Pulse: isici ishayela, ishayela ithebula ngobudala

Phakathi ukusikwa inhliziyo ohlelweni semithambo zinganakiwe elinye ivesi igazi. hit wawo odongeni Umthambo kudala kunyakaza okuyinto asakaze ngokusebenzisa izitsha, ukuze azungeze kancane kancane fade. Kamuva, nabo baziwa ngokuthi ishayela.

Kuyini i-pulse?

Kubantu, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu imithambo yegazi: lemithambo emithanjeni capillary. Dedela igazi enhliziyweni e ngandlela-thile kuthinta wonke omunye wabo, kubenze oscillate udonga. Yiqiniso, njengoba Umthambo esiseduzane izitsha inhliziyo elise kuncike kabanzi ngalo ethonyeni okukhipha inhliziyo. Ekushintshashintsheni ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo zinqunywa kahle palpation, futhi imikhumbi emikhulu ngisho ibonakale ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Yingakho i-pulse lwemithambo esiphawuleka kunazo ukuze kuhlonzwe.

Capillary - izitsha kulencane igazi emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa ngisho ezibakhungethe inhliziyo. ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo izodlidlizela isikhathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kodwa izinga kungaba azimisele kuphela ngosizo kumadivayisi ekhethekile. Lubonakale kuze nqunu iso capillary ishayela - uphawu egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Esebenzisa umfanekiso asuswe inhliziyo ukuze izindonga zawo awaxegi. Okubizwa ngokuthi ishayela emithambo yegazi - a kunyakaza ukudlulisela eduze zishiyane imithambo ezinkulu.

Kungani ukunquma ishayela?

Asho for sitholakele izindonga semithambo kukhona kunyakaza? Kungani lokhu kubaluleke kangaka?

Pulse ikuvumela ukuba wahlulele haemodynamic, kanjani ngempumelelo encishisiwe senhliziyo esilimele, ngokugcwaliswa embhedeni semithambo, ku isigqi uma zisaphila.

Ngo izinqubo eziningi sokugembula kuyahlukahluka ishayela, isici ishayela iyeke nefomethi kuyinsakavukela. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba usola ukuthi esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi hhayi kulungile.

Yini imingcele ukucacisa ishayela? Izimpawu ishayela

1. Rhythm. Inhliziyo evamile ishaya njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi kungakho ukushaya kwenhliziyo kufanele kube onesigqi.
2. Imvamisa. Pulse wave kuvamile kakhulu ngendlela inhlitiyo ishayela ngomzuzu.
3. Voltage. Lokhu kulinganisela incike systolic blood pressure. Ayanda kunjalo, kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuba cindezela Umthambo ngeminwe yakho, okungukuthi, high voltage ishayela.
4. Ukugcwalisa. It kuncike umthamo wegazi ukhiphe by inhliziyo phakathi systole.
5. Ubuningi. Lo mqondo ihlanganisa okuqukethwe nezingxabano.
6. Ifomu - kungenye ipharamitha ukuthi inquma ishayela. izici ishayela ecaleni inikezwe incike izinguquko wegazi izitsha ngesikhathi systole (ukusikwa) kanye diastole (ukuphumula) zenhliziyo.

arrhythmias

Lapho ukwephula noma isizukulwane pulses yi Kufinyeta senhliziyo esilimele we isigqi inhliziyo kuyahlukahluka, futhi nalo, futhi sishintsha ishayela. Ezinye iyehla iyenyuka udonga semithambo aqala ukuwela, noma avele ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma ulandela omunye komunye ngezikhathi okungajwayelekile.

Yiziphi arrhythmias?

Arrhythmias ekushintsheni operation itheku (ingxenye esivimba amanzi okudala pulses okuholela ukwehla kwe-imisipha yenhliziyo)

1. Itheku tachycardia - anda imvamisa Kufinyeta.
2. Itheku bradycardia - ukwehla ukuvama Kufinyeta.
3. Itheku arrhythmia - inhliziyo beat ngezikhathi okungajwayelekile.

arrhythmias ethunjini. Umbala wawo sezivuma lapho umnqopho myocardium nge umsebenzi ephakeme kunaleyo engeyokuqala itheku. Kulesi simo, pacemaker entsha ngeke zivimbele umsebenzi wale mithandazo futhi ukuphoqelela isigqi sabo kwenhliziyo.

1. Beats - ukuvela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile. Kuye kwasendaweni focus ethunjini ka excitation amabhithi kukhona atrial, ventricular futhi atrioventricular.
2. Paroxysmal tachycardia - kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe (kufika ku 180-240 zisaphila ngomzuzu). Njengomhlaba amabhithi kungaba atrial, ventricular futhi atrioventricular.

Ukwephula i-pulse myocardium (blockades). Kuye kwasendaweni zezinkinga ekuthiyeni intuthuko evamile ngiyibona emsipheni kusukela engeyokuqala sinoatrial, ukuvinjelwa zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu:

1. block Sinoauricular (ishayela uya ubhekisise engeyokuqala itheku).
2. block Intraatrial.
3. block Atrioventricular (ngiyibona akuthunyelwa kusukela Atria kuya ventricles). Uma sekuphelile atrioventricular block (III degree) sezivuma ukuthi kukhona umshini wokulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo ezimbili (engeyokuqala sinoatrial kanye maphakathi excitation ku ventricles inhliziyo).
4. block Intraventricular.

Eceleni kufanele uhlale futhi nokucwayiza flutter atrial noma fibrillation. Lezi zimo zibizwa futhi ngokuthi arrhythmia ngokuphelele. Itheku node kulokhu akuseyona pacemaker, futhi myocardium we Atria noma ventricles akhiwa foci amaningi ethunjini ka excitation ukuthi ukuchaza isigqi inhliziyo nge okukhulu imvamisa ukunciphisa. Njengoba kulindelekile, lezi zimo, imisipha yenhliziyo akakwazi encishisiwe ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, lo zokugula (ikakhulukazi kusukela ventricles) esisongela ukuphila kwakho.

kwenhliziyo

Ukuphumula kwenhliziyo ngenxa omdala kuyinto 60-80 amabhithi ngeminithi. Yiqiniso, lesi sibalo kuyahlukahluka kukho konke ukuphila. Pulse ngobudala kuyahluka kakhulu.

Kungenzeka ukushayisana phakathi kwe-inombolo kwenhliziyo futhi isibalo amagagasi ishayela. Lokhu kwenzeka uma esegazini ukhiphe nomqulu omncane igazi (esingamahlalakhona senhliziyo ebuthaka, nokuncipha inani afundwa igazi). Kulokhu oscillations izindonga isitsha kungenzeki.

Ngakho, ishayela komuntu (evamile nobudala kukhonjisiwe ngenhla) akunqunywa njalo imithambo neuropathy. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi inhliziyo nayo encishisiwe. Kungase kube ukwehla ejection ingxenyenamba.

voltage

Kuye ushintsho le nkomba siyashintsha nokushaya kwenhliziyo. ishayela voltage nobuntu division yayo inikeza izinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. ishayela okuqinile. Ngenxa ukunyuka komfutho wegazi (BP), ikakhulukazi i-systolic. Ncinza umfula ngeminwe yakho kulokhu kunzima kakhulu. Ukuvela kwalesi ishayela izinhlobo kubonisa isidingo aqondiswe ngokushesha wegazi nezidakamizwa antihypertensive.
2. ishayela Soft. I Umthambo onomfutho kalula, futhi akusiwona ezinhle kakhulu, ngoba lolu hlobo ishayela eyabonisa eliphansi kakhulu umfutho wegazi. Kungase kube ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene: zokunciphisa umthamo wegazi, ukuncishiswa ithoni semithambo, uma zisaphila ukungasebenzi kahle.

ukugcwaliswa

Kuye izinguquko le nkomba yilezi ezilandelayo izinhlobo ishayela:

1. Okugcwele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunyatheliswa igazi e imithambo ngokwanele.
2. Engenalutho. Lokhu ishayela kwenzeka uma umthamo elincane legazi ukhiphe by inhliziyo phakathi systole. Izizathu simo abe zokugula wenhliziyo (senhliziyo, arrhythmia ne kakhulu kwenhliziyo) noma ukwehla umthamo wegazi emzimbeni (ukopha, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni).

Inani i-pulse

Le nkomba ihlanganisa okuqukethwe bese ishayela voltage. It kuncike ngokuyinhloko ukunwetshwa imithambo ngesikhathi ukusikwa inhliziyo nokungcebeleka at kwamazinyo yayo infarction. Ubukhulu lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ishayela:

1. Esikhulu (high quality). Kwenzeka esimweni lapho kukhona ukwanda ejection ingxenyenamba futhi kwehle lwemithambo odongeni ithoni. Ubukhulu umfutho systole futhi diastole kuyahlukahluka (oyedwa umjikelezo inhliziyo wokusebenza liyophuma ngokucijile bese incipha kakhulu). Izizathu okuholela okuvela ishayela ezinkulu kungenzeka esingamahlalakhona yomthambo i-aorta, thyrotoxicosis, imfiva.
2. ishayela Amancane. Igazi kule semithambo ukhiphe kancane ithoni lwemithambo izindonga kuphezulu, ekushintshashintsheni ukugandeleleka systole futhi ongaphakeme diastole. Izizathu zalokhu isimo: stenosis yomthambo i-aorta, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukopha, ukushaqeka. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukubaluleka ishayela kungaba ezincane (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ishayela thready).
3. ishayela Uniform. It libhekene njengoba ukubaluleka ishayela kuyinto evamile.

Ubujamo oscillation ishayela

Kuleli ipharamitha ishayela ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Fast. Kulokhu, ngesikhathi systole ingcindezi ku-aorta is kakhulu anda, futhi diastole incipha ngokushesha. ishayela Rapid kuwuphawu nobuntu esingamahlalakhona yomthambo i-aorta.
2. Slow. Isimo okuphambene, lapho kukhona okukhulu ingcindezi yokwehla kwezinga lo systole futhi diastole. ishayela okunjalo ngokuvamile ubonisa khona stenosis yomthambo i-aorta.

Indlela ukuphenya ishayela kahle?

Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu uyakwazi okudingeka kwenziwe ukuze sinqume ukuthi i-pulse umuntu. Nokho, ngisho zokukhwabanisa lelula inezici odinga ukukwazi.

Pulse ihlolwe peripheral (osabalalayo) kanye isiqu (carotid) imithambo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ongaphakeme okukhipha inhliziyo azungeze namagagasi ishayela ayikwazi ukutholwa.

Cabanga indlela palpate ishayela ususondele. Umthambo osabalalayo iyatholakala ucwaningo esihlakaleni ngezansi nje kumila isithupha. Uma kubhekwa i-pulse palpated kokubili imithambo (kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele), njengoba kungase kube nezimo lapho pulses ingcindezi kuzohluka ezingalweni zombili. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokucinana we esitsheni kusukela ngaphandle (isib isimila) noma occlusion of Isikhala sayo esingaphakathi zayo (thrombus, qwembe atherosclerotic). Ngemva kokuqhathanisa isihloko ishayela elinganisiwe engalweni lapho engcono palpated. Kubalulekile ukuthi ekutadisheni ishayela ekushintshashintsheni ku Umthambo wayengeyena umuntu ngomunwe, futhi (ahaqe kakhulu ngempumelelo esihlakaleni ukuze iminwe 4, ngaphandle isithupha, ayesezibhebheni Umthambo osabalalayo) ambalwa.

Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi ishayela ngesikhathi Umthambo carotid? Uma neuropathy amagagasi ishayela ayinawo, ungakwazi ukuhlola i-pulse izitsha ezinkulu. Indlela elula uzame futhi nikuthole Umthambo carotid. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iminwe emibili (Inkomba kanye maphakathi) kumele agqoke endaweni lapho afakwa Umthambo esibekiwe (emaphethelweni phambi imisipha sternocleidomastoid phezulu apula Adamu sika). Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ilungelo ukuphenya i-pulse nhlangothi zombili akunakwenzeka. Ukucindezela kwemithambo yegazi ezimbili carotid kungabangela thuthuva kwegazi ebuchosheni.

Pulse uphumule nangaphansi ukusebenza evamile hemodynamic kunqunywa kalula njengoba e-peripheral nezitsha emaphakathi.

A amazwi ambalwa esiphethweni

Pulse umuntu (esejwayelekile kumele ngempela ukuba kubhekelwe kucwaningo) ikuvumela ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho mayelana nesimo se-hemodynamics. Lezi noma ezinye izinguquko ngamandla kwenhliziyo oscillation imingcele ngokuvamile izici isici uthi ezithile sokugembula. Yingakho ukutadisha ishayela ongowenani elikhulu zokuxilonga.