Landscape umdwebi. Russian landscape umdwebi

Kusukela kudala, abantu baye njalo abatshazwe nemvelo. Babonisa uthando lwazo ngokushumayela ngokubekezela baveza nganoma yamatshe ahlukahlukene, bas-imifanekiso nemidwebo. Izingcweti eziningi ezinkulu siye sanikela lokusungula imidwebo yabo namathafa. Le midwebo, okuyinto ebonisa ihlathi, ulwandle, izintaba, imifula, amasimu, ezimangalisayo ngempela. Futhi kufanele bahloniphe amakhosi ezinkulu enemininingwane ngakho, enemibala nangokomzwelo lidlule emisebenzini yakhe ubuhle namandla kwezwe elisizungezile. Kwakuyisikhathi umdwebi landscape ne Umlandvomphilo zabo uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko. Namuhla sizoxoxa umsebenzi we abadwebi olukhulu ezikhathini ezahlukene.

Owaziwa landscape umdwebi kwekhulu XVII

Ekhulwini XVII wahlala eziningi kangaka labantu abanamakhono abakhetha ebonisa ubuhle bemvelo. Omunye edume kunazo kukhona Klod Lorren noJakobe van Ruisdael Isaka. Nabo siyoqala indaba yethu.

Klod Lorren

umculi French Claude Lorrain landscape kubhekwa umsunguli classicism isikhathi. imidwebo yakhe kukhona Ukwakheka obunobunye engavamile futhi ephelele. Isici esiphawulekayo ubuchwepheshe K. Lorrain kwaba ikhono lemukelekako adlulisa kwelanga, imisebe yalo kubonakala emanzini , njalo njalo. D.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi womculo wazalwa eFrance, ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe ayihlala e-Italy, lapho yena esehambile lapho eneminyaka engu-13 kuphela ubudala. Ekhaya, wabuyela kanye kuphela, bese iminyaka emibili.

Imisebenzi edume kakhulu C. Lorrain kukhona imidwebo "Buka eNkundleni YaseRoma" futhi "Port Buka kusukela Capitol." Esikhathini sethu, bakwazi ukubona Louvre.

Jacob van Ruisdael Isaka

Jacob van Ruisdael - omele of ngokoqobo - wazalelwa e-Netherlands. Ekuhambeni kwakhe eNetherlands naseJalimane, umculi wabhala imisebenzi eziningi ezidumile, izimpawu umahluko omkhulu ka amathoni, imibala amadlingozi futhi coldness. Esinye isibonelo esiphawulekayo izithombe ezinjalo zingabhekwa njengokuthi "emathuneni European."

Nokho, umsebenzi umculi wawungalinganiselwe kuya imidwebo belusizi - ke ukuboniswa kanye namathafa yasemakhaya. Umsebenzi edume kunazo ubhekwa "we Buka emzaneni Egmond," futhi "Landscape ngamanzi-esigayweni."

XVIII leminyaka

Umdwebo kwekhulu XVIII libhekene a lot of izici ezithakazelisayo, kule nkathi kwaba ukuqala ohlangothini olusha efomini wathi yobuciko. Venetian landscape umdwebi, isibonelo, ukusebenza ezindaweni ezifana landscape zinhlobo (elinye igama - vedutny) yobuciko (noma idolobha). A vedutny landscape, esikhundleni salokho, selihlukene laba olunembile futhi kumnandi. Ummeleli eliqavile kumnandi Veduta kuyinto Francesco Guardi. emcabangweni wakhe kanye ithekhniki le nomona ngisho yesimanje landscape umdwebi.

Francesco Guardi

Ngaphandle kokukhetha, yonke imisebenzi yakhe Okwaphawuleka for ngombono olunembile kahle, kakhulu umbala ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Namathafa zikhanga ezithile zemilingo, zingabantu akunakwenzeka ukuba likhiphe amehlo akhe kude.

I ajabulisayo eminingi yemisebenzi yakhe kungenziwa ngokuthi imidwebo "umkhumbi Festive Doge" bucentaur "," Gondola echwebeni "," egcekeni Venetian "futhi" Rio dei Mendicanti ". Konke imidwebo yakhe imibono ka-Venice.

Uilyam Terner

Lokhu lomculi kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu romanticism.

Isici esiphawulekayo imidwebo yakhe ukusetshenziswa shades eziningi ophuzi. Lokho Iphalethi ophuzi kanye yaba ngemisebenzi yakhe. Master wachaza iqiniso lokuthi lezi shades asihlobanisa ilanga nobumsulwa, okuyinto wayefuna ukubona kuletitfombe.

Umsebenzi amahle kakhulu futhi umxhwele Turner kuyinto "Gesperidsky Garden" - fantastic landscape.

Ivan Aivazovsky Ivan Shishkin

La madoda amabili - ngempela omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi edume kunazo Russian landscape umdwebi. Okokuqala - Ivan Konstantinovich Ayvazovsky - echaza ukudwetshwa yakhe ulwandle ngokubabazekayo. Riot izici, amagagasi agubhayo, fafaza Foam, ashaya ohlangothini umkhumbi lurched, noma ethule, umkhathi serene, zikhanyiswa ilanga ukubeka - seascapes injabulo futhi mangaza ne engokwemvelo zabo nobuhle. Phela, umpendi landscape ezinjalo ngokuthi seascape. Okwesibili - Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin - bathandile ukuyichazela ehlathini.

Futhi Shishkin futhi Aivazovsky - komdwebi landscape kwekhulu le-19. Ake ukugxila biography of lezi zidalwa ngaphezulu.

Ngo-1817 yena wazalwa omunye abadwebi the edume kakhulu emhlabeni zasolwandle, Ivan Aivazovsky.

Wazalwa lomkhaya ocebile, uyise usomabhizinisi Armenia. Akukho lutho isimanga kuleli qiniso ukuthi womculo esizayo saba buthaka for the element zasolwandle. Phela, lapho kudabuka khona umculi baba uTheodosius - elihle ethekwini edolobheni.

Ngo-1839, u-Ivan iziqu Petersburg Academy of Arts, lapho afundela khona iminyaka eyisithupha. On isitayela umculi wathonywa imisebenzi French zasolwandle abadwebi Karl Werne futhi C. Lorrain, owabhala emidwebweni yakhe yi canons we Baroque-Classicism. Umsebenzi edume kunazo I. K. Ayvazovskogo kubhekwa mdwebo "The lesishiyagalolunye Wave", wenza ngawo-1850.

Ngaphandle seascapes, umculi omkhulu wasebenza phezu isithombe izigcawu impi (sibonelo esigqamile - Umdwebo "Impi", 1848), futhi wayechitha eziningi imidwebo yakhe izindikimba yomlando Armenia (1880 "Vakashela JG Byron Mkhitarists Monastery eduze Venice." g).

Aivazovsky waba nenhlanhla ukufeza udumo Amazing phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. landscape abadwebi abaningi eyaduma esikhathini esizayo, bayahlonishwa umsebenzi yakhe wathatha isibonelo sakhe. Washona umdali omkhulu ngo-1990.

Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich wazalwa ngo-January 1832 emzini Elabuga. Umkhaya eyayilethwe Vanya kwakungelona mkhulu kakhulu (uyise wayengumGreki yomthengisi abacebile). Ngo 1852 Shishkin iqala izifundo zakhe e-Moscow School of Painting azolibhubhisa iziqu eminyakeni emine kamuva, ngo-1856-m. Ngisho imisebenzi ekuqaleni ka-Ivan Ivanovich zihlukaniswa ubuhle ongavamile yokuhlabelela esingenakuqhathaniswa. Akumangazi ukuthi ngo-1865, umdwebo "Buka eduze Dusseldorf" I. I. Shishkinu wanikezwa isihloko academician. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, wathola isihloko Uprofesa.

Njengezilwane eziningi nezinye abadwebi landscape, Shishkin zaveza kusukela ukuphila, ukuchitha isikhathi eside ngaphandle, ezindaweni lapho kungekho muntu kungase kubaphazamise.

Imidwebo aziwa kakhulu ase-umdwebi omkhulu kukhona "Backwoods" futhi "Ekuseni endaweni Pine Ihlathi", ebhalwe ngo-1872, futhi ekuqaleni mdwebo "Emini. Eduze eMoscow "(1869)

ukuphila indoda abanamakhono sika kuphazamisekile entwasahlobo ka 1898.

Abaningi Russian landscape umdwebi ekulotshweni emidwebweni yakhe eningi imininingwane kanye nemibala egqamile. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana abameleli ababili yokudweba Russian.

Alexei Savrasov

U-Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov - landscape umdwebi odumo emhlabeni. Ukuthi kubhekwa umsunguli Russian lyrical landscape.

Wazalelwa lo yayindoda eMoscow ngo-1830. Kusukela 1844 Alex waqala ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe ngesikhathi eMoscow School of Painting kanye Ukuqopha. Kakade ebusheni bakhe ayevelele yi namakhono akhethekile namakhono isithombe ebukeka. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, ngenxa yezizathu umndeni, le nsizwa waphoqeleka ukuba ziphazamise ezifundweni zakhe futhi ukuze uqhube kuphela emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amane.

Umsebenzi edume kakhulu futhi othandekayo Savrasov is Yiqiniso, lo mdwebo "The Ehlasela Ingabe Ufike". Lokhu kwethulwa e Umbukiso wokujikeleza ngo-1971. No kancane ezithakazelisayo kukhona imidwebo I. K. Savrasova "Rye", "Ukuncibilika", "Winter", "Izwe Road", "Rainbow", "Elk Island". Nokho, ngokuvumelana baxgeki, ayikho imisebenzi umculi akaqhathanisi nge wobuciko yakhe "The Ehlasela Ingabe Ufike".

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Savrasov wabhala imidwebo eziningi ezinhle kwakuvele kwaziwa njengoba umlobi we imidwebo emangalisayo ngokushesha ukukhohlwa ngakho isikhathi eside. Futhi ngo-1897, washona ngo-ubumpofu, izinkinga zomkhaya yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, ukulahlekelwa abantwana utshwala.

Kodwa omkhulu landscape umdwebi Ngeke ngiyikhohlwe. Zihlala imidwebo yakhe, kusukela charm obumangalisayo, futhi esikubiza ungajabulela namuhla.

Eyesibili isigamu yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye

Le nkathi libhekene yokudlanga ubuciko Russian ezindaweni ezifana zabathengi landscape. Kulesi vein, sasebenza eziningi Russian landscape abadwebi, kuhlanganise Makovskiy uVladimir Egorovich. abaculi ezingengaphansi owaziwa isikhathi babe Vasily Polenov, Arseny Meshchersky, kanye echazwe ngaphambilini Aivazovsky futhi Shishkin, omsebenzi wakhe kwadingeka phezu kwesigamu maphakathi-yesibili yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye.

Arseny Meshchersky

Wazalelwa kulo mculi owaziwa ngo-1834 esifundazweni Tver. Ezemfundo wathola ngesikhathi Imperial Academy of Arts, lapho afundela khona iminyaka emithathu. Tingcikitsi eyinhloko imidwebo kombhali babé ehlathini ebusika namathafa. Umdwebi bathandile wokuveza ukudwetshwa yakhe, imibono ezinhle kakhulu eCrimea ne eCaucasus, elinezintaba awo amakhulu. Ngo-1876 yena waba uprofesa landscape imidwebo.

I yimpumelelo kakhulu futhi odumile imidwebo yakhe angabhekwa Umdwebo "Winter. Ophihliza iqhwa "," Buka of Geneva "," Storm-Alps "," I Ihlathi Lake, "" Wik Landscape "," type eCrimea. "

Ngaphezu imvelo isiRashiya, Meschersky idlulisele ubuhle Switzerland. Kulelizwe kwaba isikhathi impela yazuza okuhlangenwe nakho kusukela yinkakha landscape imidwebo Calama.

Futhi inkosi asithandayo sepia futhi oqoshiwe. Kulezi amasu, futhi uye wadala imisebenzi eminingi yamandla.

Imidwebo eminingi umdwebi kubhekwe wabonisa emibukisweni kokubili eRussia futhi kwamanye amazwe. Ngakho abantu abaningi kwadingeka isikhathi bayakwazisa ithalente futhi okwakhe lomuntu zokudala. Isithombe Arseniya Mescherskogo uqhubeke ukujabulisa abantu abaningi ngubani ziyazithanda ubuciko, futhi kuze kube namuhla.

Makovskiy uVladimir Egorovich

Makovskiy V E. Ngazalelwa eMoscow ngo-1846. Uyise wayengumGreki umdwebi odumile. UVladimir wanquma ukulandela ezinyathelweni zikayise futhi wathola imfundo lakhe kwezobuciko ngesikhathi eMoscow School of Painting, Umfanekiso and Architecture, bese baya Petersburg.

I yimpumelelo kakhulu imidwebo wakhe "Ilinde. Ngesikhathi esejele, "" Ukuwa ebhange "," Incazelo "" Wezindawo Zokulala ezingabeZizwe endlini futhi ' "Spring orgy." Imisebenzi ikakhulu zibonisa abantu abavamile futhi izigcawu kwansuku zonke.

Ngaphandle namathafa yasekhaya, inkosi ayezoba, Makovsky futhi zaveza ekumeni kanye imifanekiso ehlukahlukene.