kuhlanganisiwe: 7,62 mm SG-47 (machine gun Goryunova uhlelo), esagcina sithathelwe indawo SGM. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, ivolumu Ammunition idlule eziyinkulungwane nezinhlamvu.

Isikhali angase ogibele omunye izingalo ezazingaphansi ohlangothini ngalunye (izingcezu ezimbili ngamunye). Futhi emaceleni kwakungekho yake izintuba round eziyisithupha, usebenzisa okuyinto, amatilosi ayengeke angaqapheli nomlilo kusukela nezibhamu siqu. Unomthwalo wokuxhumana umsakazo kuqhathaniswa eyizingqabavu futhi kulula 10-PT-12.

Ukudlula ukuhlolwa isimo, iziphetho zabo ngawo

Okokuqala BTR-152, okuyinto has a isithombe esihlokweni waqhubeka Isivivinyo ekuqaleni kuka-1947. Ngesikhathi esifanayo "ligcwaliswe" ezintathu imishini ukukhiqizwa chungechunge. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa waqinisekisa amathemba kakhulu entsha izisebenzi armored zenethiwekhi. Ikakhulukazi, permeability yayo kakhulu kokwalabo le Gaz-63. Emgwaqeni omkhulu imoto ungase ukusheshisa ngokushesha 80-85 km / h. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, imodeli APC-152 isidlulile ngokuphelele zonke izigaba zokuhlola, imoto wafakwa ngokusemthethweni ku-service of the Army Soviet.

Inkinga kanye sesimanje okwalandela

imoto Armored ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi isitshalo VMs. Ngokuvamile, bonke bavumelana nombono wokuthi Abaklami wakwazi ukwakha imoto kahle elula, kodwa enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukuthi ukufanele ngokugcwele injongo. Yiqiniso, abanye amaphutha aye ingeyakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, amandla akhe ukuminyana kwakuhunyushwa ababuthakathaka, futhi permeability (uma iqhathaniswa izimoto zilandelwa) akazange ukufinyelela ekahle. Kodwa yonke lento.

I sesimanje we BTR-152 kwenziwa kamuva, ngemva kwalokho imishini une-B. Inkomba Le nguqulo kwavunyelwana ngo-1955, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umkhankaso ku ekukhiqizweni. Umehluko omkhulu kusukela imodeli eziyisisekelo babe izingxenye neyesifunda kuzo zonke sezwe Zil-157 elolini, ngaleso sikhathi salandelwa Zil-151 emgqeni ifektri inhlangano. Nokho, igugu oyinhloko kulo mshini ukufaka ethuthukisiwe, 'eziphambili "eyodwa air izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali uhlelo isondo (12.00 x 18).

Patency futhi ukulwa survivability ka armored izisebenzi abathwali ngesikhathi esifanayo abangu kakhulu anda. Ekugcineni, 152 armored izisebenzi abathwali (Soviet izisebenzi armored yenethiwekhi) lithole indophi samovytaskivaniya enamandla, lula kakhulu ukuphila umshayeli wayo. , Yikuphi wabonakala ngo-1957, ukuguqulwa B1, futhi wathola inguqulo entsha emaphakathi isondo izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali uhlelo, okuyinto yayivikeleke umonakalo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ekugcineni, imoto lithole umsakazo omusha P-113, kukhona eziqinile.

ukuguqulwa Kugcine

Cishe esikhathini ofanayo armored izisebenzi abathwali aqala ukuyibheka njengengcono embonweni wasebusuku TVN-2, futhi bay lokubikezela ekugcineni amalahle uhlelo ukuthi sisheshe sizazise amasosha Trans-iBaikal Military District. Ngo-1959, ku-izingalo ageleza serial Soviet BTR-152K, umehluko omkhulu okwakukhona khona evamile armored ophahleni futhi qeda fan.

Uphahla luba nomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekuphepheni ukufika. Ngezindlela eziningi, ukusetshenziswa isixazululo eyakhayo enjalo kwakubangelwa ukuvela ahlomile NATO kwezikhali zenuzi okuhlukile.

Izinguquko ebaluleke kakhulu ukuguqulwa odlule

Okokuqala, ukuphakama umzimba liye landa ngokushesha 300 mm. Ubude wonke ophahleni kwakukhona dweba ivaliwe zempi amapuleti. Ukuze ikhava okukhulu kwaba lula ukuvula, basuke uphinyiselwe torsion ibha. umnyango eziphuthumayo sise ezingemuva umshini, kuso isondo eliyisipele is agibele amahhashi. Ngenhla esihlalweni somshayeli osekwenziwe ichopho ahlukene iyadingeka ukuze ifakwe idivayisi embonweni wasebusuku TVN-2.

Njengoba e izinguqulo ezandulele, i armored izisebenzi yenethiwekhi kwadingeka kubakaki ezine lokukhuphula izibhamu, kodwa konke lokho efakwe ezinhlangothini okunamathiselwe akunjalo, kodwa ngqo ophahleni. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe izikhali lingafeza SGMB imodeli noma FCT. Umdubuli kambayimbayi isikhundla ingaphezu nje umnyango control. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izimoto armored ngokuvamile elingenalo izibhamu.

Ngokungafani ukuhlukahluka esidlule, le lempi BTR-152 kwadingeka bame ngezinyawo ukuze iqembu efakwe ngqo phezulu amathangi nophethiloli. Ngenxa yalokhu inani paratroopers lehla, kodwa kakhulu anda ukulwa survivability umshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezintsha ziye zibonakale ekuklanyweni injini, okuyinto ithole ikhanda aluminium isilinda.

Ukudala isibhamu ukufaka self ezinezinjini

Le modeli kwaba nesibongo Army Soviet zifundiseni inqubo, esekelwe okuyinto zadalwa ezikhethekile self ezinezinjini machine gun. Imodeli lokuqala, BTR-152A (ZTPU-2), baye baqala ukukhiqiza ngo-1950, cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kwakhululwa i armored izisebenzi zenkampani yenethiwekhi. Ngokusemthethweni, le ndlela wafakwa isevisi ngo-1951.

Kodwa ngo-1952, i-ukuhlolwa isimo zagcwaliseka "silo" ZTPU-4 (ezimbili abhanqiwe KPVT, ingqikithi ezine emgqonyeni osezingeni 14.5 mm). Ammunition walo mshini kuyinto 2000 isibhamu. Firepower ubuchwepheshe ibilokhu kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa izindlela manual kuhloswe kunzima kakhulu ukufunda, nomdlandla ngesikhathi ukufakwa lempi ayibangelwa.

Made le ndlela kwaba kuphela amakhophi ambalwa, bamukela "Spark" awazange ayithathe. Lapho yimpumelelo kwaba zu-23 osezingeni 23 mm, futhi umshini ukulawula ekhethekile BTR-152U, isici esasenza okuyinto umzimba nge ukuphakama kakhulu anda. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze bakwamukele imishini ivolumu yangaphakathi emikhulu.

Namuhla, i-BTR-152 ukulondolozwa ezidumile phakathi abaqoqi abacebile abalandeli eziphathelene nezempi, futhi othile kuwenza izimoto okhethekile ukuhamba ukuzingela nokudoba.