Menshikov Tower, iSonto Arhangela Gavriila ku Hlanza Ponds eMoscow

ezikhangayo abaningi enhle zitholakala eMoscow. Ukulula ngokusebenzisa enkabeni yedolobha, ngokuvamile ungase uphawule ukubona ezihlukahlukene izikhumbuzo kwamasiko. into ngayinye kugcina eziningi izimfihlo kanye izindaba, okuyizinto njalo ezithakazelisayo ukufunda. Kufanele futhi unake ngubani maphakathi ethempelini, ngokuthi umbhoshongo Menshikov. Itholakala enkabeni zomlando eMoscow, eduze Chistye Prudy. Lokhu into kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa ngoba eyingqayizivele ngempela senziwa e isitayela engavamile kakhulu eveza omningi ukunakwa kokubili izivakashi kanye bendawo.

Incazelo emfushane ethempelini

Ngakho ukuqala ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalesi lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo amahle kakhulu. Into has elinye igama - the Church Arhangela Gavriila ku Hlanza Ponds. Kuyinto sesonto lobu-Orthodox, itholakala endaweni Basmanny eMoscow. Ngokuthakazelisayo, isakhiwo ungaphakathi isitayela Baroque, uma sikubeka ngokuqondile - the Petrine Baroque. E-Moscow, azikho izakhiwo eziningi elakhiwa ngale isitayela, angathathwa kahle walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu. Lesi sakhiwo efanayo futhi endulo, ama-akhawunti alo ekwakheni 1707. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, usuvele 1770s, isonto kabusha kakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi siqhutshwa kuphela ehlobo.

Kungani ithempeli lethiwa?

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ithempeli yaqanjwa Arhangela Gavriila, ungakwazi ngokuvamile uzwa igama lakhe lesibili - Menshikov Tower. Abaningi bafisa ukwazi ukuthi kungani kungalendlela? Impendulo yalo mbuzo silula. Ibandla lakhiwa oda Ngomuntu oyedwa, ngubani Wayengubani u-Alexander Menshikov (ngoba ubuntu bakhe Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi). Ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi ithempeli lethiwa yesibili.

AD ubuntu Menshikov

Njengoba yaziwa, Menshikov odlale indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwethempeli. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele eceleni ubuntu bakhe, ukufunda kangcono mayelana namaphrojekthi akhe kanye neminye imisebenzi. Ngakho, it is a owaziwayo esimweni Russian nembulunga lempi. Menshikov kwadingeka izihloko eziningana, ezifana Ukubala kanye Prince. Sekuyisikhathi eside ozithandayo kaPetru I. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, yena waba nengxenye ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-Catherine I. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi empeleni iba umbusi waseRussia. Singasho ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe waqala ngokubutha Omkhulu Northern neMpi, lapho eyala izinhlobo ezahlukene amabutho.

ukwakhiwa kwethempeli

Manje kubalulekile ukuya indaba mayelana zomlando weSonto, ngoba ihlanganisa eziningi zezenzakalo ezenzeka ohambweni ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalesi ethempelini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala iSonto Arhangela Gavriila uvele 1551. Atholakala imibhalo ehlobene ukubalwa kwabantu. Maphakathi ekhulwini XVII ibandla kabusha abambalwa bese ngezithukuthuku anda. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, ngo-1701, u-Alexander Menshikov ihlelwe kabusha kanye nokulungiswa esontweni, kodwa sekuphele iminyaka engu-3, sinqumo senziwe 1704, zendlela achithe isonto. Esikhundleni salo kwakuhlelwe ukuba yokwakha isonto elisha, eyasebenza njengodonga ukwakhiwa IP Zarudny. Isonto Arhangela Gavriila kancane kancane wavuseleleka. Ukwakhiwa abathintekayo futhi amakhosi angaphandle, phakathi okungase ngokuthi Domeniko Trezini. Kakade ngawo-1707 ukwakhiwa yaqedwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuphakama kwalo ngesikhathi isanda phezu 84 amamitha. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Menshikov ngamiswa njengephayona umbusi Petersburg, ngokuqondene aye okwamiswa ngalo ukuba izibandakanye emisebenzini eminingi eMoscow, futhi umsebenzi ethempelini ziye behlisa, uma kungekhona sanqamuka.

Menshikov Tower - Umlando okwengeziwe

Isiphetho okwengeziwe sethempeli Kwakunzima futhi ngempela. Ibandla yashaywa umbani, ngakho washisa cishe ngokuphelele phansi engxenyeni engenhla umbhoshongo, umhlobiso ingaphakathi kwachitheka izinsimbi kwabhujiswa. Lo mcimbi ezingemnandi kwenzeka e 1723. Kuleli zinga, umbhoshongo wema isikhathi eside impela, kodwa 1773 waqala ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo. Wayehamba ngezinyawo eminyakeni embalwa kusuka 1773 kuya 1779. Phakathi naleso sikhathi wakhe wathatha umeselande owaziwa GZ Izmailov. Nokho, isonto alizange 'libuyele owaqalwa, kule nguqulo entsha kwaba isakhiwo ezahlukene. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isakhiwo elasetshenziselwa imicimbi ehlukahlukene Masonic. Ngo-1863, ithempeli namanje esetholakele egameni Metropolitan Filaret. Ngo-30 yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka wavalwa. Ngakho, umlando wesonto iye yabhekwa, kodwa manje kuwufanele kokusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana isitayela lapho umbhoshongo yakhiwe Menshikov. Lesi sitayela kuveza isikhathi bakhe beqiniso, ngakho ukuba azi ngakho kuyoba kakhulu.

Ithempeli lakhiwa yini isitayela?

Ngakho, ukufunda umlando, futhi kudingeka bazi lokho isitayela esontweni yakhiwe. Menshikov Tower kuyinto isibonelo "baraque kaPetru" kweqiniso. Futhi kunenkolelo ukuthi leli thempeli - esinye sezibonelo yokuqala yaleli isitayela, esigcinwe eMoscow. Kuyinto ukuqonda ukuthi yini izici ehlukile lokhu isitayela, futhi yini engavamile yayo.

Empeleni, leli gama libhekisela isitayela yezakhiwo, okuyinto sivunyiwe ngu-Peter I. izibonelo eziningi kungabonwa Petersburg, lapho lesi sisombululo ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe ukwakhiwa ahlukahlukene. Kuyaphawuleka isikhathi ifreyimu - kusukela mayelana 1697 kuya 1730.

Lesi sitayela isekelwe ngesisekelo amasampula izakhiwo isiJalimane, Dutch isiSwidi. baraque kaPetru ngokuvamile ungabahlukanisa ezinye izici, ezifana ezifana ukubulawa okulula ivolumu izakhi, imigqa ecacile. Kulesi isitayela, ngokungafani nezinye izindawo Baroque, kwaba nobuhlobo edabukile ne classical isitayela WaseByzantium. Lena iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba isiko elinjalo yayikhona bokwakha Russian eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-700.

izici sici Petrine Baroque

Ngakho, sanikwa kwencazelo lesi sitayela, kanye isikhathi salo babebhekwa njengabantu. Manje kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngqo mayelana nezici zayo isici. Omunye izimpawu ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthi lokhu sekwandile izakhiwo - umdwebo zezakhiwo, kuhlanganise 2 imibala, ukusetshenziswa nemibhoshongo ephakeme, kanye nemininingwane Planar ukubulawa lokubhalela.

lekubukana nemfundzi ngamunye nezigodlo namapaki elakhiwa ngale isitayela. Esinye sezibonelo zalokhu ePeterhof, Ihlobo Garden nezinye amapaki eziningi ezimangalisayo. Esinye isibonelo owaziwa lokhu isitayela Hermitage Palace.

Uphi ethempelini - kanjani lapho?

Ngakho, kwakubhekwa njengento umlando ethempelini, izigaba ukwakhiwa yayo, nokunye okuningi. Manje kubalulekile ukukhuluma mayelana ukuphi futhi nokuthi ungafinyelela kanjani kulo. Ngokuvamile, amasonto eMoscow Orthodox athandwa kakhulu phakathi kokubili izivakashi kanye bendawo. Yiqiniso, qiniseka ukuvakashela Church Arhangela Gavriila.

Itholakala, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngesikhathi Chistye Prudy. Le ndawo itholakala maphakathi eMoscow, ukuze ufike lapha ngeke kube lula. Itholakala ngesikhathi Arkhangelsk kwindlela 15a. Indlela elula kunazo ukuze ufike lapha kuvela "Chistye Prudy" metro station.