Nickel - Iyini? izakhiwo nickel

Kwaba 1751. Ngo usosayensi encane Swedish ngenxa Axel Frederick Krondstedtu uvele lesici inombolo 17. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaba izinsimbi aziwa 12 kuphela, plus sulphur, i-phosphorus, i-arsenic ne-carbon. Bathatha ukuba igama lenkampani yakhe entsha kuye - nickel.

Umlando omncane

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kwalokhu ukutholakala ngokuyisimangaliso abavukuzi kusukela Saxony ayejwayelene netshe, okungase sizididanise zethusi emkhandweni wensimbi. Imizamo ukususa zethusi kulokhu kwaziswa ayiphumelelanga. Azizwe emukwe, itshe-nsimbi waqala ngokuthi "kupfernikel" (ngesiRashiya - "uDeveli yethusi").

Lokhu i-ore ochwepheshe nesithakazelo minerals Krondstedt. Ngemva asemrarweni ukuthola isizinda esisha, okwathiwa ne-nickel. Baton Ucwaningo abamba Bergman. Waqhubeka nahlanza metal bafika esiphethweni sokuthi lesi sici sifana yensimbi.

Izakhiwo nickel

Nickel likhona iqembu leshumi izakhi futhi agcinwe esikhathini sesine, ngaphansi inombolo athomu ishadi lesikhathi ethebuleni 28. Uma ehoxa uphawu Ni, kuba ne-nickel. It has a luhlaza ophuzi phezu esiliva isisekelo. Ngisho ngesikhathi emoyeni metal akubi olumhlophe. Hard futhi aqinile ngokwanele. It ikufanele kokuzihlanganisa, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imikhiqizo emihle kakhulu. Ngokuphelele ophucuziwe. Nickel zingathola nge uzibuthe. Ngisho ngesikhathi lokushisa 340 nge lokususa ngemvume izici ebonakalayo kazibuthe nickel. Nickel - metal olumelana ukugqwala. Ubonisa reactivity ababuthakathaka. Yini engase ishiwo nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali nickel?

chemical izakhiwo

Yini edingekayo ukuze sithole Ukwakheka qualitative we nickel? Kufanele kube khona ukudluliswa zama-athomu (okungukuthi inombolo yabo) siqukethe metal yethu. Ungqimba izinyo lomhlathi (obizwa nangokuthi atomic weight) lilingana 58.6934 (g / Mol). Nge Ubukhulu wathuthuka olwengeziwe. Irediyasi yethu athomu metal 124 ntambama. Lapho yokulinganisa engaba ion, umphumela wabonisa (+ 2e) 69 nm futhi 115 inombolo nm - iyona engaba covalent. Uma siyibheka we crystallographer abadumile nabakhulu wemithi Pauling electronegativity ilingana 1,91, kanye namandla e - 0.25 V

isinyathelo umoya namanzi nickel cishe azinakwa. I Kungashiwo okufanayo of alikhali. Kungani lo metal ngakho iyaphendula? Indawo yayo kudalwa Nio. Lokhu enamathela ifilimu okungadingi oxidize. Uma nickel ukufudumeza amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, bese-ke uqala ukukhombisa yokusabela umoya-mpilo, futhi ubuye enze halogens, nabanye.

Uma nickel singena nitric acid, ukusabela ngeke bathathe isikhathi eside. Liphinde kalula ocushiwe isixazululo-ammonia.

Kodwa akubona bonke acid enza ne-nickel. acid ezifana acid hydrochloric futhi sulfuric, it is kakhulu ziyoncibilika kancane kakhulu kodwa ngokuqinisekile. Imizamo ukwenza okufanayo wali band acid ukuze nickel ngokuvamile akuzange kuphumelele.

Nickel ngokwemvelo

ososayensi Ukuqagela baphetha ngokuthi core iplanethi yethu - kuyinto ingxubevange, equkethe-90% zensimbi nickel esikhathini esingaphansi izikhathi 10. Kukhona khona ayibe - 0.6%. Phakathi Ukujikeleza ku enamathela kuyakhethwa emhlabeni ungqimba zama-athomu ne-nickel. Futhi kukhona abasunguli sulfide zethusi-nickel netshe, ngethusi kanye grey. Abanye ama-athomu nickel nesibindi sokushumayela akagcinanga lapho bese uvula indlela eya phambili. Uma uyikha phezulu le-athomu omoya-zifunwa kule nkampani ne-chromium, magnesium, insimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba bangane bethu sensimbi oxidized futhi unclipped.

On the kobuso bomhlaba zenzeka namadwala ultrabasic acid. Okubukwa lososayensi, okuqukethwe nickel emadwaleni esidi aphansi kakhulu kunezinye ultramafic. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi kanye izimila kukhona kahle ahlanganiswe ne-nickel. Kodwa uhambo hero okuxoxwa ku uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, futhi amanzi ngeke lubonakale.

nickel ore

imikhando Industrial futhi nickel zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili.

1. Sulfide zethusi-nickel. Minerals: magnesium, pyrrhotite, Kuban, Miler, petlandit, sperrylite - yilokhu kuqukethwe lezi imikhando. Siyabonga magma ukuthi wabenza. Kusukela sulfide imikhando nakho kungaba palladium, igolide kanye nokunye.
2. Silicate nickel emkhandweni wensimbi. Ziyakwazi okuxekethile, efana nobumba. Ore zaloluhlobo zinzima ferruginous, siliceous, magnesia.

Lapho kufanelekile Nickel

Nickel isetshenziswa kabanzi umkhakha onamandla kangaka kunensimbi. Okungukuthi, ekwenzeni ezihlukahlukene Alloys. Ikakhulu ingxubevange kuhlanganisa yensimbi, nickel futhi ayibe. Kukhona Alloys eziningi, okuyinto zisekelwe nickel ngemvume. It uxhuma yethu ingxubevange metal, njenge-titanium, i-chromium, molybdenum. Nickel liyasetshenziswa ukuvikela imikhiqizo ngokushesha buqeda. Lokhu nickel umkhiqizo, okungukuthi, ukwakha nickel enamathela ekhethekile evimbela ukugqwala ukwenza ibhizinisi labo ezimbi.

Nickel - kulethe ezinhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi obusetshenziswa embonini zamakhemikhali. Lokhu imishini, glassware, imishini ye-applications ahlukahlukene. Ukuze amakhemikhali, ukudla, ukulethwa lezisekelo, isitoreji amafutha abalulekile asetshenziswa amathangi kanye amathangi wenza nickel izinto. Ngaphandle kwale metal ongeke ukwenze ngobuchwepheshe athomu, ithelevishini, ezihlukahlukene amadivaysi, uhlu okuyinto eside kakhulu.

Uma ubheka kulo mkhakha, njengoba insimbi, balandela emkhakheni isiqoqi sama-softwe, singabona ukuthi anodes futhi cathodes - a amashidi ne-nickel. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke uhlu ukusetshenziswa metal kangako. Musa kalula ukubaluleka nickel nemithi.

Nickel kwezokwelapha

Nickel isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ubanzi kakhulu. Ukuze uqale, masilalele amathuluzi adingekayo ukusebenza. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ukusebenza akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni udokotela, kodwa futhi izinga insimbi, awusebenza. Instruments kuncike inzalo eziningi, futhi uma zenziwa kusukela ingxubevange ukuthi akubandakanyi-nickel, i-ukugqwala akuyona eside ukulinda. Futhi amathuluzi ezenziwe ngensimbi, equkethe-nickel, ukuphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Uma sikhuluma izimila ukubenza ukuntanta nickel Alloys. steel Nickel has amandla aphezulu. Amadivayisi zokuthola amathambo, amazinyo okufakelwa, ngezikulufo - konke kwenziwa kusukela kule steel. Amazinyo, izimila, futhi, babethatha uhlangothi lwabo oluqinile. Izinkintsho, insimbi engagqwali uzilungiselela Orthodontists zisebenzisa.

Nickel eziphilayo

Uma ubheka umhlaba kusuka phansi-phezulu, isithombe ngalokhu. Ngaphansi kwezinyawo yenhlabathi yethu. Okuqukethwe nickel kulo abangaphezu kuka ohlazeni. Kodwa uma sicabangela izimila ngaphansi iphrizimu okuyinto thina bakhathazekile, okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu nickel ungaphakathi imidumba. A nickel iphesenti ukwenyuka kutshalwe izilimo.

Cabanga kafushane okuqukethwe nickel isilinganiso ezitshalweni, zasolwandle nezilwane ezihamba ezweni. Futhi-ke, mathupha. Isilinganiso ungaphakathi isisindo amaphesenti. Ngakho, ungqimba nickel ezitshalweni 5 * 10 ^-5. ezihlala ezweni 1 * 10 ^-6, izilwane zasemanzini 1.6 * 10 ^-4. And Human nickel okuqukethwe 1-2 * 10 ^-6.

Iqhaza nickel emzimbeni womuntu

umuntu enempilo futhi amahle ufuna ukuba ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nickel - ingenye namaminerali abalulekile kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Nickel ngokuvamile aqoqana emaphashini, nezinso isibindi. nickel sokuzuza abantu itholakala izinwele yegilo kanye amanyikwe. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke. Lisho ukuthini metal emzimbeni? Khona-ke singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi yena eSweden, kanti-ovunayo, igrets Dude. okungukuthi:

• hhayi ngaphandle impumelelo, ukuzama ukusiza ukunikeza amaseli nge mpilo;
• umsebenzi namachibi zokunciphisa emisipheni nazo ziwe emahlombe nickel;
• akananazi iqhaza elawula amazinga somzimba hormone;
• oxidizes ngokuphepha Vitamin C;
• Kungase kushiwo ukuzibandakanya yayo umzimba amafutha;
• Nickel nethonya elikhulu igazi.

Ngithanda wazi ukubaluleka okukhulu nickel kuseli. Lokhu microelement ivikela ulwelwesi cell futhi acid nucleic, okungukuthi design yabo.

Nakuba uhlu imisebenzi efanele nickel ingaqhutshezwa. Kulokhu okungenhla, siphawula ukuthi umzimba nickel idinga. Lokhu amaminerali trace emzimbeni wethu livela ukudla. Ngokuvamile nickel ku ngokwanele umzimba, ngombana kufanele impela kancane. Alamu nezikhencezo yokuntuleka yethu metal - Akukhona ukubukeka dermatitis. Nansi ukubaluleka nickel kubantu.

Alloys nickel

Kukhona Alloys eziningi nickel ezahlukene. Nazi main ngamaqembu amathathu.

Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa Alloys nickel nethusi. Zibizwa ngokuthi Alloys nickel-ngethusi. Ngayiphi ngezabelo ngeke tho lezi zinto ezimbili, umphumela uba emangalisa futhi okubaluleke - akukho lezimanga. Ingxubevange eyohlobo kuqinisekisiwe. Uma kukhona zethusi samanje ezingaphezu kuka-nickel, it is kakhulu ngaphezulu uzwakalise izakhiwo ithusi, futhi uma nickel evelele, nickel ingxubevange ziphephile uhlamvu.

Alloys Nickel-copper ezithandwa ukukhiqizwa zemali, izingxenye umshini. Ingxubevange Constantine, lapho cishe u-60% yithusi, nickel ibhalansi, isetshenziswa ukudala i-apharathasi lokunemba ephakeme.

Cabanga ingxubevange ne-nickel futhi chromium. Nichrome. Resistant ukugqwala, acid, ukushisa ukumelana. Alloys okunjalo esetshenziselwa jet izinjini, Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi, kodwa kuphela uma ukwethula ku-80% ne-nickel.

Thina uqhubekele iqembu lesithathu Alloys. It Alloys nensimbi. Hlukanisa wabayisa 4 izinhlobo.

1. Ukushisa ukumelana - ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme. Lokhu ingxubevange cishe 50% yakhiwa ne-nickel. Kungase kube inhlanganisela molybdenum, titanium, aluminium.
2. Magnetic - permeability yanda, ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka.
3. Anticorrosion - ngaphandle lokhu ingxubevange Awukwazi ukwenza emsebenzini wokukhiqiza imishini zamakhemikhali, kanye nalapho abasebenza ezindaweni nobutha. Ingxubevange kuhlanganisa molybdenum.
4. Ingxubevange ukuthi unawo lingakanani nokuqina. A thermocouple esithandweni. Kulapha kukhona ingxubevange ezinjalo. Lapho ukufuthelana ukulondolozwa usayizi izilinganiso zobukhulu kanye namathuluzi kuyaqina kulahleka. nickel njengoba kudingekile ukuba ingxubevange wayenaye izakhiwo ezinjalo? Metal e ingxubevange kufanele kube ngu-40%.

Nickel ekhaya

Uma uqalaza, ungabona ukuthi nickel Alloys azungeze umuntu noma kuphi. Ake uqale nge ifenisha. Ingxubevange ivikela kumila ifenisha ekulimaleni, imiphumela leyingoti. Nakani izesekeli. Nakuba ku window, ngisho ifenisha. Ingasetshenziselwa isikhathi eside futhi ubukeka nice kakhulu. Siyaqhubeka uhambo lwethu yokugezela. Lapha, nickel-free indlela. Shower Heads, valve, mixer - konke nickel-kuhlinzwa. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba akhohlwe ukuthi ukugqwala ezinjalo. Awujabuli yini namahloni ukubheka umkhiqizo, ngoba kubukeka nice igcina decor. Yekuchumana ne-nickel-kuhlinzwa ezitholakala izakhiwo zokuhlobisa.

Nickel ayikwazi okuthiwa amatshe amancane. Okunye amaminerali imikhando kungaba ozibongayo nickel. Ngiyajabula ngokuthi i-elementi enjalo ikhona eplanethini yethu, ngisho emzimbeni womuntu. Lapha udlala violin izinqubo hematopoietic, ngisho DNA. Kabanzi art. igunya layo nickel olutholakale ngokuba ukumelana amakhemikhali lapho lokunameka Ukuvikelwa.

Nickel - metal ukuthi unesikhathi esizayo okukhulu. Empeleni, kwezinye izindawo lubaluleke.