South Georgia ne Islands South Sandwich. ngokuqhafaza kanye

Ngesikhathi eseningizimu -Atlantic Ocean ezindaweni ekhexisayo wentaba-mlilo imvelaphi umhlaba: South Georgia ne-Archipelago Sandwich. Yini esiyaziyo ngala madoda? kanjani la magama gone, owathola ukuthi ubani futhi lokho abayikho emangalisayo? Ake sihlolisise ngalesi ucezu Atlantic.

South Georgia: incazelo kanye sezulu

South Georgia, noGeorge - ipharadesi isiqhingi-iso ngeso penguins nezimvu zamanzi, kanye leziqhingi of igama elifanayo, okuyinto yakhiwa iziqhingi 9 namatshe 4. Kulapha amakoloni enkulu yalezi zilwane. Lesi siqhingi kuka 3500 km ^2, futhi iningi kuyahlanganiswa emathafeni wona kanye ulele. izimo ezinzima zezulu ungavumeli inama namathafa amahle zemvelo.

Nazi izimfunda ezivamile wasolwandle embozwe utshani emihle, nezimfunda, akukho nezihlahla. Ingxenye yalesi siqhingi endaweni engamamitha amamitha 300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, embozwe izinguzunga zeqhwa neqhwa okuphakade. Wona lo Izwe alikwazi enobungane kakhulu abantu. Rocks, obandayo kanye njalo sezulu esinamafu enesithwathwa noma esihle Ukukhemezela akekho okuyenga futhi ngokuqinisekile akudingeki siphile kulesi siqhingi. Ngakho-ke, inabantu abangaba ngu-30 kuphela. Olwandle ayigongobali phezu, kuphela bay avaliwe okwesikhathi yibhece eqhweni.

South Sandwich Islands: Incazelo

Kuyini lesi sici kwendawo? Uma banake Atlantic Ocean kumephu emhlabeni, leli qoqo leziqhingi itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu ngokugcwele, at ibanga 570 km kusuka Georgia. Ngu ndawo, kuba lezi ziqhingi ezincane olwandle (ingqikithi 310 km ^2), ehlanganisa 13 iziza ezincane. arc abahlakazekile ziqhingi ezinezintaba-mlilo kukhona amatshe lingenamuntu. Nokho, it is hhayi lihlalwe muntu. Lokhu izingxenye zomhlaba uhlalwe nezilwane bazivumelanisa isimo esinzima Arctic. Kepha abantu, Sandwich Islands Sinesithakazelo ikakhulukazi kuphela izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Iqiniso lokuthi lapha uhlala khona inani elikhulu albatross emhlabeni. Futhi, lezi ogwini olunamadwala abakhethiwe zamanzi, inkosi penguins kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga sezulu ye-Arctic.

Isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke kuleli qoqo leziqhingi - Montagu - eyaziwa izintaba-mlilo zayo asebenzayo. kuqhuma Kugcine kwenzeka ngo 2008. Ngu ukucabangela, le Sandwich Islands kukhona isandiso yase-Andes, elise eNingizimu Melika. Lezi amazwe ziya wavakashela kuphela bomkhankaso Arctic. Ngenxa we budebuduze imisinga abandayo qoqo leziqhingi subantarctic ka icebound kusukela ngo-May kuze kube ekuqaleni kuka-December.

Umlando yokutholakala

Ngokusho ezicatshangwayo, isiqhingi South Georgia lavulwa ngo-1675 ku-egameni lomthengisi Entoni De la Roche. Wahamba ngomkhumbi esuka Chile eBrazil umgwaqo esivunguvungwini esinamandla, okuyinto zamyisa kude empumalanga. Ithimba wakwazi aphephele ethekwini isiqhingi ezingaziwa, ekubeni ngaleyo ndlela amaphayona. yonke indawo liye ogama lakhe behlonipha Roche. iminyaka engu-100 kuphela kamuva, ngo-1775, phakathi nohambo lwakhe lwesibili kule ucezu bezwe bafika edumile Dzheyms Awe-Kuk. Nguye echazwe kulesi siqhingi, wamxabela kumephu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulandela imithetho British, umhloli wamazwe wawubiza e-UK, walinika igama layo behlonipha-King George.

Khona-ke Dzheyms Awe-Kuk uhlole futhi Sandwich Islands, kokuvula eziqhingini eziningi ezincane wasebiza ibizo labo le Sandwich lonke eMhlabeni, kodwa incazelo enemininingwane wabo uvele 1819. Khona-ke lo mkhankaso Lazarev - Bellingshausen wavula 6 izindawo ezincane umhlaba omnengi. Njengoba i-Atlantic Ocean kumephu emhlabeni wanezela nesinye kulezi ziqhingi. Shintsha isimo salo ezenzeka esikhathini esithile ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. BaseBrithani ephethwe Sandwich Islands kusukela 1908.

emva wokuvula

Ngakho, la mazwe amasha uvele ifa, futhi yini okufanele uyenze nabo - alaziwa. Ngenxa sezulu esibi ukuphila elisanda kutholakala kulezi ziqhingi kuyinto cishe ayinakwenzeka. Indawo engalapho Antarctic lisibeka izimo zezulu: izinga lokushisa aliphumi khona ngenhla 5 degrees ehlobo nasebusika awehleli ngezansi 2 degrees Celsius. Futhi zonke ayeyokwenza, kodwa imimoya eziphikelelayo abandayo sezulu esinamafu esiyitholayo degrees ephansi -10. Escape eziqhingini ndawo, ngakho abantu bahamba ngomkhumbi lapha nje okuzingela zamanzi wezingonyama.

Kodwa kuningi osekushintshile lapho kwaqala Whaling. Whaling imikhumbi beyofuna wahlamba ogibeni kakhulu eningizimu-Atlantic, futhi kusukela ngo-1904 esiqhingini South Georgia nemizana yaqala ukubonakala. Umsunguli komnikazi lokuqala Grytviken kwaba Norwegian nobunarha British Carl Larsen.

Qala Whaling

Kusukela 1904, ngesikhathi uGeorge esiqhingini uvele izimboni eziyisikhombisa lokudoba. Naphezu kwesimo sezulu elibuhlungu, i-whalers iye yaqhakaza, futhi lapha sonke isikhathi kwakunabantu abangaba ngu-1,000. Ngo Grytviken itholakala ebusayo lenkampani ukudoba Argentina. Bonke zafakwa ethekwini elivikelekile ogwini olusenyakatho lwalesi siqhingi.

Sasisebenza kule nkampani ikakhulu baseNorway. BEE whalers wanika umbusi ngesiNgisi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi England kwamiswa ngo-1909, eduze base Whaling ka Grytviken ukuphathwa isikhungo - King Edward Point, archipelagos wabusa umbusi Falkland Islands.

Impi indawo

Argentina akukaze neyaziwayo unelungelo lobunikazi UK kusuka South Georgia South Sandwich Islands. izimangalo zabo eyisa, kusukela ngo-1938. Esikhathini esithile maphakathi nawo-50s, Argentina kwaba ngonyaka base Tenniente-Esquivel eGulf of Ferguson Bay esiqhingini Thule, etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli Sandwich Islands. Futhi kusukela ngo-1976, futhi ngo-1982 ayengaba sebangeni khona base wamabutho asolwandle "Corbett Uruguay." AmaNgisi babe kahle khona Argentina on insimu yalo kwezilwandle, kodwa izindlela lempi ukuqeda akazange athathe.

Kwathi ngo-March 19, 1982. Khona-ke iqembu Argentina ebesizenza wabenza Scrap, wathatha ishiywe base Whaling eGulf of Leith Harbour saseNingizimu Georgia. A 3 Apreli bahlasela futhi sahlala Grytviken.

British Marines ngasibuyisela Isiqhingi Apreli 25, 1982. Ngokuhamba ezempi 13,000 amasosha British kanye 20,000 Argentina babe nesifiso sokuthandana. Ukunqotshwa empini kwaholela ekubeni ashintshe kahulumeni e-Argentina nase UK nomthelela ekunqobeni ukukhula lokushisekela ubuzwe. Omunye umlobi owakhuluma mayelana nempi: "ukuxabana amabili Bald ngenxa ikamu." Futhi kwaba ngempela impi saba abangenangqondo, kwabulawa abantu ababekuthenga. Kuze kube ngo-2001, kwaba khona isikaniso elincane lempi esekelwe i-King Edward Point. Ngalesi sikhathi, base beza anawo British Antarctic Survey ngesikhathi.

iziqhingi namuhla

Kuze kube manje, lezi ziqhingi ezinezintaba-mlilo kukhona into ethakazelisayo kodwa eseceleni neku- mikhankaso ngokwesayensi. Ziqhutshwa ehlobo izifundo Meteorological nokubona zenziwa amakoloni eziyingqayizivele izinyoni. Esiqhingini South Georgia kutholakala warbler kuphela e-Antarctica - ihhashi ezinkulu. Futhi, albatross abaningi abahlala lapha, petrels, cormorants, ama-gull kanye tern, ungajabulela ubuhle, penguin rookeries enkulu walruses nezimpawu.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi mlilo Sandwich Islands, okuyinto waphawula njengoba ukutholakala kwawo, izimpilo zabantu ezindaweni zakhona cishe kungenakwenzeka. Kodwa lapha ngezikhathi ezibekwe uhambo Antarctic. Okwesikhathi esithile England babehlele ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi izivakashi kulezi ziqhingi, kodwa uhambo eqolo.

zokungcebeleka

Namuhla esiqhingini South Georgia, Grytviken edolobhaneni, emnyuziyamu, lapho ungakwazi bajwayelane umlando zonke kuleli qoqo leziqhingi. Esikhathini esithile esidlule, saqala kabusha niphihlizwe base yabo Whaling ezikhangayo wendawo. Futhi esiqhingini bangcwatshwe wamazwe odumile polar Ernest Shekelton nomsizi wakhe Frenk Uald. Nokho ukukhangana main yalezi archipelagos aqhelelene asezigabeni amakoloni penguin ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Futhi eduze Sandwich Islands, ungabuka imidondoshiya omangalisayo - whale. Nampa - ngokwedlulele kunazo seziqhingi Atlantic.