Njengoba imvula kukhiqizwa futhi iqhwa

benziwa kanjani imvula, uyazi kulezizinsuku yimuphi umfundi, kodwa namanje kuwufanele ukuvuselela. Umhwamuko - ingxenye engabonakali kodwa ezazihlala zikhona lomoya ezungeze Earth. Kuzo zonke nemizimba yasemhlabeni lamanzi olwandle nezilwandle ukuba emachibini amancane, uya njalo ku inqubo amanzi ukuhwamuka. Ngenxa uketshezi iguqulwe ukuze umusi gaseous. I ibavuthela emanzini, ngokushesha ngeke shabalala futhi kulapho endaweni kwesigubhu, amanzi amaningi iguqulwe ibe umusi. Abantu ungaboni lo ukuhwamuka, umhwamuko iyabonakala, lapho selehlile, lapho ukufingqa kwenzeka, okungukuthi, endaweni ephakeme. Ukufingqa - inqubo ye tingucuko ayibonakali ebonakalayo umusi ketshezi. Iqhaza main kule kungokwalabo amandla elanga. Yena ucosha umusi phezulu esibhakabhakeni bese ephenduka ibe amafu. Umoya, esikhundleni salokho, ithwala amafu phezu amabanga amade, ekusakazeni ezweni umswakama kubalulekile.

Mshini kumiswa wemvula

Indlela amaconsi emvula akheka? Uma ifu bazogcwalisa ngokuphelele futhi awukwazi ukuthatha umswakama amaconsi kulencane iwe nqubo iqale therein. Falling, babopha nabanye amaconsi ukudala amathonsi nakakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho zingase ziqale ukubonakala engakapheli nendlela imvula.

Phakathi esinemvula kudala amaconsi amakhulu, okungaba afika kwangu-7 mm ububanzi. Ukukhemezela iconsi esingaphansi kwesigamu milimitha. Cishe akukho isikhathi, ahlukaniswe imvula encane ngabanye, futhi konke uthola ezimanzi. Imvula - kungcono empeleni ifu ukuthi phinda ngokwalo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma amaconsi noma zinhlayiya, okuyindawo yadalwa, wenza nzima kakhulu futhi bayasilela Earth. Izangoma zezulu secrete eziningana izindlela amaconsi kuphenduke imvula. Njengoba kwakhiwa imvula, incike lapho amaconsi amafu dlula - efudumele noma ezibandayo. amafu Warm zenziwa izinhlayiya ezincane yamanzi. Falling amathonsi ngokuvamile jikisa umusi in emoyeni emhlabathini. Futhi kukhona ezinkulu ukuze bawe phansi njengoba imvula. A droplet encane sidlula efwini, ngenkathi ishayisa nezinye amaconsi futhi kakade united, zakha iconsi elikhulu. Lokhu iconsi ukuqoqa ezinye amathonsi endleleni yakho phansi. Umoya lapho lima emhlabeni isivinini lehla, udvweba kuhlukaniswe amaconsi amancane, okwandisa isisindo sayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nzima ukuze liphuma ukuphakama kusichibi.

Ukuphi eqhwa?

Njengoba izinhlobo frost, imvula, iqhwa - zonke lezi zenzakalo kufundvwe ababikezeli bezulu kanye sezulu bezulu ukunikeza ngabo, futhi ngesikhathi ukuxwayisa abantu mayelana nesimo sezulu esibi. Ngo amafu abandayo ice zinhlayiya nucleate amaconsi. amafu Cold kwakheka esibhakabhakeni, futhi idluliselwe ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa njalo kulinganiselwe umnkantsha (0 ° ^C). Lezi amafu ziyingxube amanzi kanye ice zinhlayiya. Lapho amanzi iyasha kusukela amaconsi ketshezi, kuba eseduze zinhlayiya, umnkantsha futhi kuphenduke okuqinile. Lapho zinhlayiyana ziyakhula futhi sithole umswakama, they jikisa ku eqhwa futhi bayasilela engale. Kodwa uma ngaphandle hhayi buyabanda, amakhekheba eqhwa, kukhona isikhathi esifushane. Behlela phansi e zamatshe izikhatha zomoya oshisayo bese uqalisa igcwale amanzi futhi kuphenduke amaconsi emvula. Njengoba kukhona eqhwa? Uma ifu kukhona esishintshashintshayo lokushisa kanye umswakama obuhlukahlukene, sikhule size sibe umshini iqhwa. umoya onomswakama efudumele lithwala lamanzi yenzeka amafu abandayo zone ezomile. Ngenxa lokushisa eliphansi amaconsi iqhwa futhi yakha i-nucleus ye-lweqhwa. Babalelwa ku-nucleus ngendlela ethile ziqoqwa izingcezu amanzi afudumele, kuphenduke crystal iqhwa. izinhlayiya zeqhwa ngalinye lakhiwa amakristalu ngabanye 2-200. Okunamandla akhiwa amafu abandayo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngaphezu komhlabathi, lapho izinga lokushisa lingase lehle ku -40 ^{° C,} umhwamuko yiqhwa, kuphenduke qhwa. Isithwathwa crystal eshiya ifu futhi uwela phansi. Isithwathwa kubonakala crystal ecacile lapho ewa, kodwa eqinisweni iningi eqhwa zidalwe emhlabeni ezinhlayiyeni ezincane ngothuli, lapho umoya baletha esibhakabhakeni, ngentukuthelo amanzi kungenziwa acacisa ngisho izinhlayiya emhlabeni elincane intuthu. Uma sithatha ngesibonakhulu esinamandla, ungabona lalezi zinhlobo, okuyinto kufihlwe ngaphakathi amakhekheba eqhwa. Ngamakota amathathu zamakhekheba eqhwa narosli izingcezu azungeze encane engabonakali ngobumba noma emhlabeni.

Ukuma zamakhekheba eqhwa

Mhlawumbe, bonke baba nethuba zibabaza ukuma eyinkimbinkimbi zamakhekheba eqhwa ukuthi ngomusa wehla esibhakabhakeni, basuke imali kwi mitten noma ingubo. Njalo lweqhwa ihlukile futhi yakha siqu isakhiwo lwabo olukhethekile. Ifomu eziyisisekelo iqhwa crystallite incike lokushisa lapho izinhlayiya zeqhwa okwenyanga. I olungenhla ifu, ngakho-ke kuba ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu Cirrus, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi ^-35 ° C, kukhona nezibhebhe olunezinhlangothi lapho izinga lokushisa ifu ungaphakathi uhla -3-0 ^{° C,} amakhekheba eqhwa akhiwa njengoba amapuleti. At lokushisa -5-3 ^o C kwakhiwa eqhwa inaliti, futhi kusukela -8-5 ^{° C} ngesimo amakholomu. -12-8 ^C. Lapho ipuleti kwakhiwa futhi. Uma izinga lokushisa lize liba ngaphansi kwe - athathe isimo eqhwa Stars. Ukwandisa, amakhekheba eqhwa babe usinde wawela bubheke emhlabeni, ukuma izinguquko zabo. Uma eqhwa abawayo, ukuphotha, ukuma kwabo ziyalingana kahle, uma ivinjelwe, zize zithonye eya ohlangothini, isimo sabo siba okungajwayelekile.

Uma umoya kwefu iqhwa kunakwezinye 0 ° ^C, amakhekheba eqhwa ekwindla kungaba amanzi, kuphenduke imvula, ichaza kwakhiwa kanjani imvula neqhwa liphenduke imvula. Kodwa uma emoyeni kubanda ngokwanele, amakhekheba eqhwa fly emhlabathini, ukufihla isimbombozo sakhe esimhlophe. Ukuthola ngobuso, iqhwa zinhlayiya kancane kokulahlekelwa amaphetheni wabo obucayi, sicindezelwe ndawonye ngaphansi kwethonya nezinye amakhekheba eqhwa.

Lapho frost uwa?

Rime libhekisela kwezulu okuqinile ewela ungqimba ezondile ice zinhlayiya. Kubonakala emhlabeni, futhi izinto ngaphansi kwezinga-qhwa inhlabathi, imimoya ezolile futhi isibhakabhaka. Lapho izinga lokushisa lize liba ngaphansi kwe umnkantsha ke ngesimo zinhlayiya olunezinhlangothi ezingeni lokushisa aphansi - ngesimo amapuleti, ngezansi -15 ° C frost zinhlayiya athathe isimo izinaliti blunt. amafomu Frost kunoma iyiphi izinto, ogama amaqabunga lalingu-emoyeni: utshani, phansi, ophahleni, ingilazi.

nemvula ene-asidi

Inzika (imvula, iqhwa) ngokuqukethwe eliphezulu acid kukhona nemvula ene-asidi. Abeve akhiwa? Imithombo okuvela nemvula ene-asidi kungaba izinqubo zemvelo (mlilo, noqhekeko yemifino izinsalela), nentuthu oyikhiphayo zezimboni, ngokuyinhloko i-sulphur dioxide _{(2 SO)} kanye nitrogen oxides (CHA, AKUKHO _2, N ₂ O ₃₎ lapho kushiswe ahlukahlukene zokubasa. Ukuxhuma nge umswakama emkhathini ukwakha sulfuric acid kanye nitric acid. Uma imfuyo esidi ziyoncibilika emoyeni emkhathini ayegcwele umswakama, acid ke kuwele phansi efomini kwezulu. Uma amanzi, kuhlanganise acid, ewela izimila kanye emhlabathini, kulimaza izimila nezilwane zomhlaba.

imvula emibalabala

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu bangase bazibone izinto ezinjengokungcoliswa imvula ezinemibala. Coloured imvula - a rarity, kodwa empeleni ezinemibala. Indlela kwakhiwa imvula nge lowehlukile? Ngokwesibonelo, imvula obomvu livele ngo-Ephreli 1970 e Thessaloniki eGreece. umkhumbi emimoyeni enamandla phezu ogwadule eSahara ephakanyiswe eningi ebomvu ubumba izinhlayiya phezulu esibhakabhakeni, bese wabathwala ku amafu esibhakabhakeni phezu Greece. zezifufula imvula wageza away ubumba evela emafwini, kodwa umbala Lana obomvu isikhathi esithile. Ngo-1959, Massachusetts waphasisa imvula umbala ophuzi. Yini eyayibangele lokho kwenzakala impova kuvela izitshalo ephakanyiswe liya phezulu. Futhi ngo-March 1972, wawa iqhwa blue French Alps: likhithika ezinemibala namaminerali baletha kusukela Sahara.