Siyini isifundo? Isifundo: definition nezinhlobo

Isifundo (okusho - "funda" in Latin) njengoba indlela lisuka umeluleki abafundi wasuka ngalezo zinsuku, lapho kuphela baqala ukuvela nefilosofi. Phakathi nenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka, kwamanye amazwe athuthukile (China, India, Hellas lithi European) isetshenziselwe abathethise ngesikhathi esifanayo ukufunda okuningi abantu ngomunye uthisha.

Njengoba izincwadi ngaleso sikhathi babeqinile izinto ezibizayo kakhulu futhi ezingavamile, umsebenzi lo mlisa waba ekufundeleni noma ngokucaphuna imisebenzi ososayensi ngekhanda.

Namuhla, cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi inkulumo enjalo, ngoba lokho okushiwo okuqukethwe indlela angiguquki. Othisha ezikoleni zamabanga kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu kulo ejabulela zako, njalo ngcono futhi wanezela izindlela zabo.

Uyini inkulumo: incazelo kanye isicelo

Sijule lisho ukuthini igama elithi, kungashiwo ukuthi inkulumo kufanele ushayele le ndlela lokunikeza ulwazi, okuyinto has a isakhiwo ukwenzela ukungena okuncane kakhulu okunengqondo, ezakhiwe ngokombono eluhlelweni kanye ngokujulile futhi kwembula ngokucacile isihloko.

Isakhi esiyinhloko ezinhlelweni eziningi ukuqeqeshwa - inkulumo. Inhloso yayo:

• Isethulo imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu kuya kulesitfupha ngesihloko inikezwe.
• Siza ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga eziyisisekelo Yiqiniso.
• Kwenziwa lula inqubo inkositini izindlela ulwazi lwesayensi.
• I popularization of the impumelelo yakamuva umcabango lwesayensi lwanamuhla.

izifundo imisebenzi

Ngemva kokutadisha idatha ebhalwe ngenhla, kungenzeka ukuba uhlu izici eziyinhloko inkulumo: methodological, yenhlangano, ulwazi. Ngezinye izikhathi ngale ndlela yokufunda iba kuphela lesikhona, isibonelo, uma azikho izincwadi namabhukwana. Kuvamile lokhu ezikoleni e azungeze futhi ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo ezintsha zokufundisa.

Kulokhu, inkulumo - kuyindlela sokuvula apharathasi nekutfutfuka kwelizinga emkhakheni othize isayensi noma ulwazi, kanye nezinkinga zayo. It uyakwazi ukunikeza isithombe esiphelele salokho luwumgogodla ndaba, futhi ukubonisa kanjani oxhumene nge neminye imikhakha yesayensi. Izinkulumo ukukuhlinzeka ngohlaka eziyisisekelo ukusetshenziswa nezinye izinhlobo imisebenzi zemfundo ezifana workshop, laboratory kanye amakilasi esisebenzayo, coursework futhi iphrojekthi mqondo, ukubonisana, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa.

Izinzuzo indlela

Ngaphandle Ucwaningo olunzulu futhi inhloso akunakwenzeka ukwenza umqondo zalokho inkulumo. Njenganoma iyiphi enye ubuhlakani reception, it has ngobuhle nangobubi bawo. Cabanga ngezinzuzo main:

1. Kungumsebenzi we womfundisi wukuhlela futhi ulawule Ukuthutha ekilasini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le nqubo yokufunda inohlelo ecacile, kanye ngeziphambeko kancane kusukela uhlelo ehleliwe kungenziwa ngokushesha iqedwe.
2. Isifundo - yindlela enhle ngesikhathi kudlule ulwazi inani elikhulu labantu. Ngakho, kukhona izilaleli Ukusabalala kahle esikhulu.
3. Ukusebenzisa isimiso esinjalo kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko zezikhungo zemfundo umfundi ngamunye. Lokhu kungenxa esheshisa futhi lula ngayo nenqubo yokufundisa.

Nemiphumela ethile engathandeki kwesethulo inkulumo wesistimu Imininingwane

Ukukhetha izinkulumo njengendlela yokudlulisela ulwazi oluyisisekelo abafundi, nokuphathwa yesikhungo kufanele uqaphele ukuthi inezici ezithile eziqondile.

Ukuthi inqubo yokufunda kwaba nekhwalithi ephezulu, womfundisi ubenawo hhayi kuphela ulwazi nolwazi oludingekayo, kodwa futhi nekhono ukufundisa. Abaningi bangase ukukhumbula ethandwa phakathi abafundi izindaba mayelana izinkulumo yisicefe futhi eside. Akubuzwa, ukuthi idatha wabizela izwi ngephimbo elifanayo ngaphandle kwezwi, neze siyagwinyeka? Le nkinga ngempumelelo ukuzixazulula ukuqeqeshwa uthisha amakhono oratorical.

Esinye isici itholakala kakhulu umqondo walokho inkulumo: eqinisweni kuba wedwa. zokuxhumana Maximum phakathi womfundisi umfundi ukuba uphendule imibuzo ebuzwe abafundi. Nokho, njengoba umthetho, isinyathelo livela abalaleli akuvamile. Ngenxa yalokho, omunye bangase bazibone ukuzibandakanya eliphansi abafundi, zingenzi lutho olunyakazisa namazinga aphezulu nokwenziwa kolwazi.

Izinhlobo izinkulumo: isici inkulumo ezethula

Kuye izinhloso, injongo kanye nesitayela we are eziningana izinhlobo ezinkulu izinkulumo:

• Isingeniso.
• Imininingwane.
• Kokubona.
• Inkinga.
• Ukufanekisa.
• Binary.
• Conference.
• Ukubonisana.

izinkulumo yesingeniso banikwa, ukunikeza umbono wokuqala kuyini nokuthi sifundvo lesisemtsetfweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, abafundi bangathola indlela yabo ohlelweni umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo. Umsebenzi we-womfundisi uthola yazi abafundi nge injongo eyinhloko kanye nezinhloso ze-course. Uyasitshela mayelana nendima yakhe nokuthunywa indawo ohlelweni isiyalo.

Abafundi ukuthola isifinyezo sezinto Yiqiniso esizayo, ufunde mayelana mlando ukuthuthukisa isayensi umkhuba, kanye ukuthi yososayensi abafinyelele ezibalulekile, futhi lapho kwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkulumo ezethula kuhilela isethulo izindawo othembisayo ucwaningo.

Futhi womfundisi wachazela abafundi ukuthi kusho abathethise nezinye izinhlobo senhlangano ye inqubo yemfundo. Uveza ukuthi izincwadi zingasetshenziselwa kufanele, uma futhi ngayiphi indlela ukuthatha imibiko.

Kokubona, ulwazi kanye nezinye izinkulumo

Isifundo-Imininingwane ucingo izenzakalo ezinjalo, injongo okuyinto ukwazisa abafundi mayelana yisiphi isihloko. Lomfundisi e zezinkulumo jikelele noma eminye imininingwane uchazela abafundi ulwazi lwesayensi ukuthi kumelwe kuqondwe futhi sabamba ngekhanda kubo. Ngokuvamile ngokuhamba misebenzi, umfundi ngamunye eqhuba inkulumo amanothi, okuyinto ithumba kafushane izikhathi ezibalulekile ukusebenza. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ilwazi izinkulumo awuhlobo bendabuko.

Buyekeza inkulumo ihlose nokumisa ulwazi lwesayensi ezingeni eliphezulu. Kulokhu, kuba isici se-inani elikhulu izinhlangano, ezihilelekile umqondo ulwazi. Ngokuvamile survey izinkulumo unganikezi ezithile ngokuqondile nangokusuka enhliziyweni enemininingwane, ziklanyelwe ukuze kufuthwe intrasubject nokuxhumana imikhakha eyahlukene.

Imicimbi lapho lo mlisa usebenzisa izindlela okubonakalayo sitshela abanye impahla okukhulunywe izinkulumo imaging noma video izinkulumo. Umsebenzi we uthisha eba ehlaziya ngesikhathi esifanele wabonisa omfisha, izithombe noma ama-slides. Ngale ndlela lokunikeza impahla ezemfundo wasebenzisa umkhuba izikhungo eziningi zemfundo ezinikeza imfundo zezenhlalakahle noma lwezobuchwepheshe.

Binary - an hlobo ezithakazelisayo ezinkulumo lapho umfundi angabona esikhundleni Monologue inkhulumomphendvulwano emkhatsini othisha ababili. Ngokuvamile, ngamunye wabo simele esikoleni ehlukene isayensi noma uvikela umbono ethize lale ndaba akhuluma ngayo.

Inkulumo lenkomfa: kuba futhi lihluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo

Uma umcimbi uthatha uhlobo amakilasi yesayensi ezingokoqobo, okungukuthi, kunenkinga pre-ezibangelwa kanye isimiso yokubika, ibizwa ngokuthi inkomfa inkulumo. Izitatimende aqukethe inkulumo enjalo, kufanele esiqinile okunengqondo isakhiwo (entry, the main okuyingxenye, okukhipha). Ziqeqeshelwa kusengaphambili ngesisekelo imisebenzi lebaniketwe nguthishela. Umphumela wazo zonke izinkulumo iba Ukusabalala olunzulu inkinga. Indima womfundisi kuyehla kube ekwakhiweni tincumo nekubeka kufinyeta ngokuzimela okulungiselelwe imibhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sigcwalisa futhi icacisa ulwazi samanje.

Ngokucacile ezinkulumo, kokuthintana

Kukhona zimo eziningana lolu hlobo izinkulumo:

1. Esimweni sokuqala isakhiwo lomcimbi angena icebo 'Umbuzo - Impendulo ". Mfundisi phakathi naso sonke isikhathi isikhathi esabelwe inkulumo ekilasini, liphendula imibuzo abafundi '(eziphathelene ingxenye ethize noma yonke inkambo yokuhle).
   
2. Indlela yesibili kungenziwa schematically umelwe "umbuzo - impendulo / ingxoxo". Le nhlanganisela engavamile tincenye letintsatfu: isikhulumi siveza izinto ezintsha, aphakamisa kwezingqinamba uhlela ingxoxo ukuze uthole izimpendulo. Kodwa-ke ungayididanisi lolu hlobo ukugcwalisa ulwazi nabanye, njengoba kukhona umehluko omkhulu kusukela emakilasini ukuqeqeshwa seminar.

Sakhiwo izigaba ezinkulumo classical

Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza lo mlisa inezingxenye eziningana: isingeniso, okuqukethwe oyinhloko kanye nesiphetho.

Ukwethulwa yakhelwe ukuthola uxhumano isihloko osekuvele wafunda. Lapha kwakuzwakala emigomweni ukusebenza, futhi kuba uhlelo. Ngezinye izikhathi kulesi sigaba ukukhombisa uhlu imithombo asetshenziswe ukulungiselela, kodwa kaningi ishiywe ukuphetha. Isingeniso kuthatha akukho kuka imizuzu 5-8.

Ingxenye yesibili (okuqukethwe main) iyona ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okunenjongo isinyathelo inkulumo. Lapha, uthisha ibonisa imibono ukhiye bese imfundiso yokuziphendukela ndaba, okwethula timvo letehlukene, inikeza value izahlulelo.

Ingxenye yokugcina inkulumo ngayinye kunikezwa ngokuvamile netiphetfo kwi ukwaziswa. Khona-ke linikezwa elilandelayo inkulumo ezibonakalayo futhi baqondise sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi.