Mexico amaminerali kanye nesimo sendawo. Kungani eMexico amumethe amaminerali?

Mexico lifaka lesithupha emhlabeni endaweni insimu yayo has ezintabeni eziphakemeyo, ayimigodi ezijulile futhi emathafeni. Kodwa kuyamangaza Kungekhona lokho kuphela. zwe elihle elibizwa ngokuthi isizinda sokucabanga impucuko, ngesikhathi lapho eYurophu kwakuyi namanje kude bathole okuningi kwesayensi, amaMaya basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo lwabantu ngezinkanyezi, izibalo alchemy kanye neminye imikhakha yesayensi. Kuze kube manje, eziningi eziyimfihlakalo alesi sizwe elihle nelihlakaniphile wahlala ezingaxazululeki.

AmaNdiya bebawati ekujuleni ocebile isimo, bese-ke akuzange ngokuthi "eMexico", the amaminerali misela emgodini ovulekile, inqubo futhi abasebenzise abakini. Abanqobi-conquistadors bamangala abantu abaningi bendawo babebaleka kanjani sasenziwe ngesiliva, lamatshe aligugu, kanye nensimbi.

Mexico imithombo Iwusizo zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona izintaba-mlilo (njengoba manje uqhuba futhi yokuqothulwa). Ngesikhathi yokuthululwa komoya magma uwela hhayi kuphela phezu kodwa ngaphakathi emhlabeni, lapho kukhona izinqubo ezihlukahlukene futhi yakha rocks awayiphazamisi.

sici geological

Kungani eMexico amumethe amaminerali, ngeke bakwazi sicabangele kafushane, t. Ukuze. On insimu yezwe has a inombolo enkulu izakhiwo Geological ezahlukene ezithinta kumiswa amatshe.

indawo Mexican itholakala amayunithi ezinkulu Geological ezifana:

1. Eligoqiwe empumalanga zone entshonalanga - Sierra Madre.
2. Paleozoic eligoqiwe eningizimu Sierra Madre.
3. Vimba enhlonhlweni ye Baja California.
4. iyunithi Sonoran.
5. kuka-Mexican.
6. Sezitofu Yucatán.

esishintshashintshayo eligoqiwe we empumalanga nasentshonalanga Sierra Madre

Lawa izakhi eziyinhloko isakhi eMexico. Eastern zone eligoqiwe Sierra Madre ivuliwe latitude enyakatho phakathi 19 ° no-20 °. Phakathi emphethweni olusungulwe Transmeksikanskogo ibhande mlilo, lapho kukhona izintaba-mlilo eziningi ezisebenzayo. Bakhandwa kumiswa Neogene-eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni volcanics. Kule ndawo ungakhetha Mesozoic futhi ekuqaleni Cenozoic ukusonga, okuyinto abalale schists Precambrian futhi gneisses. Nonmetamorphosed Paleozoic ezifakwa sedimentary kukhona amatshe carbonate we Paleozoic eziphakathi nendawo. I Triassic futhi sandstone Jurassic emibalabala evaporites, mudstone, ubumba kanye limestone Mesozoic ifomu izakhiwo.

Western eligoqiwe endaweni Sierra Madre osuka emngceleni osenyakatho yaseMexico ukuze ibhande mlilo. Eligoqiwe, lokhu ukusonga ugxile wentaba-mlilo Late basalts Cretaceous, amatshe Cenozoic eloba futhi andesites. Zethusi, isiliva nomthofu-zinc imikhando kungenziwa kuphelelwe ngaphandle amadwala mlilo kwesikhathi Cretaceous.

Paleozoic eligoqiwe eningizimu Sierra Madre

Lesi sakhiwo eligoqiwe luphakathi Transmeksikanskogo Foldbelt futhi eshalofini endaweni Pacific. Lapha ume Early Paleozoic awayiphazamisi futhi amatshe metamorphic, kanye Early Jurassic sedimentary yezwekazi kwezakhi, inhlabathi Jurassic zasolwandle.

Vimba enhlonhlweni ye Baja California

Entshonalanga block kukhona amatshe ubudala Mesozoic, futhi iningi matasa granitoid batholiths. Ngenhla idatha ungqimba zokwakheka clastic ubabonisa inhlabathi mlilo kanye zasolwandle. Rift Gulf of California kwakhiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi izakhiwo nesibaya-ukwelula.

iyunithi Sonoran

Block itholakala phakathi Gulf of California futhi engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Sierra Madre. It yakhiwa granitoids namadwala metamorphic Lokudabuka Precambrian, kanye carbonate kwamadwala Ordovician-Carboniferous.

iyunithi Sonoran libhekene iqiniso ukuthi bathole Cretaceous egwadle esitokisini, idwala subvolcanic lapho kukhona zethusi-porphyry imikhando.

kuka-Mexican

foredeep Mexican phambi ibhande eligoqiwe aseCordillera. Ezingxenyeni eziningi ezitholakala amatshe clastic we Paleogene futhi Neogene. isakhiwo oluyisicaba zamakhorali limestones ka Cretaceous hydrocarbon zanqwabelana namaminerali.

isitofu Yucatán

eligoqiwe ngokugcwele carbonates Neogene futhi Paleogene. Cretaceous nemifantu inhlabathi in the oilfields entshonalanga setshe avalelwe.

impumuzo

Kusukela izakhiwo Geological kuxhomeke sezwe namaminerali ewusizo of Mexico. Impumuzo yezwe kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi: iqukethe ezintabeni, Amathafa namathafa. Eziningi kuleli zwe imbozwe Highlands futhi ithafa yangaphakathi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ithafa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: Mesa Mesa Central naseNyakatho. Igama elithi "Mesa" lisuselwa Spanish 'etafuleni'.

Central Mesa bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi sizungezwe izintaba. It ihlanganiswa cishe ngokuphelele imikhiqizo mlilo le thafa eliyisicaba kukhona imicengezi eziningi namanye amachibi amadala. Central Mesa ifinyelela ukuphakama 2,600 amamitha kuya eningizimu.

Sierra Madre Occidental - neketanga enamandla ezintabeni, ezimangelengele emfuleni zigodi ezijulile. Sierra liphuma ngokucijile lapho ukuthuthela Gulf of California, kodwa ekwenzeni ingaphakathi ithafa eziphakeme ziyahlukahluka kancane kancane. Umehluko onjalo abukhali ekuphakameni kule sezwe zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi lapha kukhona amaphutha amaningi nge ebusweni babhekene egumbini crystalline. Iziqongo entabeni eshelelayo inhlabathi.

California Peninsula - endaweni ewumngcingo futhi sezintaba umhlaba. Amabanga ukufinyelela 3000 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

Eastern Sierra Madre -. Iqoqo entabeni zokhahlamba nge awalethe ezisukela 1,000 ukuze 3,000 m Sierra embozwe ungqimba yamadwala sedimentary. Ngu emathafeni asogwini uma kuya empumalanga ezihambayo (kuya eGulf of Mexico), entabeni zisuka emoyeni ziqonde.

On emaphethelweni aseningizimu Central Mesa kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga kuyinto transverse Volcanic Sierra - the kunawo wonke uhlelo entabeni Zomhlaba. Iphinde iyisonto omunye mlilo ezinkulu kunazo zonke - Orizaba. Isigaxa yakhe njalo liphuma 3,000 metres kusukela phansi, futhi ukuphakama 5700 m ngaphezu kolwandle, kancane ngaphezu Elbrus intabamlilo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho bathuthela eningizimu, transverse Volcanic Sierra iphula imicengezi ezijulile imvelaphi zomhlaba. Ngaphesheya komfula welula Valsas Sierra Madre del Sur. It uyagijima parallel ePacific Ocean. Ngokungafani nezinye izintaba, azikho nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo, yakhiwa ikakhulu yamadwala sedimentary.

mdweshu Teuantepeksky kuqhathaniswa ongaphakeme, ukuphakama kwayo kuphela kwezinye izindawo kuze kube 650 m. Ngemuva ke welula entabeni uhla Chiapas. Lesi sakhiwo Ukhahlamba ithatha wonke eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Mexico. Chiapas ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: ithafa eponymous futhi yokhalo Sierra Madre.

I enkulu yezwe elisezansi endaweni Mexico - Tabasco, useduze eGulf of Mexico futhi embozwe inhlabathi zasolwandle.

Njengoba sonke isakhiwo kanye nesimo sendawo, kungenzeka ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani eMexico amumethe namaminerali. Isikhathi esiningi incike izinqubo ezenzeka endaweni lamadolobha esimanjemanje isimo ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule: ipuleti ukunyakaza, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, ukunyakaza glacial, njll ...

Abacebile Mekika. amaminerali

Singasho ukuthi leli lizwe linazo cishe yonke namaminerali. Kungani eMexico amumethe amaminerali? Lokhu kungenxa ezihlukahlukene sezwe. Kukhona abalulekile izinqolobane imithombo enjenge yensimbi, mercury, igolide, isiliva, antimony nsimbi, ithusi, zinc, okuhola bismuth nabanye. Ngaphandle kwalokho, njengoba kwakukhona uwoyela negesi. Okulandelayo uzobe kuchazwe i imithombo ebalulekile engenisa umnotho engokwemvelo eMexico kafushane.

Amafutha kanye negesi

On endaweni State ziye uhlole uwoyela Amasimu mayelana 350 no-200 - igesi. Iningi zigcine tibheke ngaphakathi Gulf - Mexico uwoyela negesi umcengezi.

Imali e impela eningi, kodwa zonke elincane, bambalwa kuphela babe zigcine amafutha amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100, igesi - .. abangaphezu kwesigidi esingu-100 cubic metres. On amasheya le nto eyigugu eluhlaza eMexico kuvuma phakathi eLatin America, Venezuela kuphela.

EMexico uwoyela negesi umcengezi bungabonakala ezindaweni ezinhlanu:

• North-Eastern Region. Akhiwe somfula Rio Bravo del Norte.
• Tampico Tuxpan. Ngaphambili, le ndawo yaba sebuthweni lezokuvikela acebile. Ikakhulukazi endaweni ovelele Poza Rica ne Upper zamakhorali namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe.
• Verakus.
• ENingizimu. Kutholwe eduze nogu ka Tabasco, Campeche. Ubani uthatha indawo kuqala sikawoyela.
• Yucatán.

coking amalahle

indawo Main besizwe - Sabinas umcengezi. Cishe zonke imali enkulu zivalelwe inhlabathi kwesikhathi Cretaceous.

sulphur

Sulphur esindayo ezifakwa abavaleleke esifundazweni eGulf of Mexico. Nesibabule kwamiswa ngenxa yentaba-mlilo futhi amagesi, eduze Teuantepekskim isiqeshana sezwe. On izinqolobane wezinsalela eMexico ingenye yezindawo zokuqala emhlabeni.

Igolide, isiliva imikhando polymetallic

Okunjalo namaminerali ewusizo eMexico, ezifana igolide, isiliva kanye imikhando, zihlale ndawonye. Ziyisivikelo skarn metal osuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga. Luqala ngokunikela ezifakwa ezinkulu zethusi, isiliva (Cananea wesifunda). Okulandelayo kufike "ifindo" imali igolide, isiliva kanye imikhando polymetallic. Lawa ezifakwa ezifana El Potosi, Zacatecas.

mercury

metal ezifakwa ziye zatholakala ezindaweni kwezintaba-mlilo yamuva. Imali: El Oro, laseTaxco, amaminerali del Monte, Uintsuko.

ironstone

Lolu hlobo lwe-amaminerali ngokuvamile itholakala nge antimony futhi titanium imikhando. Territories ocebile amaminerali awayiphazamisi, hhayi okungaka, kodwa badlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni. Imali: Manzanillo, Durango.

graphite

Khiphela ke ikakhulukazi isimo Sonora. Yasungulwa ngenxa umthelela intrusions granitoid e ezinkulu zamalahle.

fluorite

11% azo zonke esitokisini lokhu yezimbiwa bagxila eMexico. Imali: Sakualpan, La Barra, Guadalajara, Pyle, Aguachile, San Marcos, kanye nabanye.

The main namaminerali ewusizo eMexico - akusiyo kuphela kwezinhlobo oshiwo ngenhla, kodwa futhi ezifana Gypsum, idwala usawoti, itshe eliyigugu, Sesithombe.

Kungani eMexico amumethe amaminerali? Impendulo emfushane: ngenxa khona izakhiwo ahlukahlukene Geological kuleli zwe, ukubonakaliswa kwezintaba-mlilo okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kungatholakala ngezilinganiso ezingafani cishe zonke namaminerali. Ezinye zalezi amaminerali kanye amatshe zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni. Ngokwesibonelo, isiliva, i-sulphur, fluorite namafutha.

Indawo enkulu ezweni efana eMexico, izici sezwe, amaminerali, umlando ocebile - konke lokhu kwenza izwe eliyingqayizivele futhi unrepeatable.