Pedology - iwukuba bavisise ...

Pedology - kuyinto isayensi, ngokuhlanganisa amaqhinga wezokwelapha, biology, pedagogy futhi psycho-amasu kuya ekukhuleni kwengane. Nakuba inkulumo ethi siphelelwe isikhathi futhi usezuze ifomethi nengane kwengqondo, izindlela jikelele pedological ka amehlo ososayensi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba abantu abangaphandle kwezwe ngokwesayensi.

indaba

umlando Pedology iqala West ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. ukuvela kwalo kakhulu nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni kakhulu amagatsha laloko pedagogy zokuhlola kanye psychology. Inhlanganisela izindlela ezifanayo yokwakheka-bokuphila yemvelo kwenzeka ngo paedology athutha. Okuningi ngokunembile, bekubonakala nje isuke ibangelwa a, cwaningo eziyinkimbinkimbi esibanzi of kwengqondo izingane nokuziphatha kwabo.

Igama elithi "pedology" laqanjwa American Usosayensi-umcwaningi Krismanom Oscar e 1853. Inchazelo lesiGreki ngokuthi "isayensi izingane" (Pedos - ingane, amalogo - isayensi, isifundo).

yizimbaxa

Imisebenzi yokuqala ku pedology abhalwa American zokusebenza kwengqondo GS Hall, J .. Baldwin futhi physiologist W. Preyer. Kwaphela eside isikhathi bemi imisuka kwengqondo zentuthuko abuthela esitolo enkulu idatha enokwehla ekuthuthukisweni kanye nasekuqalisweni ukuziphatha kwezingane. imisebenzi yabo wamavukelambuso ngezindlela eziningi futhi yakha isisekelo ingane futhi Psychology zentuthuko.

eRussia

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-zamanje ezintsha zesayensi ukungena Russia (ke USSR) futhi wathola enye inkondlo elama ofaneleyo imisebenzi wezifo zengqondo kanye reflexology VM Spondylitis, AP sokusebenza kwengqondo Nechayev, physiologist E. Moymana pathologists futhi GI Rossolimo. Ngamunye wabo esenziwa umsebenzi wabo baye bazama ukuchaza futhi bahlanganise imithetho kwezingane kanye nezindlela ukulungiswa yayo.

Pedology eRussia yazuza kwenkululeko esisebenzayo: wavula pedological nezikhungo futhi "Indlu Wezingane" (eMoscow), eziningi izifundo ezikhethekile. Izikole olwenziwa ukuhlolwa ngokwengqondo, imiphumela okuyinto amakilasi of imishini iphutha. Ucwaningo nengane kwengqondo zazixhunywe zokusebenza kwengqondo ehamba phambili, physiologists, odokotela kanye nothisha yezwe. Konke lokhu kwakwenziwa ngenjongo ucwaningo olunzulu kakhulu ekukhuleni kwengane. Nokho, umsebenzi elula esinjalo ngempela bathethelele indlela.

Ngonyaka ka-20 th e pedology Russian - lokhu ukunyakaza yesayensi inkulu, kodwa hhayi wesayensi oyinkimbinkimbi. Inkinga enkulu zamagama wolwazi umntwana ukuntuleka ukuhlaziywa owandulelayo izindlela isayensi, abakha lesi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

amaphutha

Iphutha esemqoka ye pedologists Soviet njengesenzo underestimation ngendima yokuba izici zofuzo eziyingozi ekuthuthukiseni izingane ithonya labo ekubumbeni ubuntu we isimo senhlalo. Ngo isici esisebenzayo kuya amaphutha yesayensi zihlanganisa isipelingi ukusetshenziswa intelligence izivivinyo.

Esikhathini 30s konke ukushiyeka ziye kancane kancane ukulungiswa kanye pedology Soviet Isiqalo ngendlela beqiniseka kakhudlwana futhi okunenjongo. Nokho, ngo-1936 waba 'mbumbulu isayensi ", okunganambitheki isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona. I ucwaningo wamavukelambuso eligoqiwe, lab pedological ivaliwe. Ukuhlola indlela eyinhloko pedological, kwaba sengozini e umkhuba ezemfundo. Njengoba imiphumela iningi lezingane Kwatholakala ukuthi wayenesiphiwo abapristi, Abamhlophe kanye nezazi "bolile", kunokuba yesigaba sabasebenzi. Futhi kwakungeyona iyahambisana imibono party. Ngakho ukukhulisa kwethu abantwana wabuyela amafomu bendabuko, okwaholela yokujama tsi e lefundo.

Izimiso pedology

Kutfutfukiswa pedology eRussia owembule imiphumela, lenzeka izimiso zesayensi eziyisisekelo:

• Pedology - ulwazi kwemfundzi ngalokuphelele. Kule isikhundla, kubhekwa hhayi "piecemeal", futhi bebonke, ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba ukudalwa begazi, ezenhlalo, ngokwengqondo, njll Zonke izici isifundo sakhe basuke esihlobene futhi okwakuthandelene nomunye. Kodwa lokhu akulona nje kuveze inqwaba idatha kanye iyiqoqo izinhlelo theory olunembile nezindlela.
• Esinye isici sendawo kwaba pedologists isimiso zofuzo. It is ngenkuthalo wafunda sokusebenza kwengqondo LS Vygotsky. On isibonelo yokukhuluma loya muntu owayezicabangela wengane ( "inkulumo lokususa umsindo"), wabonisa ukuthi sophomoric noma 'ukuvungazela ngaphansi umoya wakhe, "kuyinto esigabeni sokuqala yokukhuluma yangaphakathi noma ekucabangeni kwabantu. Isimiso bofuzo ubonisa ukwanda kwalesi simo.
• Isimiso sesithathu - ekutadisheni ebuntwaneni - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo senhlalo kanye ukuphila kakhulu nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ngokwengqondo wengane kanye laba balobi abakuloba. Ngakho, ukunganakwa noma ukuqina imfundo, ukungondleki kuthinte nempilo yengqondo bokuphila ingane.
• Isimiso wesine ibaluleke esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile pedology - aphuma ezweni ingane ukufunda ukuyiguqula. Kule ndaba idaliwe kokubonisana pedological, izingxoxo nabazali, uphethwe ngokwengqondo izingane.

Pedology - wesayensi oyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho izimiso zalo zisuselwa Ucwaningo olunzulu ingane. Psychology futhi pedology eside sezihlonziwe nomunye, ekhishwa eThemini yesibili. Ngakho-ke, alawula pedology usakhonza aspect ngokwengqondo.

Kusukela 50s umbono ingxenye pedology kwaqala ukubuyela le pedagogy kanye psychology. Futhi eminyakeni engu-20 kamuva yaqala ukwenza umsebenzi kwezemfundo usebenzisa test on ekukhuleni ngokwengqondo kwezingane.