Okungase kufaniswe ... noma incazelo emfushane omunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu umthetho

Umuzwa jikelele zesayensi kanye jikelele precedent - uyinto ngaphambi ukuqaqa umcimbi basisebenzisa njengeHholo isisekelo sokuthethelelwa izilinganiso zawo. Leligama lisetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi yolwazi nokuphila kwansuku Nokho, kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe uma recollected sandulela zomthetho.

Igama elithi ngokwawo isibonelo (izwi lihunyushwe lisuselwa Latin - "odlule") ngomqondo zomthetho, kwabonakala eRoma yasendulo. Nokho, kuphela XVIII -. XIX leminyaka, e Yokukhanyiselwa kanye iNguquko Yezezimboni, waba kabanzi umkhuba umthetho.

Modern Law Dictionary ikunikeza incazelo elandelayo: precedent - ke wathola ngaphambilini isinqumo enkantolo icala elithile, okuyinto uba isisekelo isinqumo Kwezinye izimo ezifanayo.

Kule ncazelo singaphetha ngokuthi isibonelo - ke, ngaphezu kwakho konke, isenzo ekwakhiweni kwemithetho, zaba isihloko esivelele ngazo ungumahluleli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwenkululeko zokwahlulela kwemtsetfo iyincane kakhulu kunalelo ePhalamende kwemtsetfo. Ngakho, lesi isibonelo ijaji akulona main, futhi ngu-umkhiqizo womsebenzi walo, okuyinto kuveza kuphela ngaphakathi kwemingcele ngohlaka lomthetho selivele likhona ezweni elithile.

Isidingo thwa sasiyosetshenziswa ngoba amalungiselelo angokomthetho ngokwanele jikelele, ngakho nakanjani lapho kuthiwa okuthiwa "izikhala umthetho." Kuyinto izenzo zabo futhi kufanele ezakha ekwakhiweni kwemithetho zokwahlulela, okuzokwenza ekugcineni athathe indawo yakhe lwetemtsetfo yezwe.

Ekuhlaziyeni main yemithetho kufanele bahlukanise kahle phakathi imiqondo "thwa sasiyosetshenziswa" futhi "wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo." Zibe - okungukuthi, okokuqala kunakho konke, isixazululo ethile, kuyilapho umkhuba lomthetho lonke uchungechunge izinqumo zenkantolo efanayo ukuthi zithathwa e kohlaka ekuqhutshweni eside enkantolo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi hhayi wonke amazwe thwa sasiyosetshenziswa ungumthombo umthetho ngomqondo ogcwele wegama. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ngokwemvelo, idlala indima ebalulekile emazweni-Anglo-Saxon sikhungo lesisemtsetfweni (United Kingdom, South Africa, e-USA, Canada, India), isimiso somthetho okuyizona wadala ngesisekelo icala umthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona uthi lapho okungase kufaniswe Inani senyukile ne isikhathi: France, Liechtenstein, eJalimane, eSpain, naseLatin America. ERussia, umthombo umthetho ayibonwa ngokusemthethweni, nakuba kunentuthuko eminyakeni yamuva zitholakala lapha.

Isibonelo Classic of isimo nge athuthukile case-umthetho yilona United Kingdom. Nokho, ngisho lapha uhla lempahla ingenza izinqumo esikhathini esizayo kukhona isibopho sokuba bonke phezulu kakhulu elinganiselwe. Lawa Inkantolo kuphela Ephakeme, iNkantolo lePhakeme kanye House of Lords. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkantolo ke izixazululo esetshenziswa akuzona ngokuphelele, kodwa kuphela isici yabo ekhethekile - okubizwa ngokuthi "ikhambi essence", okuyinto uyilungiselelo umthetho osebenzayo ukuze izimpikiswano eziye kabusha kwavela uxhumano ne amaqiniso ayisisekelo yinkantolo.