Morpheme - Iyini? Morpheme - izibonelo

Ngokuqinisekile umfundi ngamunye ebhekene nale ncazelo, njengoba morpheme. Lo mqondo eduze ngempela ezihlobene ukubunjwa amazwi nolwazi kusiza ukufeza ukuhlaziywa morphemic. Ake sixoxe kuyini. Sizokwenza baqonde futhi yokuthi ukuhlaziya morphemic ezinjalo.

Uyini morpheme?

Morpheme - ingxenye okungenani abalulekile izwi. Isikhathi sokuqala elithi livele isazi sesayensi esidumile Baduenom de Courtenay namanje phakathi kwekhulu XIX futhi isetshenziswa yezilimi kuze kube manje.

Wonke amagama yakhiwa morphemes. Bona - amabhlogo wokwakha ezakha amagama. isakhi ngasinye has ukubaluleka nokuphumelela kwaleso indima. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo morphemes: saziso futhi ozikhethela. Qiniseka ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi izwi futhi ubizwa ngokuthi impande. Akuphoqelekile kungaba kokubili babe yingxenye uphawu, hhayi angena kuwo. Lezi morphemes ngokuthi affixes. Ake sihlole uhlobo ngalunye ngokuhlukile.

morpheme Kuyadingeka

Njengoba sekushiwo, morpheme saziso ngolimi Russian eyodwa kuphela, futhi iyaqhubeka ibizwa ngokuthi impande. Kukhona ngisho nangezwi elilodwa ukuthi ngabe ikhona ngaphandle lokhu morpheme. Amagama ngaphandle impande (ngaphandle - ezinye izingxenye asizayo yokukhuluma) bengekho ngolimi Russian.

Kuyinto enkulu, njengoba has main incazelo lucebe. Ngokwesibonelo, imithi uphawu, ihlathi, wehlathi sihlanganisa impande eyodwa - izinkuni. Wonke la mazwi abe ukubaluleka efanayo elihlobene ne-ihlathi. Into kuphela - umehluko yabo shades. Ngakho, ehlathini - isikhala yagcwala izihlahla; Ihlathi - ezihlobene ihlathi; wehlathi - ngendoda elalimqaphile.

Amazwi kwakwakhe izimpande amaningi, isibonelo, igama elithi svetloliky izimpande amabili - ukukhanya kobuso. Ungakhohlwa mayelana yokwehlukanisa amazwi. Ngokuyinhloko, lalukhuni izimpande amabili, kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka nge isethi enkulu amazwi.

morpheme ozikhethela

Akuphoqelekile ulimi morpheme Russian - affixes. Phakathi kwabo kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

• Isiqalo noma ticalo;
• isijobelelo noma netijobelelo;
• flexion noma Ukuvalwa;
• interfiksy.

Zingase zibe khona izwi noma cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, morpheme omusha ngamunye ozikhethela ulunika incazelo entsha.

Izinhlobo ezimbili lokuqala morphemes kuletsa inshokutsi lucebe futhi nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Flexion sivezwe kuphela incazelo yohlelo izwi. Ngisho zero, okungukuthi, abangenalo inkulumo umsindo, ukuphela kubonisa ukuthi incazelo yohlelo lokubhala kuyinto uphawu.

Isiqalo postfix

Ake siqale labo morpheme, anikeza umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama amasha lucebe futhi nokusetshenziswa kolimi.

Ticalo njalo itholakala ekuqaleni izwi futhi ushintshe ukubaluleka kwayo. Ngo isiRashiya, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-70 ticalo. Iningi lazo ezakhiwe tandziso. Esikoleni, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amabhokisi set-top. console ngayinye sinenai ayo futhi sishintsha ehilelekile yokukhuluma. Ngokwesibonelo, hamba - hamba endaweni ethile; ukushayela - eduze okuthile.

Lokhu kushintsha okushiwo lucebe bezwi, kodwa tenkhulumo elifanelana nalo, uhlala ingashintshiwe.

Postfix njalo itholakala phakathi impande kanye Ukuphakama kwephimbo (uma izwi). Awakhonzi nje kuphela ukwakha value entsha, kodwa futhi ukuba yingxenye entsha yokukhuluma. Ngakho, ne -n- Isijobelelo kusukela Ibizo Isiphawulo ihlathi ehlathini bathokoza.

Ezinye tijobelelo yakha ngomqondo omusha. Ngakho, kukhona tijobelelo amancane, njenge: -ushk-, -chik-, -ochk- nabanye. Ngalezi amathokheni akhiwa nge value entsha tint. Ngokwesibonelo: indlebe - indlebe ngomunwe - umunwe, ubhasikidi - ngobhasikidi.

Igama kungaba isiqalo ambalwa netijobelelo. Konke kuncike isakhiwo uphawu nokubaluleka kwalo. Ngakho-ke, senza ukuhlaziywa morphemes amazwi, kufanele unake okukhethekile lokhu.

Interfiksy

Lezi morphemes ukukhonza ukuze uxhumanise izimpande amaningi amagama ayingxube. Ngokwesibonelo, oyivila izwi linamagama ezimbili - emabunzini shaking. Zihlanganisiwe interfiksom -o-. Interfiksy ngaso sonke isikhathi ezifundiswa esikoleni, ngokuvamile zibizwa kuphela esikoleni esiphakeme, bese kancane.

yegama

Ukufunda ukuthi morpheme - ingxenye enkulu uphawu, kufanele sikhumbule futhi enye ingxenye ebaluleke nakakhulu - based. Lena ingxenye engaguquki izwi, ukuthi kuyingxenye ngaphandle ekupheleni. Kumila iqukethe eziyisisekelo incazelo lucebe futhi kungase kuhilele impande eyodwa kuphela noma impande kanye bethela (affixes). Kumila isenzo kungenzeka iphazanyiswe Ekugcineni, uma kukhona postfix-Xia noma -S. Ngokwesibonelo, e izwi wathenga nohlaka uphazamiseka futhi ekupheleni ngifane Thenga bese amatende.

flexion

Lezi morphemes ngiwo asetjenziswako ukuveza incazelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Ikharikhulamu bebizwa eziyimpumelelo. Ngosizo lwabo kuchazwe incazelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Amabizo ubulili, inombolo bese icala. Flexion zikhona zonke titfo tenkhulumo, ngaphandle ezingeguquleke, ezifana nezandiso, tihlanganisi, izaba. Kulezi titfo tenkhulumo abazi sigqame. Kuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye inkulumo ngokungabi bikho ekupheleni uphuzwe elingenalutho njengeqanda.

Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi kuyoba zero ugodo ekupheleni, ugodo sokuphela izwi uzobe ecacisiwe. Kulokhu, siphetfo izwi ukuveza ukuthi lokhu Ibizo libhekisela ubuningi futhi esimweni nominative.

ukuhlaziywa Morphemic yamagama

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi morpheme - ingxenye okungenani abalulekile uphawu. Manje asikhulume mayelana lokudlulisa morphemic. Ukuze kahle ukwenza ukuhlaziywa morphemic, kufanele ukuba ubambelele imithetho elandelayo.

1. Okokuqala, okwaxoxwa ithokheni akhishwe isiphakamiso noma umbhalo kwindlela ilapho.

2. Thola tenkhulumo nokuthi kuyahlukahluka. Uma uthi yebo, hamba uzoshiya 3, uma kungekhona - uzoshiya 4.

3. Thola isiphetho. Ngenxa yalesi umnsalo ikhefu noma kunjalo, inombolo. I variable ingxenye kuzophela.

4. Khetha isizinda. Isisekelo - konke izwi okungenasiphelo.

5. Thola impande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha cognates ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene izwi.

6. Khetha ibhokisi set-top, esimelela phambi impande.

7. Khetha tijobelelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha izwi kanye netijobelelo efanayo, kodwa izimpande ezahlukene. Qaphela ukuthi amanye amagama angaba ticalo amaningi netijobelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi ezingemnandi neze inokunamathiselwe ezimbili: i-pre-hhayi-enhle. Futhi izwi umphuphi ezintathu Isijobelelo: Dream-a-Tel-maths.

Yilokho sonke ukuhlaziya kwengoma.

ISIBONELO ukuhlaziywa morphemic

Ake sibheke igama elilodwa, ngakho ungabona isimiso yokuhlaziya morphemic futhi ngekhanda ukulandelana yezenzo. Thatha isilinganiso nge isiphakamiso: "Mina Awubonanga umuntu omdala."

1. Ingabe ebhaliwe wabona elithi "old."

2. unqabile exhegwini, ixhegu - izinguquko ibizo.

3. futhi kunqatshiwe: exhegwini, ixhegu, namaxhegu, ekupheleni amazwi yaleli khehla - a.

4. Lahla ukuphela. Base - ixhegu.

5. Thatha amathokheni impande efanayo: ukuguga yobudala - izimpande ubudala.

6. Asinayo lutho phambi impande ke isiqalo of izwi akukho.

7. Sithathe amazwi ne -ik- isijobelelo, uma ikhona. Man, ekhaleni - Isijobelelo - uk.

Njengoba ubona, lutho nzima ku ukuhlaziya izwi akukho. Into esemqoka ukuba ngokuqinile ulandele algorithm, ukuze ngingasebenzisi ukulahlekelwa futhi konke ukuze ayichaze nalokho morpheme ukuqonda. Izibonelo morphemes ezahlukene Kufanele ufunde ukukhetha ngendlela efanele.

Uma ukungabaza ngokunemba we ukuhlaziywa, ungathola njalo isichazamazwi morphemic of isiRashiya futhi ukuyibuka kusuka kunoma iyiphi morpheme yigama esithile, kwamiswa ngqo ukuthi it is. Ungasebenzisa isichazamazwi ngaphansi editorship Potihi Z. A. noma Tihonova A. N.

Ngakho, safunda ukuthi morpheme - ingxenye okungenani abalulekile izwi, sinqume yiziphi morpheme bexoxa ngamunye wabo. Futhi wathola indlela ukwenza ukuhlaziywa morphemic yamagama nakubona isibonelo salokhu ukuhlaziywa. Ukukhunjuzwa izichazamazwi ezingakusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi yokuhlukanisa. Siyethemba sasili- lusizo kakhulu kuwe.