Socialist Fure Sharl nemibono yakhe. Biography nemisebenzi ka-Charles Fourier

Nakancane sezenhlalo Sharl Fure wacabanga emphakathini enhle ngaphandle ayitholwa isimo sika ngamandla. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbono Kuyiphutha, Fourier theory kwakufanele nomthelela ku Marxism nasemiqondweni sezenhlalo.

ebuntwaneni

April 7, 1772 emndenini yomthengisi ocebile kakhulu Besancon watala indvodzana - Fure Sharl. Ngiseyingane, ingane wanikwa ithuba elikhulu ekuqondeni Sciences ezahlukene kanye Ubuciko, ayevelele ngu ukuthambekela amaphupho kuphela, yokuchitha isizungu intandokazi wayefunda futhi umculo. eyakhula okunjalo yakushintsha zefilosofi Zibonisa isimo sengqondo, owawuthi kamuva umsebenzi umfana. Imfundo esemthethweni Charles kwadingeka izikhala eziningi, wafunda ongumJesuit ekolishi, futhi kamuva ngezikhathi wafunda wesayensi ahlukahlukene ukuze zilungele isikhathi lapho impilo ishintshile kakhulu. Ubaba wakhe washona, nezindaba zakhe babengenabo isimo esihle. Ngakho-ke, i-Fourier engu-18 ubudala, baphoqwa ukuba bame ngemuva counter esitolo ukuthola imali ukuzondla, kodwa umphefumulo wakhe lo amanga.

Usesho uqobo

Naphezu isidingo ukusebenza, Sharl Fure, ogama biography is hhayi nje ukwenza ematfuba emaweni, njalo waba isifiso sokuthola ulwazi nokucabanga osekwenziwe. iminyaka eziningana ukuzikhandla, uhambo, inzuzo nokulahlekelwa sezishiye iqiniso lokuthi 1793 Fourier kwaba umnikazi we esitolo kwezimpahla wamakoloni. Kodwa kwabe sekufika u-French Revolution, futhi walahlekelwa yikho konke, lapho ngabuthelwa impi, lapho wakhishwa esibhedlela ngoba impilo futhi futhi baphoqwa ukuba uqale endleleni yabo, manje umabhalane bese nomdayisi. Kodwa sonke lesi sikhathi ukuthi akagcini ezama ukufinyelela ukuba ulwazi, ukufunda izinto ezintsha, ukubukela izwe ihamba, futhi wabonakala imibono ehlukene.

wamacebo

Eminyakeni eminingi usebenza ezinhlanganweni ezehlukene, Fure Sharl ukwakha amaprojekthi ahlukahlukene. impracticability yabo noma Umbuso ongaphakeme kukuvumela ukuyibiza kule nkathi namaphrojektha. Unendaba zonke izinto, futhi ufuna ukuthuthukisa. I Fure Sharl bazithobe eMnyango Wezokuvikela sihlelele phambi ukudla ngendlela entsha, ingqondo yakhe isebenza kwi ukhuni nensimbi komzila, it is umutu abambisene naye emsebenzini phezu zokuthutha amasosha yonkana Rhine, it is asathuthuka project ukwakha isigaba esikhethekile wabathengi. Yonke imisebenzi yakhe avame ukubangela ukuklolodelwa kuphela, kodwa ayigcini umsebenzi engqondo-Fourier. Lapho sengineminyaka engu-amathathu, Ekugcineni ngabona ukubizwa kwakhe - ukuba wezinguquko kwezenhlalo, nokuthi unikeza omningi isikhathi nomzamo.

Ngo 1803 wabhala indatshana encane ngenqubomgomo wamakoloni, eyabonisa ubuqobelo ngombono wakhe futhi amandla ongokwesiprofetho. Kamuva, ngo-1808, wakhipha umqulu umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ezinkulu "Umbono we ukunyakaza ezine futhi isiphetho sabo jikelele", elaba kwandulela umbono ephelele-Fourier. Incwadi ayivulwanga ngoba Charles ithuba lokuphila kuphela umsebenzi kwalo ngokwesayensi, ukuthi ayitholanga ukuhlolwa omuhle babantu besikhathi sakhe. Kwaphela isikhathi esithile ukuthi usengaba ukulwa ukuze baphile. Futhi kuphela 1822 anakho umfundi kanye nomvikeli ngubani waxhasa lo kunyatheliswa incwadi elandelayo.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubunye kuzo zonke izidalwa

Emuva emisebenzini ekuseni ka-Fourier sotsietarny lizokwenza icebo ekuguquleni umphakathi zama-Capitalist. Kamuva, imfundiso yokungafi wayecabangisisa badonsekela imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubunye kuzo zonke izidalwa. Isikhundla kokuqala ekusebenziseni ingabe umbono wokuthi capitalism akuyona isinyathelo sokugcina ekukhuleni komphakathi, kuyinto nje isinyathelo umphakathi ngokuvumelana jikelele. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umphakathi kufanele libe izinhlangano zabasebenzi - phalanges, abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu 2, bazophila ngendlela ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu.

Labour and inzuzo Ukwabelana fair, ngokuhambisana nezidingo zabantu. Wayekholelwa ukuthi phalansteries ezinjalo ungakha manje ku- imali labantu abanesandla esivulekile. Isisekelo ikusasa umphakathi onokuvumelana kuwumbono ngemvelo, isb. E. isifiso khulula zabantu kufanele ube isisekelo yabo ukwaneliseka umsebenzi. Fourier ezihlongozwayo ukushintsha lonke isakhiwo somphakathi, eziqala emfundweni yezingane, okuyinto, ngokombono wakhe, ukuba imfundo umndeni akwanele nje. I Umcabangi sasimelene ushintsho-mbuso ka-oda kwezenhlalo, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi capitalism uzoya umphakathi onokuvumelana ngokusebenzisa abantu ukuvuthwa. Umphakathi omusha wabona khulula kusuka ukuphoqelela nokulinganiselwa ekilasini division.

indilinga abangane

Esikhathini 20s kwekhulu le-18, Sharl Fure, imibono kabani badlulela nokuduma, kudala ababemzungezile umbuthano elincane khona nabantu ababecabanga njengami. Abenzi kuphela ulalele imicabango wesazi sefilosofi, kodwa futhi wahlanganyela kule popularization imibono yakhe. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, siye eshicilelwe omagazini eziningana, ezihlanganisa nezindaba Fourierism. Abalandeli abacebile nabadumile izimfundiso, ikakhulukazi abazalwane Virgin Ubusisiwe namaphini Bode-Dyulari banikele tibalo eside ukwakha ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu, kodwa liveza umqondo wazibonakalisa engatheli. Njengoba amalungu omphakathi ayengenayo amakhono zomsebenzi ezolimo kanye izinhlelo zabo baya nenkinga enkulu. Engxenyeni ye-yalolucwaningo 30 emphakathini yesibili iza Victor Considerant, abaphinda njalo bahlolisisa ukubuyiselwa "isikole", iqala umagazini omusha futhi uchitha eziningi izinsiza yokwanda kwemibono Fourierism. Zonke ukwazi ngomlando imizamo amane ukwakha phalansteries eYurophu nase Melika, kodwa akekho kubo wakwazi ukusinda isihlale iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu.

Ngemcondvo losemcoka

Umcabangi Fure Sharl, omisebenzi yakhe ababebheka bangesikhathi ngomdlandla yakha umbono wakhe ngalezi postulates. Uhlelo lwe-capitalism lusekelwe zabasebenzi ngokungafanele nengcebo ukusatshalaliswa, ngakho-ke nakanjani indawo uhlobo olusha umphakathi. Umphakathi ekahle izokuba phalanges - ukubambisana, okuyinto ahlelwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso we zindlani izingxenye inkampani, izohlala endaweni yangasese, kepha ngeke zibe umthombo nokucindezelwa. Uhlobo main zokukhiqiza - ezolimo. Njengoba umgomo oyinhloko - ukuze uthole isamba ngokweqile ukudla ukugwema isidingo ona umuntu e isabelomali. Abahlanganyeli phalanx neqhaza seminikelo amanani athile ukuthi zitholwa kanye izindlela zokukhiqiza. Umuntu ngamunye ekhetha uhlobo umsebenzi ngokuhambisana amakhono abo nokuthambekela, ngakho-ke usebenza ngokuzinikezela ubumnandi. Ikakhulu umphakathi esizayo kuba inhlangano elilingene ngokwezimboni ukusetshenziswa,

okusho Fourierism

Sharl Fure - sezenhlalo, nakancane, waba elikhulu Marx no Engels. Ayevuma ukuthi imibono nakancane ka-Fourier wabavumela ukuba uthole indlela efanele kudalwa emphakathini alinganayo. ubukhomanisi Scientific of Marx zamila umbono 'ubunye kuzo zonke izidalwa ", breaking ezinye izikhathi zalo nakancane.

On Fourier lenkaba ubhekwa ongqondongqondo kunabo bonke ekhulwini le-19, imisebenzi yakhe, wafunda emayunivesithi.

ERussia ku 40s we 19 imfundiso ekhulwini ka-Charles Fourier futhi uthola abasekeli abaningi, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Butashevich-Petrashevsky futhi Annenkov. Circle Petrashevists ngisho okuhloswe ukwakha ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu eRussia, kodwa lokhu kuvimbe ukuboshwa ikhanda. Kwesimilo Pedagogical Fourier ukubukwa abangu yamukelwe kahle by Chernyshevsky.