KwamaBolshevik Isiqhingi: lapho, incazelo, umlando isifundo

Ngo-Arctic Ocean amanga leziqhingi of Severnaya Zemlya. It yakhiwa iziqhingi ezinkulu ezine futhi abaningi ababesanda kuhlanganyela ezincane. Lesi sihloko sichaza siqhingi lesibili ngobukhulu kuleli qoqo leziqhingi - amaBolshevik. Kuyinto ichopho eliseningizimu ye-North Zomhlaba, it is izungezwe ezilwandle ezimbili - i-Kara futhi Laptev. Kusukela ezwekazini it is ahlukaniswe Strait of Vilkitsky, kodwa kusukela ngo-October Revolution Island - Strait Shokalski.

Imininingwane ezindawo

Isiqhingi 11 has Bilshovyk tysyach endaweni 312 sq. angu, lokulandisa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuso sonke ziqhingi. iphuzu zayo eliphakeme isezingeni 935 amamitha. Impumuzo lesi siqhingi ikakhulukazi flat nge amagquma ezimbalwa, ngezinye izikhathi kuphenduke egqumeni.

I izixhumanisi endaweni: 78 degrees imizuzu 36 enyakatho nenkabazwe kanye degrees 102 amaminithi 55 longitude empumalanga. Manje wazi kahle lapho KwamaBolshevik Island.

ugu Its kakhulu sihlehliswe, kukhona amatheku amaningi. Eliphawuleka kakhulu - Gulf Akhmatova, okuyinto cishe 60 km ukuphahlazeka ezweni. Futhi engena ijule maphakathi nezwe Fjord Thalmann kanye Gulf Mikoyan. Ngasogwini kukhona iqoqo amatheku - Zhuravlev, welanga kanye nabanye.

KwamaBolshevik Isiqhingi inama inqwaba emifuleni - jelly, Kamenka, Golysheva, emaweni futhi omunye, kodwa kukhona izinto ezimbalwa amachibi kabasi enkulu.

izimo zezulu

Isimo sezulu kolwandle Arctic. Isilinganiso lokushisa lonyaka iminyaka eminingi waqhubeka ngezithuba -14 ...- 16 ° C, kanti ebusika kwenzeka angehla -40 ° C ehlobo kuyaqabukela kunqoba + 5 ° C. Inzika uwela kancane - kuze kufinyelele 400 mm ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-June kuya ku-August. Ngisho ehlobo inhlabathi thaws kuphela phezu kancane ezijulile (12-15 cm) phansi okuphiniwe eyiqhwa. Area ezingaphezu kuka-3 million sq. amakhilomitha (30% walesi siqhingi) lihambisana izinguzunga zeqhwa ukuthi ungalokothi ancibilike. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo behlakaniphe igama - Leningrad, Kropotkin, Mushketov.

Banikezwe lokushisa ongaphakeme, njalo imimoya squally nezinye izimo ezingezinhle kuyacaca ukuthi kungani lesi siqhingi kwamaBolshevik lingenamuntu. Isimo sezulu lapha kunazo zonke onyakeni kubi kakhulu.

Biota

Naphezu kwesimo sezulu elibuhlungu kakhulu, kwamaBolshevik esiqhingini namanje owakhiwe. Ezindaweni eziphakemeyo izinyoni eziningi isidleke. Ngokuyisisekelo - pink nesiliva gull, murres, abamnyama ezinemilenze kittiwake, ama-gull glaucous, kanye nezinhlobo eziyivelakancane ezifana peregrine falcon, ama-gull Sabine sika nomhlophe.

Esiqhingini rookeries ukuhlomisa walruses nezimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone reindeer, lemmings, izimpisi nezimpungushe. Kodwa umnikazi walesi siqhingi, kanye lonke leli qoqo leziqhingi - the polar bear. Ukuvubukula kuye kwabonisa ukuthi abantu kungathi izinkulungwane 25 edlule mammoth babehlala lapha.

Ngokusho ososayensi, amaBolshevik kukhona mayelana 65 zezitshalo, okungukuthi, esiqhingini uhlaza kwaphela kakhulu. Lapha ukusinda wona kanye ulele, cishe ikhava okuqhubekayo ukumboza amatshe, kanye willow polar. Ezingavamile zezimbali - poppy Arctic, bloodroot, Saxifraga cespitosa, iqhwa saxifrage, minuartia ezinkulu-fruited, bluegrass mfushane, Saxifraga cernua, luzula matted namanye zilwane. Okusanhlamvu esiqhingini sikhule pickerel aluhlaza-grey futhi alpine foxtail.

Isici esiyinhloko ye izitshalo zendawo - nemiphakathi yazo emincane eqinile uhlaza, imbangela eyinhloko okuyinto emathafeni ezinamadwala gravelly namagquma lingasempumalanga yalesi siqhingi, okuyinto echazwe esihlokweni.

Blizhlezhaschie eziqhingini ezincane

Engaba amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka kwamaBolshevik amanga phezu neziqhingana 20. Okubaluleke kakhulu lezi ubizwa ngokuthi okweqile. Abanye - okuphansi, ukhohliwe, Ezemidlalo, Klin, olunamandla, eduze, Marine futhi eziningana - babe endaweni encane. Bonke ukwabelana inamagquma futhi flat elamadwala, izimo ezinzima zezulu, nezilwane abampofu nezimila iyivela kancane kakhulu.

Indlela ukuhlola lesi siqhingi kwamaBolshevik

Izibuyekezo kulomhlaba negative polar. Bajwayele ukuzipha kwezimo ezinzima zokuphila kanye nomsebenzi, kodwa lesi siqhingi zonke wokudangala kwenkundla yakhe zingezona ezibonakalayo, isibhakabhaka udangele, amagagasi leaden, ngamandla eshaya ugu.

Umlando yentuthuko lingasempumalanga yalesi siqhingi, kanye zonke Northern Earth - ekhanyayo, egcwele ekhasini ubuqhawe eqiniso kuzo chrede okutholakele womhlaba. Ukuthi bangabavumbululi siqhingi - amalungu lokuhlola amanzi uhambo B.A.Vilkitskogo, ubani efika ogwini amaBolshevik ngo-1913. Lolu cwaningo enemininingwane kakhulu futhi incazelo eningiliziwe izwe kwenziwe eminyakeni 1930-1932 ngesikhathi uhambo we-Institute for the Study of the North. Amalungu aso avumelana ososayensi Urvantsev NN Ujika VV, Ushakov GA Zhuravlev kanye SP

Eminyakeni 1979-1983 kulomhlaba wathola igolide placer. Ngo-1992 lesi siqhingi sasibizwa wavakashelwa kwamaBolshevik uhambo emvelweni ososayensi ezinhlanu, umsebenzi kabani main kwaba kutholakale izinga zinambuzane ukungcoliswa Severnaya Zemlya.

Isenzakalo esibalulekile kwenzeka Ornithology ngo-1992, lapho lesi siqhingi ukuthunjwa futhi nisishiye siboshwé ngebhande gull ezimhlophe sokucwaninga ngokwengeziwe lolu hlobo.

isiqhingi obuphelele 3 esiteshini polar - omunye bakhonze ( "Cape Baranova") futhi ezimbili avaliwe ( "solar" futhi "sandy").