Kuyini umphakathi yemvelo

Ngo ngesimiso semvelo, kukhona elithi - biocenosis. Kalula nje, yingoba libhekisela nesigcino zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, abahlala endaweni ethile, kanye isakhiwo ubudlelwano babo. Ngezinhloso nokuhlalisana evamile izidalwa ahlukile biocenosis nakanjani ekhiqizwa uhlelo kunalokho eyinkimbinkimbi ubudlelwano kanye ukuncika, esiyingxenye umphakathi zemvelo. Ngakho kuyini? imiphakathi Yemvelo - ubuhlobo izakhi zokuphila imvelo ezingaphili endaweni ethile womhlaba. Hlukanisa zemvelo emphakathini adalwe nemvelo, nomphakathi ukuthi eyakhelwe indoda - yokufakelwa.

Ngaphezu uxhumano yangaphakathi, ezifana ubuhlobo ukudla, umphakathi ngamunye zemvelo ihlobene eduze izimo sezwe ethize kanye sezulu, kunqunywa izici bemvelo ezingaphili. Esigabeni isayensi yemvelo ezingaphili, ezihambisana ngomphakathi ethize begazi, ngokuthi biotope. Njengoba engokwemvelo yemvelo ingathiwa insimu ka isikali ehlukene: ihlathi, asemaqeleni, ehlane, Mainland. Yemvelo Community (ensimini, edlelweni, ichibi, njll) biotope ezincane noma kunjalo, kuyoba yingxenye yomphakathi zemvelo, lenye biotope emikhulu.

Ubuhlobo Ukudla - iyona ifomu eziyisisekelo izibopho e biocenosis. Ukudla ubudlelwano zakhelwe okuthiwa ukudla ngamaketanga. Isibonelo iyunithi eziwukudla zingakhiqiza ezifana: umhlaseli odla uhlaza odla izitshalo. Izitshalo ugcwale umphakathi yemvelo ezimweni eziningi akekho ukudla, njengoba umthombo energy basebenzisa inqubo ye-photosynthesis ezihlobene ngokuqondile elangeni. Ngokuvamile, eziwukudla kunzima kakhulu ngoba, okokuqala, uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi emikhulu zingadla ezincane, ngakho cat uyodla ubumnandi inyoni insectivorous zezinyamazane noma Pike. Okwesibili, ezilwane eziningi abanazo omnivores ezifana namabhere. Okwesithathu, kumelwe siqonde ukuthi ukudla amaketanga abangazazi avaliwe kusukela izidumbu kanye nemfucumfucu Are ezase ekhethekile ekilasini yezidalwa - saprophagous, okuyinto kubuswa isikhunta namagciwane, bese sokudliwa izitshalo enhlabathini.

Kodwa ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ukuthi bahlala ezindaweni zemvelo ophilayo, ayikwazi ukwenziwa kuphela ukudla, bona zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Omunye isibonelo engokomfanekiso kakhulu Yiqiniso, nezilwane nezinambuzane, iqhaza umjikelezo zokukhiqiza kabusha kwezinhlobo eziningi izitshalo. Lokho izinambuzane impova kakhulu izimila eziqhakazayo, nezilwane ngokuvamile iqhaza ukusatshalaliswa imbewu. Ezinye izibonelo zama-bacterium iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana ezinjalo akunakubangelwa khona microflora esiswini kwezilwane noma Anemone kuxazululwe phezu umdlavuza igobolondo 'idla yodwa. Ngo iningi amacala, a Symbiosis nenzuzo kubo bonke abahlanganyeli, kodwa ngisho noma lolu hlobo yisinanakazana Symbiosis lapho omunye nezilwane eziphila Are yokulinyazwa, Kuyoba yinto ebaluleke ingxenye yemvelo nomphakathi wonkana.