Russian igesi amapayipi: amabalazwe namashadi. Negesi amapayipi ezivela eRussia eYurophu

Pipeline ezokuthutha inikeza ukunyakaza okunjalo izimpahla ezibalulekile ezifana uwoyela negesi yemvelo. namapayipi isiRashiya abangaphezu kwengxenye umlando leminyaka. Laqala ukwakhiwa ukuthuthukiswa izinkambu amafutha Baku futhi Grozny. ibalazwe igesi yanamuhla IsiRashiya sinamagama ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 50. Km ekugcineni kwesiqu yamapayipi, okuyinto akhishwa iningi uwoyela Russian.

Umlando igesi Russian

Pipeline igesi lwezokuthutha laseRussia aqala ukuthuthukisa ngentshiseko ngo-1950, lapho kwakuhambisana nezinga ukuthuthukiswa imali entsha futhi ukwakhiwa kuhluzwa khona uwoyela e Baku. Kakade ngawo-2008, inani imikhiqizo uwoyela petroleum zithutha safinyelela izigidi ezingu 488. Amathani. Kuqhathaniswa 2000, ukwanda kokungabi 53%.

Minyaka yonke Russian igesi namapayipi (scheme ibuyekeziwe futhi ibonisa zonke imigqa) ukhula. Uma ngo-2000, ubude ipayipi ka iphayiphi kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 61. Km ngo-2008 kakade zaba 63 eziyinkulungwane. Km. Ngowezi-2012, kwelulwe kakhulu main igesi amapayipi Russia. Map ibonakala azungeze 250 izinkulungwane. Km of amapayipi. . Kulawa, izinkulungwane 175 km ubude wegesi kwaba 55 thous Km -. Ubude iphayiphi, 20 thous Km -. Ubude ipayipi elithwala uwoyela.

igesi Russian zokuthutha iphayiphi

Iphayiphi - ukwakhiwa ubunjiniyela iphayiphi zokuthutha, esetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa methane kanye negesi yemvelo. Supply igesi Kwenziwa esebenzisa ingcindezi ngokweqile.

Namuhla kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi Russian Federation (okwamanje isithekelisi elikhulu "fuel blue") kuyinto ekuqaleni sincike izinto zokusetshenziswa wathenga phesheya. Ngo-1835 eSt, lesi sitshalo lokuqala ukwenziwa "fuel blue" ohlelweni ukusatshalaliswa lusuka emasimini luya umthengi uvulekele. Ngalesi isitshalo kukhishwe igesi kusuka amalahle angaphandle. Eminyakeni engu-30 kamuva, isitshalo efanayo eyakhelwe eMoscow.

Ngenxa zibiza kakhulu ukwakhiwa igesi amapayipi nokungenisa impahla eluhlaza amapayipi wokuqala Russian babe yayincane. Piping wenza ubukhulu esikhulu (1220 futhi 1420 mm) kanye ne uyephuza okusezingeni eliphezulu. With ukuthuthukiswa emkhakheni ubuchwepheshe Igesi yemvelo kanye nosayizi ukukhiqizwa yayo "umfula blue" eRussia laliqala ukwanda ngokushesha.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke igesi Russian amapayipi

"Gazprom" - opharetha elikhulu "igesi Umthambo" eRussia. Izinhlobo ezinkulu corporations yilezi:

• ukuhlola Geological, ukukhiqizwa, ezokuthutha, isitoreji, ukucutshungulwa;
• ekukhiqizeni nokudayiswa ukushisa kanye nogesi.

Okwamanje, kukhona amapayipi akhona:

1. "Blue Stream".
2. "Inqubekela".
3. "Union."
4. "Nord Stream".
5. "Yamal-Europe."
6. "Urengoi-Uzhgorod Pomar".
7. "Sakhalin-eKhabarovsk-Vladivostok".

Kusukela intuthuko uwoyela Petrochemical imikhakha isithakazelo eziningi zimali, onjiniyela ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa nokwakha zonke entsha igesi ezinkulu amapayipi Russia.

namapayipi kawoyela Russian

Iphayiphi - ukwakhiwa ubunjiniyela iphayiphi zokuthutha, okuyinto esetshenziswa ukuthutha amafutha kusuka kusayithi kokukhiqiza umthengi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-amapayipi: main futhi ensimini.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke ipayipi elithwala uwoyela:

1. "Ubungane" - omunye wemizila ebekwe ezinkulu Empire Russian. umthamo ukukhiqizwa wanamhlanje kwezigidi ezingu 66,5. Amathani ngonyaka. Backbone elisukela Samara ngokusebenzisa Bryansk. Edolobheni Mozyr "Druzhba" uhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili:

• eningizimu emgwaqweni omkhulu - sidlula Ukraine, Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, eCzech Republic,
• Northern sesitimela - ngokusebenzisa eJalimane, Latvia, Poland, Belarus naseLithuania.

1. Baltic uhlelo iphayiphi - isimiso amapayipi lebhokisi esikhundleni umkhiqizo kawoyela usuka ethekwini. Amandla umugqa ezinjalo kwezigidi ezingu-74. Amathani uwoyela ngonyaka.
2. I Baltic Pipeline System-2 - kuyinto uhlelo ukuthi uxhumanisa "Druzhba" iphayiphi emathekwini Russian oLwandle iBaltic. Iyini ivolumu? Umthamo 30 mln. Amathani ngonyaka.
3. iphayiphi Eastern uwoyela uxhuma indawo zokukhiqiza eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga eSiberia US kanye nezimakethe Asian. Amandla ala mafutha ifinyelela izigidi ezingu-58. Amathani ngonyaka.
4. ICaspian Pipeline Consortium - umsebenzi obalulekile international iqhaza zikawoyela ezinkulu, wadala for the ukwakhiwa nokusebenza ubude ipayipi obuyizinkulungwane 1.5 km .. Ukusebenza umthamo million 28,2. Amathani ngonyaka.

Negesi amapayipi ezivela eRussia eYurophu

ERussia eYurophu kungase afeza igesi ngezindlela ezintathu: ngokusebenzisa Ukrainian uhlelo igesi ezokuthutha, kanye ngokusebenzisa amapayipi "Nord Stream" futhi "Yamal-Europe." Kuleso simo, uma Ukraine ekugcineni kuphele nobambiswano WaseRussia, ukunikezelwa "fuel blue" eYurophu oyokwenziwa kuphela igesi amapayipi Russia.

Isikimu okuphakelayo methane Europe kudinga, embodiments ezifana:

1. "Nord Stream" - iphayiphi igesi yemvelo exhumanisa Russia nase eJalimane ngaphansi oLwandle iBaltic. Iphayiphi Bypasses amazwe ukuba sendleleni: Belarus, Poland nasemazweni aseBaltic. "Nord Stream" isifakwe ku ukusetshenziswa esanda kutholakala - ngo-2011.
2. "Yamal-Europe" - ubude wegesi amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka anamabini amawaka amapayipi idlule insimu ka-Russia, Belarus, eJalimane nasePoland.
3. "Blue Stream" - wegesi lebhokisi Russian Federation futhi Turkey ngaphansi oLwandle Olumnyama. Ubude bayo elilingana 1213 km. Umthamo design 16 bhiliyoni. Amamitha Cubic ngonyaka.
4. "Ukusakaza Southern" - ipayipi uhlukaniswe ezweni nasolwandle izindawo. kwesigaba Maritime siphela ngaphansi oLwandle Olumnyama Inthanethi Russian Federation, Turkey, Bulgaria. Ubude kuyinto 930 km. Isiqinti esibiza sidlula endaweni waseSerbia, eBulgaria, eHungary, e-Italy, Slovenia.

"Gazprom" kushiwo ukuthi intengo igesi eYurophu 8-14% bayovuswa 2017. abahlaziyi Russian bathi ngevolumu izimpahla kulo nyaka kuyoba ngaphezu ngo-2016. Income igesi ayitholwa Russia angase akhule by Dollars bhiliyoni 34,2. E-2017.

Russian igesi amapayipi: yokungenisa uhlelo

amazwe angomakhelwane, Russia onika igesi zihlanganisa:

1. Ukraine (yokuthengisa sostavlyaet14,5 bhiliyoni cu. M.).
2. Belarus (19.6).
3. Kazakhstan (5.1).
4. Moldova (2.8).
5. Lithuania (2.5).
6. Armenia (1.8).
7. Latvia (1).
8. Estonia (0.4).
9. Georgia (0.3).
10. South Ossetia (0.02).

Phakathi kwamazwe CIS igesi Russian yilezi:

1. Germany (izimpahla ka 40,3 bhiliyoni cu. M.).
2. Turkey (27.3).
3. Italy (21.7).
4. Poland (9.1).
5. United Kingdom (15.5).
6. Czech Republic (0.8), kanye nabanye.

Ukuthengisela gas Ukraine

Ngo-December 2013, "Gazprom" futhi "Naftogaz" ngemvume eyongeziwe inkontileka. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we kwaba "Isaphulelo" intengo entsha, yesithathu ngaphansi kuka ebekiwe inkontileka etholakalayo. ISivumelwano sacala kusebenta ngo-January 1, 2014, futhi kumele zivuselelwe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ngenxa izikweletu igesi "Gazprom" ukhansele isaphulelo ngo-Ephreli 2014, futhi kakade-Ephreli 1, intengo rose, ukufinyelela $ 500 ayizinkulungwane ngayinye. Amamitha Cubic (ngesaphulelo zaba 268.5 dollar ayinkulungwane ngamunye. Amamitha Cubic).

Ukwakhiwa nalehleliwe igesi amapayipi e-Russia

Imephu Russian igesi amapayipi ngaphansi ukuthuthukiswa kuhlanganisa izigaba ezinhlanu. Ayikakasebenziswa iphrojekthi "South Stream" phakathi Anapa futhi Bulgaria, ezakhiwe "Altai" - iphayiphi igesi phakathi eSiberia futhi Western China. igesi iCaspian iphayiphi, okuzokwenza ukuletha igesi yemvelo kusuka yoLwandle iCaspian, esikhathini eside ngizodabula indawo eRussia, Turkmenistan naseKazakhstan. Ukuze izimpahla ezivela Yakutia esifundeni Asia-Pacific, yakhiwa omunye umugqa - "Yakutia-eKhabarovsk-Vladivostok".