Likuphi Golden Gate Bridge, futhi uyini umlando ukwakhiwa yayo?

Ngokuvamile, izivakashi bakhangwa hhayi kuphela izimangaliso zemvelo, kodwa futhi izakhiwo yezakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. United States of America, aziwa isikali yayo ezindaweni eziningi, eziningi zalezi ezikhangayo abadumile, eziningi zazo badalwa kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Lezi ukukhathazeka futhi ibhuloho emangalisa e-San Francisco. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo ukwazi kulendlu edume? Indawo, umlando nokwakhiwa kwaleli bhuloho - kule material.

indawo

Ngakho lapho kuba Golden Gate Bridge? Itholakala e-San Francisco, ohlanganisa idolobha Marin County, Northern California. Ngokuthi ibhuloho ubophekile yakhe Strait eponymous. eyingqopha State odumile itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo San Francisco, budebuduze ePacific Ocean. Ukubolekisa ngezindodla ibhuloho kubalulekile ukuze ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha, kodwa wabonakala hhayi kudala.

Indaba

Nenkungu San Francisco liye landa kakhulu ngesikhathi rush igolide, futhi inkinga kuphela enyakatho okuthunyelwe isimo madolonzima ukuthuthukiswa yayo. Ngabhekana ndima nge umusi. Ukwakha ibhuloho e-San Francisco, kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka ngenxa yamanzi endawo kanye nebanga Amazing ukujula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into ethile ebiyisithiyo abasebenzi babe fogs njalo futhi imisinga enamandla e strait. Iphuzu laliwukuthi nje iphupho. Kodwa Dzhozefa Straussa wayewukuphela target. He qamba umklamo iphrojekthi eyingqayizivele wanikela ukumiswa kwakhe kwebhuloho ukuze iziphathimandla zedolobha. Izingxoxo yadonsa iminyaka eyishumi, ukwakhiwa ochwepheshe entsha bakhangwa, futhi ndawonye benyuka isixazululo esiphelele nakakhulu. Loluhlelo jikelele athuthukile Leon Moiseev, naye wayebe nesandla ukudalwa Manhattan Bridge. Ukubalwa kuthatha Charles Ellis. Ekugcineni, ngo-umoya Art Nouveau wokwakha izakhiwo ubophekile Irving Morrow, waba ahlinzekwa futhi ehlukile orange-bomvu luhlaza.

Inqubo yokudala

Indawo lapho Golden Gate Bridge, iphrojekthi kwakubonakala abaphikisi esiyingozi ngokwedlulele. Amatilosi wayekholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ingozi kuzokwenza ekuvimbeni itheku, ujantshi zazesaba ukuthi ukwakhiwa ukubhidliza isikebhe kanye zabasebenzi yafuna imibandela ekhethekile abasebenzi. libukelwa phansi kakhulu kakhulu abakhi izinhlelo Okukhulu Kwezomnotho. Kwakungisiza ukuze ngokwezimali ukwakhiwa udaba isibopho. Ngo-January 1933, kwaqala umsebenzi Ngokuzayo US eyingqopha. Golden Gate Bridge eyakhelwe Strauss, umbhali wencwadi Iphrojekthi yokuqala. Weza ukuze usebenzise ngesikhathi umsebenzi nokuphepha net welulela ababezohlala kuyo ngaphezu kwamanzi. Lesi sinqumo sabo sisindise ukuphila eziningana. Ngo-April 1937, leli bhuloho waphela, futhi ngo-May kwenzeke emcimbini wokuvula, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho sawela Strait of abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili. Ngakusasa kwaqala ukunyakaza imishini, ekuqaleni okuyinto wanika yocingo uMongameli Roosevelt.

umklamo Izici

Insimu lapho Golden Gate Bridge, nethonya yabo ethize izimo zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, umklamo wokwakha kuyahluka ubunjalo. Ubude Golden Gate Bridge kuyinto 2737 amamitha. Ububanzi kuyinto 27 m. The span phakathi kwemibhoshongo high 1280 amamitha. Ngenhla isakhiwo amanzi umi 67 m. Umxhwele akuyona kuphela ubukhulu design, kodwa futhi izingxenye zalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ububanzi we izintambo ukwesekwa cishe imitha, futhi zenziwa sesigcilikisha steel camera ne-zinc. Njalo amamitha ayishumi nanhlanu phansi ezengeziwe metal izintambo eziqinisa isakhiwo. ikhebula ubude amakhilomitha angaphezu kwamabili.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

E-United States, lapho Golden Gate Bridge, lo mklamo namanje omunye ambitious kunazo. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu emva ukuqedwa kokwakhiwa agcinwayo entendeni njengoba ngobukhulu. Kuphela ngo-1964 irekhodi waya kwebhuloho Verrazano enkabeni yeNew York. Kodwa manje, ezikhangayo San Francisco igcina ukubaluleka: ubude nobubanzi besandla main kuba lesibili ngobukhulu kuleli zwe. Ngo ukusebenza kwe-bridge washintsha futhi uguqulwe. Engakabi yayo, ezintanjeni izintambo kwathathelwa indawo, bebesebenza yokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba, izinguquko ukukhanya. On the bridge, kwakukhona isimo ezisebenza akhethekile insimbi engagqwali Wire Mesh phansi. It yakhelwe ukuvimbela ukuzibulala. Kuyadabukisa kodwa kuyiqiniso: ubuhle emangalisayo lendawo ikhanga labo abafuna ukuzibulala, eminyakeni edlule, lapho abaye bazibulala inqwaba yabantu.

Ezinye izibalo

inyuka ezingasho ngobukhulu ne-San Francisco njalo ngonyaka. Okokuqala kwaba maphakathi rush igolide, futhi manje - i liyisiphephelo bokusungula, endaweni nge ezihlukahlukene izinkampani okuholela ezisebenza emkhakheni ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi eziningi ukhula kancane kancane, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukuhlobana futhi ibhuloho enhle. Esikhathini esingaba unyaka sidlule izimoto ezahlukene amane million. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngosuku yokweqha Strait of izimoto 110,000. Lolu hambo ukusuka Marin eSan Francisco ikhokhwe, okuletha isimo inzuzo ka $ 100 million ngonyaka, okwenza kube isici zokuthutha hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi isakhiwo zezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto adume izivakashi. Eza lapha, ngisho nalabo akudingeki abe kolunye uhlangothi lwawo strait. Minyaka yonke, sibheke Golden Gate Bridge kufika izivakashi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi. Lesi sakhiwo ubhekwa kakhulu izithombe emhlabeni. imigqa lakhe liyabonakala nombala ugqozi abantu kuwo wonke umlando.