Ogandaganda Russia: tinkhulumo, izici lobuchwepheshe. tractor Russian ezenziwe

Ngezikhathi tractor Soviet elivezwa izikhala elalivuliwe (futhi share sengonyama wamabhizinisi elise ensimini ka Russia), mhlawumbe kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Esikhathini 90, lapho emakethe Russian of imishini yezolimo kwaba khona ukuthula okukhulu, kwathiwa ngokushesha zizogcwaliswa izimoto American, abantu baseYurophu abathuthela kule Chinese. tractor Namuhla Russian ezenziwe kancane kancane uphinde ukwazi ukuvelela yayo yangaphambili. Isizathu ulula: basuke ingashintshwa ukuze sanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu hhayi kakhulu olindele izinga nophethiloli. Namuhla sibheka ethandwa kakhulu ugandaganda izimboni eRussia kanye onobuhle zabo phezulu.

Volgograd isitshalo

Isinqumo ukwakha lesi sitshalo senziwe 1926. Kwaba esisodwa amabhizinisi lokuqala izimboni, eyakhelwe ngokuvumelana izinhlelo kwezimboni okusheshayo eSoviet Union. Kuze 1961, lesi sitshalo wabizwa ngokuthi kwaseStalingrad TK kubo. F. E. Dzerzhinskogo. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo yayo yahanjelwa ochwepheshe Western. Abathandwayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isitshalo lakhiwa e-US, bese adiliza futhi yathunyelwa izinqamu ngezinqamu-USSR, lapho ibandla lase livumelana kuye izinyanga 6. isitshalo Ekhona kubhekwa kusukela 1930. Ngokushesha wathola isimo omunye imikhiqizo enkulu tractor isibungu eRussia.

Le nkampani ngokukhethekile izimoto zilandelwa. Isizathu sisobala - ngokungafani onobuhle ezinamasondo ngesikhatsi operation ke ngeke kuyilimaze ungqimba inhlabathi evundile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zilandelwa izimoto, sibonga ayo wonke, lunamandla esikhulu permeability. Nokho, lesi sitshalo Akahlosile ukuphumula azithele ngabandayo wethu ngempumelelo. Isu lokuphathwa kusungulwe udaba bese izinguqulo ezinamasondo. Ethandwa kakhulu Russian ugandaganda zilandelwa Volgograd isitshalo - DT-75 futhi Tu-100. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

DT-75

Ugandaganda DT-75 - isibungu, ezweni Imininingwane wezolimo. Ngo-2013, ngesikhathi Volgograd isitshalo kwasho iminyaka engu-50 nje kokukhululwa kwe-imodeli. Umkhiqizo iyona enkulu kunazo abakhasi ugandaganda ukukhiqizwa e-USSR. Through inhlanganisela ukusebenza okuhle (umnotho, kube lula, ukuseviswa) futhi eziphansi iyunithi atholwe elihle kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya.

Phakathi ukukhiqizwa ugandaganda DT-75 ngokuphindaphindiwe olwesimanje. Kuze 2009, kwathiwa kukhiqizwa futhi kwathengwa amakhophi angaphezu kuka-2741. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo 2009, omunye restyling ugandaganda iphutha. Imodeli olusha has igama elisha - "AGROMASH 90TG" kanye nokusebenza ngcono. Ugandaganda ifakwe cab entsha, hood plastic, kanye motor imvelo Finnish Sisu. Umbala ushintshiwe obomvu bendabuko okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe kanye orange nangezindlela. Umenzi ngeke wenze imodeli zokukhiqiza, njengoba zithandwa kakhulu kubalimi.

BT-100

Eqinisweni, le imodeli inguqulo ethuthukisiwe kulowo odlule. BT-100 ugandaganda has a 4th ekilasini traction futhi ifakwe 130-amahhashi injini D-422-24, ifakwe ophephela, emoyeni heatsink futhi EMOYENI. Kusukela "big brother" imodeli futhi izici endlwaneni olusha ukhululekile, uhlobo olusha emoyeni isihlukanisi kanye hood alo. Motor, ngokuba enamandla kakhulu futhi ukonga, ukuphathwa inhlabathi kabili okhiqiza amandla plant DT-75. Kulokhu-ke ngu-20% esesuthi nesizotha more.

Izinguqulo eziningana ziye kusetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngoba irayisi adaliwe ngesisekelo BT-100, u-beetroot, irowu izitshalo, kanye lapho besebenza ezithelo nezivini. Ngesisekelo efanayo ogandaganda etholakalayo kanye nogandaganda ukuze kwakhiwe umgwaqo imisebenzi. Kuye imodeli injini itholakala izinguqulo ezimbili: HT-100D (injini D-442-24) kanye BT-100N (SMD-20TA injini).

Transmission kuqinisekisa ubuncane amandla ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi enokwethenjelwa. Ngo imodeli esetshenziswa ohlelweni Lubrication ophoqelelwe, a pnevmoservirovaniem yaw indlela kanye ne-transmission nge njalo anezikhala amagiya. Ngenxa olinganiselayo uhlelo ithrekhi-agibele amahhashi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza abushelelezi futhi nomthelela othize emhlabathini.

Chelyabinsk isitshalo

Siyaqhubeka ukubuka Russia kanye nezinkampani ugandaganda esikhiqiza kubo. Chelyabinsk ugandaganda isitshalo futhi ngokukhethekile ukukhiqiza izimoto zilandelwa. On the umthamo ibhizinisi kwenza ogandaganda, okuyinto efanelwe kakhulu hhayi nje eRussia kanye amazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union, kodwa futhi eYurophu.

Kuyinto ngaleso isitshalo Chelyabinsk benza ngogandaganda okuye kwagadla Guinness Book of Records njengoba umshini ngobukhulu Emhlabeni. Record eyayibekwe ngo-1990, baba imodeli T-800. I kunazo owaziwa neyaziwayo ngosuku zalesi sihlahla kucatshangwa tractor ogandaganda B-10M, B-12 no-B-13. Mayelana nabo bese ukhuluma ku.

B-10M

Bulldozer ugandaganda ithuthukela uhlobo lomkhiqizo T-10 Chelyabinsk isitshalo. Emlandweni imodeli, wanikezwa ukulungiswa 75. Izinguqulo ezindala zide futhi olwesimanje. The main izixazululo lobuchwepheshe eziye lwenteke:

1. Ukusetshenziswa eside unhlangothi amasilinda. Lokhu kunciphise ingcindezi kohlelo wokubacindezela ngo-40% bese ukhulisa empilweni yalo.
2. Point offset amasilinda obandayo. Lesi isilinganiso kuzonciphisa amandla Ukungena futhi blade lift, kanye ukwandisa isivinini yayo kanye nokunemba ukunyakaza.
3. Ukubuyekeza isakhiwo kwelinye lamagumbi injini. Linikeza ukufinyelela ukhululekile ukuba injini sesondlo.
4. Umklamo ebuyekeziwe ikhaba hemispherical. Lesi isilinganiso kuye kwaholela ekwandeni umshini umkhiqizo ngama-20%.

Imodeli yakhelwe ukusebenza emhlabathini esigabeni sesithathu ngaphandle ziba ngcono wokulungiselela, inhlabathi isigaba 4 nge ziba ngcono, ukujula eqhweni futhi amatshe waphuka. ngokulinganayo Bulldozer ukubhekana kahle umsebenzi emoyeni ngaphansi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa kanye nomswakama.

B-12

I design yalesi ngogandaganda isicelo izixazululo eziye evivinywa imodeli langaphambilini, futhi izinto eziningi ezenzekayo ezintsha. Model ifakwe motor ezimise-V udizili YaMZ B4-234, okuyinto has a turbocharged uphethiloli supply. Amandla isitshalo 250 amahhashi. Ugandaganda ifakwe ukudluliswa wokubacindezela mechanical, okusho 3 emuva imodi phambili.

Track lande laba ngu-2080 mm, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufaka izicathulo isibungu 560 noma 690 mm. Ubude ebusweni support 3182 mm. izici Technical zedivayisi ukuvumela ukukuthwala ukuba ekilasini le-15 traction.

B-13

Uma ucabangela ugandaganda Russia, sesifike ngogandaganda eziphambili kakhulu oluqanjwe Chelyabinsk isitshalo. Onjiniyela ngokugxila hhayi kuphela kwi-technical okuyingxenye, kodwa futhi ukuklanywa imodeli. It ihlangana zonke nemithetho yamanje yaseYurophu. Bulldozer ifakwe imishini yamuva esindayo. Inama nenjini YaMZ 236-B4, okuyinto lunamandla ka 230 amahhashi. Isici esiyinhloko imodeli - kungenzeka umsebenzi irreproachable e zesimo sezulu esibi. Iyunithi yakhelwe ukusebenza ekwakheni, sokufunwa, izimayini, uwoyela nezinye izimboni lapho esetshenziswa imishini esindayo. Ngokuvamile inkulumo ethi "okusha ugandaganda Russia" libhekisela zalolu hlobo locingo.

Kirovsky isitshalo

Lena ifektri odlule, esasihlangana nabo, ucabangela isihloko "tractor Russian ezenziwe." Le nkampani elise Petersburg. It yasungulwa emuva 1801. Namuhla lesi sitshalo iyona enkulu kunazo zonke Agro-zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi uma wayengumuntu iyahola eSoviet ugandaganda chungechunge. Ngo-1924, umugqa umhlangano wahamba "Fordson" tractor, okwakukhona kulo kuqala eSoviet Union. 1962 ubhekwa elikhethekile inkampani. Model "Kirovets-700" yasungulwa ngo-July 13, okuyinto kwakuyisiqalo uchungechunge enkulu esindayo imishini yezolimo. Ngenguqulo yakamuva salolu chungechunge imodeli sahlangana.

"Kirovets K 9000"

Sekuyisikhathi ukuxoxa ugandaganda ezinamasondo wenza eRussia. "Kirovets K 9000" kuyinto ugandaganda esindayo, okuyinto ikhiqizwa izinguqulo ezinhlanu futhi kungokwalabo 9th drawbar isigaba. Lolu chungechunge imishini anemisila ezine-wheel drive futhi ine Uhlaka okushiwo. Ngenxa yalokhu, naphezu olubabazeka kakhulu Ubukhulu yangaphandle, inqubo kungaba ngizibonge flotation ezinhle futhi maneuverability. Ogandaganda "Kirovets", ukubuyekezwa zazo uqinisekise kakhulu ukuphatha amandla izinga yabo, ifakwe powerplant udizili ka Mersedes-Benz. amandla Engine ingahluka ku ezahlukene 354-516 amahhashi. Ugandaganda isebenzisa ukudluliswa Hydro-mechanical angabanjwa nakakhulu. I gumbi libhekene izinga eliphakeme induduzo. Machines salolu chungechunge nomthamo bephakamisa amathani 8.5 kuya kwezingu-10.

Mini-ugandaganda

Ukuxoxa tractor yezolimo isiRashiya, asinakulishalazela mini-ugandaganda. Ziyakwazi imishini ukuthi kuqhathaniswa "umdala abafowabo 'abe usayizi amancane intengo imali. Njengomthetho, mini-tractor asetshenziswa lapho kungekho nomuzwa ukusebenzisa amayunithi nge ukusetshenziswa eliphezulu fuel - e amapulazi amancane ngasese. Basebenzise ngezinhloso ezehlukene: ukulima, ukuhlwanyelwa noma sokuvuna, nokunye. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga Russian minitractor "Uralets".

Umlando waleli imodeli waqala e Chelyabinsk, lapho inkampani "izixaxa" uye Wajoyina "Interagro" izinkampani. kudala yokugcina kwaba omele esemthethweni ye izimoto Chinese eRussia. Cooperation phakathi izinkampani okwaholela kulokho okuye kwabizwa umkhankaso umugqa ukukhiqizwa mini-tractor "Uralets" ngo-2011. Ububanzi siqukethe onobuhle ezintathu, ngamunye okuyinto sizobe ukuchaza ngezansi.

"Uralets 160"

Lokhu umpofu models. mpo udizili wayo inika ingqikithi 16 amahhashi. Idivayisi ukala esingaphansi ton, ngakho-ke kuba kunalokho ebuthakathaka ngenxa ukulima ejulile. Njengazo zonke "Urals", imodeli has 4 phambili amagiya 2 reverse. Ngaphezu umklamo ezibizayo uhlelo elula wokubacindezela iphindela trailer, nge iqoqo ibhethri izintambo futhi iqoqo amasondo kwempahla. ungakwazi ukuthenga inguqulo nge ephansi amasondo ezimbili uma uthanda.

"Uralets 180"

Le nguqulo seluvele cylinder ezimbili 18-amahhashi udizili. Tractive idivaysi ngempoqo lisetudlwana, kanye nesisindo. Nokho, kuze kube ton, wayesalokhu akaphinde asibalele.

"Uralets 220"

Lona entsha bese ethembisa. Kuye kwaba 22-amahhashi injini kanye isisindo enkulu nakakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungenzeka oda ukukhiya umehluko. Nakuba le nguqulo kubhekwa Flagship amamodeli abasebasha ngaleso isitshalo futhi akazange azikhohlwe. Umkhiqizi nokobana uhlelo lokubuyiswa ngokuthengwa up "Ural'tsev" ubudala futhi inikeza izaphulelo kuma amasha.

isiphetho

Namuhla sifundile nawe, kuyini ugandaganda Russian. Okokuqala, ukwenza ihluke nozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe kanjani - kuyinto malula futsi kalula ukusetshenziswa. Enye inzuzo yokuhamba kwesikebhe zikagesi zasekhaya - awunankinga izingxenye ezisele yokusesha. share sengonyama of iloli siqedwa ngqo endle, khona ulwazi oluyisisekelo umsebenzisi. tractor isiRashiya nesilinganiso eliphezulu ukuphepha umsebenzi elibuhlungu izimo zezulu.

Phakathi izinhlangothi engakhi kungaba kuqashelwe enganele quality Yakha. Ngisho izindlela ezintsha unezinkinga uwoyela ukuvuza, operation engalungile wokubacindezela futhi CPR. Yebo, cishe zonke ugandaganda Russian musa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo European ukuze kuvikeleke imvelo. Ngaphandle izitshalo kubhekwe namuhla, kunezinye, into engaziwa kangako futhi abalulekile. Sahlangana izinkampani best ezidinga ngempela ukunakwa.