Malbork Castle, Poland: incazelo, umlando, ezikhangayo futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

EPoland, kuba inqaba elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu, yakhiwa kuleli isitayela Gothic. Itholakala emzini igama elifanayo futhi impela esidlule zomlando ocebile. Nanguya dolobha yasendulo ye-zamaJalimane Order. Lokhu ngokumangalisayo ezikhangayo Malbork Castle ibizwa ngokuthi, it is ezisohlwini UNESCO uhlu.

Eqinisweni igama lalo castle omkhulu: Malbork noma neMarienburg? EPoland futhi eJalimane kuba? Yini kuyabonakala kuwo futhi ezizungezile? Isihloko siqukethe incazelo sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa ezikhangayo nendlela yawo ebanzi.

Imininingwane umlandvo lomfishane

Malbork igxilile enye inguqulo kwegama, isiJalimane - neMarienburg kusukela castle lasendulo laba yinhloko-dolobha ye-German (zamaJalimane) Order.

Malbork - Castle, omlando wakhe sihlehlela emuva eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule, lapho Prince Konrad Mazovetsky Poland ukuvusela Knights usizo Teutons. Bona okwakulindeleke ukuba babavikele kusukela kuphangwa oyiqaba izizwe Prussian emazweni basePoland ukuphoqa isitha ukuba abhapathizwe. isibusiso Pope wanikezwa waseRoma impi ngokumelene Prussia, ngokuqondene kwalokho wakhipha isimemezelo ( "Golden Bull") ukuthi unikeza wonke umuntu inkululeko izenzo Baltic Knights.

Nakuba izwe ngilinqobile Teutons, lidlule enakekelwe sesihlalo sobukhosi uPapa, Knights wazizwa ngokwabo kulezi zindawo abanikazi egcwele. Bathatha ukulawula zonke ogwini aseBaltic, bahlala phezu ezindaweni ayenqotshiwe, futhi emshaya ngesihluku ukuyiveza kuwukubonakaliswa ebuqabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu enomlando omude (Prussia) labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Ngo emazweni ayenqotshiwe Polish Knights esakhiwe Umkhawulo wabo nezinqaba.

ZamaJalimane Knights e 1274, wabeka isisekelo kwezibambo zesihluthulelo kuchazwe. Khona-ke wabizwa neMarienburg ngemva Virgin Mary. Ngo nje eminyakeni embalwa emithambekeni ogwini lomfula Nogat anda isakhiwo 4 storey nge emabhalekisini eziningi, senzelwe Knights, futhi 1280 ke ixazululwe knight emhlanganweni.

Ngaphambi sichaza kabanzi Malbork Castle, okwethulwa kafushane edolobheni lapho kukhona kule nto zomlando emangalisayo.

idolobha Malbork

Kuyinto idolobha elincane asendulo etholakala enyakatho yePoland, ngo-delta. EWisła. Itholakala 130 km ukusuka edolobheni Torun futhi 70 km ukusuka edolobheni Gdansk, eduze komngcele we-Kaliningrad esifundeni. Igama layo German - neMarienburg. Malbork yaziwa ngokuyinhloko enqabeni abadumile mlando neMarienburg.

Naphezu provincialism leli dolobha lalilihle futhi lingakanani elincane, it edonsela eziningi izivakashi lapha ngenxa eminyaka ubudala bayo ocebile umlando kanye nomkhathi eziyingqayizivele Chivalry. Idolobhana ngokwawo ebukekayo futhi ekhangayo. Lapho ungayeka ebusuku, futhi nje kwehla ngoba ngosuku ukuba udabule leli inqaba futhi ubone Malbork castle, esemgwaqweni cishe maphakathi edolobheni. Eduze enqabeni kukhona yokupaka ezinhle ikhokhwe, okuyinto etholakala eduze ehhovisi ithikithi lapho ungakwazi ukuthenga amathikithi for inqaba.

Fortress Museum

Eminyakeni 1454-1466 phakathi zamaJalimane Knights kanye nabasePoland zalwa eside empini engu-nantathu. It inqobe ePoland, ubuyisa abanye babo ethumba ngaphambili, izwe, ngaleyo ndlela abe esekwazi ukungena oLwandle iBaltic. NeMarienburg Inqaba e 1457, wathengiswa Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish mithi) igolide (665 kg), futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye kwaku nokuphathwa inkosi.

Angenise 1772 amandla Prussians iguqulwe enqabeni ku izimpahla lempi. I inqaba kwangiphatha yabhidlika kabana 1945 (ezingaphezu kuka wonke amanye amakhulu eminyaka 7). Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, sonke isakhiwo zase zimile. Namuhla Malbork Inqaba e Poland isitini izindonga ezinamandla nge imibhoshongo ezinophahla olungunxantathu ziyabonakala ku amanzi oMfula Nogat.

Ezakhiweni nqaba emnyuziyamu, okuyinto iqoqo ocebile zempi, izikhali nemihlobiso eyenziwe amber. Ngokuvamile enqabeni ihlelwe izikebhe SMME, amakhonsathi futhi kujabulise ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu, bamba samdlalo Malbork.

incazelo

Malbork - enqabeni, okuyinto isakhiwo ngobukhulu isitini wadala umsebenzi wezandla zomuntu. It ithatha indawo mayelana 21 amahektha. Towers zenzelwe futhi lakha namadivayisi ekhethekile ye-lula ngokudubula isibhamu.

Lesi sakhiwo kubhekwa amasayithi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi ethandwa emzini kwezivakashi. Ubukhulu eziyingqayizivele kwakhe okuthinta ngayo ngokuphelele wonke umuntu. Malbork eziyinkimbinkimbi omkhulu siqukethe 3 izinqaba: Ephakathi, Upper futhi Lower. Ethandwa kakhulu iyona Upper Castle, indlu yezindela lapho izindela siphile Knights. Ayebiyelwe ukuzivikela nhlangothi zonke, enqabeni isendaweni lomfula. Eduze bemba ngaseziseleni ezijulile.

izinto ezithakazelisayo endaweni kukhona Chapel of St .. Anna (emathuneni amakhosi ezinkulu) kanye iSonto St .. eNcasakazini uMariya. Isilinganiso Malbork castle yakhiwa kulesi sizinda ayengaphansi Court Superior. Kwake kwaba maphakathi zezombusazwe kanye nezokuphatha zamaJalimane Knights, lapho Knights oluqoqwe kuwo wonke emazweni Europe. Namuhla, zikhona amakamelo abaphathi kanye nabasebenzi Poland.

Liphinde ingcaca ubuhle Refectory layo eliyingqayizivele elikhulu, nge omangalisayo openwork bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo, nge vaults enhle arched. Kukhona isibhedlela ngokuhambisa nabagulayo izindela-Knights. Lower Castle (noma predzamok) kuhloswe ngokuyinhloko izidingo zasendlini.

Esikhathini abadumile Armoury embukisweni izinqola lempi kanye nezibhamu. Futhi enqabeni has a asakazwe egcekeni, smithy, lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala kanye ezitebeleni.

Imibukiso ukuphila kwabantu esikhathini esidlule

Ecebile eziningi ziphephile ngempela ezithakazelisayo Malbork Castle. Izivakashi elizayo lapha uhambo, angahlola izakhiwo ngokwabo futhi le nqaba, futhi igalari neqoqo ukwazi. Ngokuvamile, wonke ingxenye esemthethweni uhambo iqembu kuthatha amahora amane isikhathi. Izivakashi bajwayelane umlando ocebile Malbork Castle.

Lapha ungakwazi abantu bazibonele bona indlela ukwenza ngaleso sikhathi zemali lasendulo. Izivakashi uzobona indoda e Mediaeval izingubo embossing zemali emehlweni abo. Lapha ungakwazi ukuthenga ngemali encane izipho ezimangalisayo - izikhwama ezigcwele zemali.

Amazing umbukwane esishaqisayo namahholo (emakamelweni) amakhosi amakhulu: cannonball linamathele odongeni, kwase zafinyelela enqabeni empini (ngaleso sikhathi Kwakuhlezi umkhandlu impi). ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi, uma ikhenela wangena kukholamu (umuntu ibibambe ukukhiya), imiphumela uzokuba. umbono alibaleke ukusebenza ezimangalisayo waseshashalazini: "Umlilo Sword", "Ukukhanya umsindo", "sebethule Malbork". Emangalisa kakhulu iyona yakamuva.

Kanjani ukuze uthole Museum?

Museum "Malbork" ePoland kulula ukufinyelela. Kusukela esiteshini sesitimela kwedolobha Malbork ukuya kuye cishe imizuzu engu-15. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngasiphi esitodlwaneni endleleni, ungathatha incwajana khulula lonke ulwazi izivakashi ezidingekayo futhi ungakwazi ukuthenga umhlahlandlela ulimi Ukugunda kuya Malbork, ozokusiza ukuba udabule leli castle ngedwa, ngaphandle umhlahlandlela. Abaningi ukusetshenziswa leli thuba ngenxa yokuthi, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, indinganiso iqembu uhambo ihlala cishe 4 h.

Amathikithi zidayiswa emnyango complex Museum. Noma yimuphi izivakashi Ungathola Malbork castle (Poland). Intengo ithikithi imayelana 10 euro. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona amathikithi esikhethekile somkhaya, okwabangela inhlekelele kancane kakhulu kunalokho uma wamukelwe bazihlukanisa ilunga ngalinye.

Le nqaba livulekele izivakashi unyaka wonke: esukela kuOctober 1 kuya ku-April 30, kusukela 9 ekuseni kuze amahora 15, kusukela ngo-May 1 kuya ku-September 30 ivuliwe kusukela 9 ekuseni kuya ku-17 ntambama. ngezinye izikhathi Tour isikhathi sishintsha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imiboniso ngesiRashiya akuyona kwenziwe.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

Eqinisweni Enelukuluku ukuthi Teutons ziyafana ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi babengabashumayeli sehlelo of the Virgin Mary, bagcine ngokulandelana izifungo yokulalela, ubumsulwa, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kugwenywe lezi enqabelo.

Uma enqabeni kwakudingeka asebenze umpheki ekhishini, bese Knights zicela imvume yokubutha uPapa. Lokho kubanika, wanika ikhanda, kodwa isimo ukuthi inqaba kuzothatha ubudala wesifazane eminyakeni engu-60. AmaJalimane, ku reflection, waqasha abapheki 3, ngalinye elikwazi wayeneminyaka engamashumi nje kuphela 20 ubudala.

Malbork - Castle Ghosts

izinganekwane eziningi abahlangene yokuvala. Kukholakala ukuthi isipoki yowesifazane ophila esigodlweni sezindela. Izingxoxo, uyini umoya inkosazana Polish. Wayefuna ukusindisa umyeni wakhe, Knights eyisithunjwa. Egqoke izingubo izindelakazi, yena ngempumelelo yangena ekamu, kepha owesifazane wathi budedengu yasheshe obala futhi bajeziswa ephilile immured ogangeni.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isipoki yakhe edabukisayo iyazula amahholo enqabeni kusesho kothandekayo. Kukholakala ukuthi nguye obona inkosazana ghostly kungaba happy othandweni. Akubalulekile wesabe.

isiphetho

Nakuba kunzima, ebuka nsimu enkulu enqabeni samanje, ukukucabanga, kodwa ke sebenzisa be ngisho ezinkudlwana. Umlando engawayekanga Malbork, ngoba Ubukhulu bayo ziyancipha cishe kabili.