Ubukhulu e umculo: le abizwa zilwane. I beat e umculo

Wonke umuntu, ofundela umculo njalo uya esifundweni ka notation emculweni futhi solfege. Futhi omunye eqinisweni eliyisisekelo silingana umculo. Okulandelayo ezocatshangelwa izinhlobo zabo eziyinhloko, izindlela ukuzimisela ezinye inhlanganisela ezivamile.

Umqondo imitha zomculo

Ngaphambi kokunikeza incazelo kuyini isignesha isikhathi, kudingeka unombono mayelana nomqondo, ngokuthi imitha zomculo.

Kukholakala ukuthi yonke umculo isekelwe okuthiwa yezwakala - alternation ingxenye elinganayo okuyisikhathi okungaba abaqinile nababuthakathaka. share Strong njalo endaweni yokuqala ebonisa ikhono lokungacasuli. Kodwa akumelwe edidekile beats eqinile ngendlela ehlukile, ezifana Ukukhetha kungaba akhawunti kanye amabhithi ababuthakathaka.

Ngo umculo wesimanje, ngokuvamile zingatholakala amamitha, ehlanganisa iyizingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngamagama alula imitha bilobate siqukethe enamandla kanye eyodwa beat ababuthakathaka (eyodwa nambili) kanye imitha kathathu - enamandla kanye ezimbili ababuthakathaka (kunye, kubili, ezintathu). Ngakho, imitha zomculo lingachazwa ngokuthi inqubo ukubalwa alternations noma ngisho njengoba uhlobo igridi yesikhashana nge ukulandelana esibekiwe ngamasheya yayo.

Izinhlobo ukwabelana nezinhlobonhlobo zazo

Ukuqonda ukuthi yini isignesha sikhathi, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ulwazi share zilwane. Njengoba kuye kwashiwo, zingabantu kunjalo elula zihlukaniswe kahle izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka.

Nokho, abanye bangase baphikise, bethi, kodwa siyini usayizi ezivame kakhulu 4/4? Ngo umculo, kunenkolelo ukuthi isabelo sokuqala kuba namandla, lesibili nelesine - sibuthakathaka, kepha eyesithathu - kuqhathaniswa enamandla. usayizi kukodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba siqukethe primes ezimbili. Kodwa lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngokwehlukile.

I beat e umculo

Manje amagama ambalwa mayelana nencazelo isu lokungacunuli. Ngamagama alula, isigqi umculo - inani umsindo komunye downbeat.

Kungakhathaliseki kwathiwa kangakanani ezishiwo isignesha isikhathi lamasheya esewonke, emjikelezweni Ingase ithanyelwe eyodwa kuphela downbeat futhi iyiphi inombolo izimfanelo isihlobo nalapho bebafushane khona. I-Akhawunti emjikelezweni njalo iqala nge "isikhathi." Kuye ngobukhulu, inani angathathwa njengomuntu "izikhathi nambili" ( "eyodwa ezimbili ezintathu"), "esisodwa ezimbili i" ( "isikhathi-futhi-emibili Tri-i"), njll . d.

Isikhathi isignesha umculo: izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Ekugcineni, siphendukela nomqondo ngosayizi. Ubukhulu umculo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi zezinombolo imitha inkulumo ebonisa isikhathi isihlobo bese wabelana lemali yabo Imininingwane komunye umjikelezo.

Kungani sisebenzisa umqondo adlulayo isihlobo? Kodwa kuphela ngoba isabelo kungaba kuphihlizwe zibe izingxenye, okuyinto ayinikeze imitha zomculo. Ngokwesibonelo, 4/4 e umculo, umise zesi-Latin «C», sihlinzekela linye ehlanganisa ikota amanothi emine inani.

Kodwa ngamunye inothi ikota kungabuye imelelwa inhlanganisela eighths, sixteenths, inkulungwane ezingamatshumi amathathu wesibili noma ayisithupha nane amanothi! Indlela bayobizwa kuhlanganiswe nomunye, unquma ukuba umqambi yena. Into esemqoka - ukuthi sum yabo ingeqi isikhathi ingqikithi umsindo elihambisana yomine. Kodwa lokhu izisekelo kokukwazi zomculo.

Njengoba for the zilwane main, isignesha nesikhathi umculo zihlukaniswe elula eziyinkimbinkimbi. osayizi eyindida zihlanganisa futhi isigaba elixutshwe, okungezona ziyalingana, futhi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Simple isikhathi amasignisha

Ngokusekelwe ukuqonda imitha, kungenzeka ukuchaza ubukhulu, umculo kuthiwa nje. Bona ukuhlukanisa bilobate futhi eyisitezi. Esimweni sokuqala, ukuphindaphinda share eqinile zenzeka ngokusebenzisa obuthakathaka, futhi okwesibili - amabili.

Amasayizi ezivamile ezibhekwa bilobate 2/8, 2/4 futhi 2/2 (2/2 ubukhulu umculo, kanye 2/8, kuyinto evamile futhi kubhekwe kuphela njengengxenye ulwazi theory). Kwamamitha ternary, lawa 3/4, 3/8 futhi 3/2. Nalapha futhi, izilinganiso 3/2 noma 3/8 azisetshenziswa, futhi ubukhulu "emithathu ikota" yikho okuvame kakhulu (isb, isetshenziswa cishe zonke waltz).

Inxanxathela isikhathi amasignisha

Ubukhulu Inxanxathela esimweni elula, kufanele aqondwe njengokufaka inyunyana ezimbili noma ngaphezulu elula. Kulokhu, kubalulekile beat lokuqala ubukhulu lokuqala unamandla, futhi sengathi isabelo eqinile lesibili ihamba ngokuzenzakalelayo ku isigaba kuqhathaniswa enamandla.

Amasayizi eziyinkimbinkimbi elula ukuqonda silingana efana 4/4, 4/2, 6/4, 6/2, 6/8, 12/8, 8/4, 8/8. Njengoba ubona, lezi osayizi kukhona ufana nomunye, isibonelo, 8/8 - kungcono into efanayo 4/4.

Nezinhlamvu ezihlangene azilingani isikhathi amasignisha

Enye into - osayizi okuxubile. Ngo umculo, lo five- esivamile, seven-, nine- futhi odinnadtsatidolnye inhlanganisela. Futhi ukulandelana kwamafrakshini, ngokulandelana, singase sehluke ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga 5/4.

Lapho edala lokhu usayizi isebenzisa izithako elula: 2/4 futhi 3/4. Kodwa inhlanganisela kungaba ngesimo futhi "3 + 2" futhi "3 + 2". Ngakho, kukhona offset kusukela beat eqinile.

Iningi, mhlawumbe, a izingoma egqamile futhi owaziwa ezilotshwe kule usayizi ukuhlanganiswa "3 + 2" kusengathiwa "Aria Marii Magdaliny" edwaleni opera Endryu Lloyda Webber sika "iisus hristos - Superstar".

Njengoba for nye Ubukhulu, lapho inhlanganisela kungaba ngaphezulu. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, 7/8 isikhathi isignesha kungase kuhilele ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu "2 + 2 + 3", "2 + 3 + 2" noma "3 + 2 + 2". Esikhathini Ubukhulu nine- futhi odinnadtsatidolnyh kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, ngokulandelana, ngaphezulu. Kodwa uma udala umculo nokusetshenziswa usayizi enjalo kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi isilaleli isilinganiso ekuzwa lokho Ihubo ibonwa kanzima, futhi kukwenze kube bengayi wonke umuntu.

Nakuba, uma ubheka imichilo ukudlala Thrash metal, ababhekana nalo esihle nje, futhi ngempela ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe riffs "Ragged" nge elula ezivamile noma Ubukhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngokwesibonelo, iqembu elifanayo Xentrix yimpumelelo kakhulu enye ubukhulu 3/4 nge ezintathu eighths yabelana futhi 7/8 ngayinye, ngezinye izikhathi ngokungeza 9/8. Ngokwemvelo, isilaleli ungakulungele ukucacisa ubukhulu indlebe kusukela okokuqala ngeke kube lula kangaka, kodwa kuzwakala kakhulu, ithakazelisa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, zakudala uhlobo.

Variable isikhathi amasignisha

Lolu hlobo Ubukhulu e umculo ezingajwayelekile kakhulu, futhi ikakhulu temdzabu zomculo kazwelonke. Bulgarian Folk - sibonelo esigqamile.

Wona kanye umqondo welithi ethemini kusho kuphela ukuthi ukwakheka usayizi base angahluka izikhathi eziningana, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ezivamile amaningi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eziningana Ubukhulu engalingani.

Izindlela yokunquma inani

Ekunqumeni Usayizi isilaleli uncika kuphela indlebe yakhe futhi umuzwa isigqi. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuqonda lapho kuzwakala downbeat, okuyindawo udinga ukwenza isiqalo.

Nokho, cishe zonke izikole umculo ukuqeqeshwa abafundi izifundo indlebe babesebenzisa isu elikhethekile beqhuba. Ngokwesibonelo, 4/4 uvezwa njengoMahluleli wendiza isandla phansi kuqala, bese - kwesokunxele, bese - futhi kwesokunene nezinhlanu phezulu (ngokuvamisile 45 degrees).

Ngamakota amathathu - lima phansi, kwesokudla naphezulu. Six eighths - ukubhakuzisa phansi, kwesokunxele, kwesokudla, bese phezulu, futhi ezimbili phezulu kwesokudla isignali ezibukwayo (noma ezinye inhlanganisela). Nokho, ekuqaleni, ekunqumeni Ubukhulu ekulalela nokubhala dictations othisha ukuthuthukisa abafundi nomuzwa isigqi, ngenhloso ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana beat enamandla ngesilinganiso ngasinye. Kuyinto ithekhniki le kuvumela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu esikhathini esizayo uzokwazi ukucacisa uhlobo iyiphi ngohlangothi (ngisho ikhumbula alternation yabo) ngokuzimela futhi ngaphandle nangezindlela noma amathiphu.

isiphetho

Uma udwebe umugqa, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ubukhulu umculo kuxhumene kakhulu ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ukuhambisana nokuqonda imitha zomculo, yabelana ezingamabhangqa nemigoqo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ufunde indlela ukuchaza ngokucacile lokho ncamashi ubukhulu umsindo kunoma iyiphi umsebenzi zomculo, ngaphandle izisekelo kokukwazi zomculo ukuqeqeshwa indlebe nalolo.

Nokho, abafundi abaningi, lokungenani ekucaleni, ukuqeqeshwa indlebe, uma sikubeka kahle, ungathandi, ucabangela ayidingeki futhi kunzima ukuliqonda. Nokho, khona-ke nguye kakhulu isisekelo enikeza evundile okungamila kumiswa indoda njengoba umculi we eliphakeme ezingeni okhokhelwayo. Phela, ngisho Richi Blekmor, guitarist odumo emhlabeni, ababedlala emaqenjini anjalo owaziwa njengo Deep Purple kanye Rainbow, wagomela ngokuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya yeminwe phezu fingerboard - akuyona inqubo. Ngaphandle kolwazi kanye canons classical umculo ingcweti wezinga eliphakeme kakhulu akunakwenzeka.

Ngakho ukuthi abaculi imfundamakhwela kungenziwa belulekwa ukuba sibekezele futhi sikhuthazele futhi ukufunda lezi zihloko kahle. Ngo umculo imfundo, uma mina bangase basho kanjalo, kuba - njengoba "Baba wethu."