Imihlobo esisekelo futhi izinhlobo amaphampu, izici zabo

It ngokuthi wokubacindezela futha kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi ukuncela noma ocucuzayo ingcindezi ezihambayo uketshezi ngokusebenzisa umlayezo zangaphandle ke energy kinetic noma ezingaba khona.

Izinhlobo amanzi amaphampu zihlukaniswa ekhona imingcele yabo lobuchwepheshe, ezinye zazo yilezi:

• inani loketshezi esishukumisela futha per unit isikhathi;
• ingcindezi asethuthukile noma ingcindezi esiphezulu;
• ukusebenza kahle;
• amandla.

Umlando eyasungulwa

Izinhlobo yokuqala amaphampu Bavele 1st ekhulwini BC. e. Basiza ekucimeni imililo. Nokho, kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-18. amadivaysi ezinjalo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuyaqabukela.

Konke kwashintsha ngemva kokusungulwa injini umusi kanye ukukhula kwesidingo amanzi. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene amaphampu waqala esikhundleni amanzi amadivayisi ephakamisa futhi kabanzi izenzo zabantu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaba nesidingo esikhulu izindlela wokubacindezela ayabaluleka wehlukile. With ukuthuthukiswa imibono lobuchwepheshe futhi wachaza izinhlobo ezinkulu amaphampu. Yayihlanganisa reciprocating, rotary kanye umshini, ngaphandle ezihambayo izidumbu ukusebenza.

Intuthuko kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe uholé yokuthi kukhona izinhlobo eziningi amaphampu ahlukene akhona namuhla. Lokho abayikho, uyazi ukuthi injongo yabo eyinhloko, esizoyicabangela kulesi sihloko.

Household futhi imishini ezimbonini wokubacindezela

Okwamanje izinhlobo ezikhona amaphampu babe ngezigaba ezahlukene. Omunye wabo siphathelene kwenkululeko isicelo amadivayisi ezinjalo bese ukhetha enye indlu nezezimboni. Eyokuqala yalezi imishini asetshenziselwa indle, Ukushisa kanye namanzi ezakhiweni kwizakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi.

Industrial amaphampu zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ne izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene futhi ukufaka. Zisetshenziswa ngoba usinika amanzi namafutha uzotshala izinto nolaka, kanye nezinye izenzo eziningi othize.

Positive ukufuduka futha

Enye Ukwahlukaniswa imishini wokubacindezela uyakucabangela tesakhiwo yabo kanye nokusebenza. Yiziphi izinhlobo amaphampu kuleli cala, kukhona eziyinhloko? Kuyinto imishini ngakuthathu ashukumisayo wokubacindezela.

Eyokuqala wabo okusebenzayo umzimba ekamelweni. Ngaphansi umphumela ingcindezi amabutho ezivukayo ke kuyehluka emqulwini, okuholela ophoqelelwe ukufuduka ejenti.

Zonke amaphampu ukufuduka (izinhlobo, izinhlobo sisuke sicabanga) esakhelwe ukuletha uketshezi viscous. Umgomo we operation amadivayisi ezinjalo kusekelwe ekuguquleni amandla. It is adluliselwa kusuka motor ukuze uketshezi.

Positive ukufuduka amaphampu ziphezulu-ingcindezi. Emsebenzini wabo ukudlidlizela elikhulu livela, okuyiwona kudivayisi eqeda kubekwa base okukhulu. Nokho, inzuzo lezi amaphampu ayixhomekile kuphela amandla zabo eziphakemeyo. Amadivayisi anjalo labo abazokwazi ukumuncwa ezomile.

Nazi izinhlobo omuhle ukufuduka amaphampu

Kukhona amacebo ahlukahlukene lapho umzimba ukusebenza kuyinto ikhamera. Phakathi kwabo kukhona amayunithi ezifana:

1. Rotary. It amaphampu kokuba izindlu ilungiswe zazo okuvalelwe vanes, izindwani, nezinye izinto ezifanayo. ukufuduka uketshezi, kulesi simo kunomthelela ukuhamba rotors.
2. Gear. Lolu uhlobo elula of futha nge ukufuduka ophoqelelwe. Lezi amadivayisi ukuhambisa umthamo woketshezi e inqubo ekushintsheni amagiya izimbotshana kuyasebenzisana.
3. Impeller. Uma umuntu abheke futha enjalo zezikhali, singakwazi ukubona izindwani impeller okuyinto zenziwa impahla nokunwebeka. Itholakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni ome njengeqanda. Kwenzekani lapho umsebenzi leli thuluzi? Izindwani bend uphinde uphendule, uketshezi ukufuduka.
4. Cam. Kulezi amaphampu zenzeka Ukujikeleza ukuzimela rotors ezimbili, futhi okukhuthaza ukunyakaza uketshezi ngokusebenzisa ukucutshungulwa ekamelweni. Cam izindlela kabanzi womshini imikhiqizo yobisi, iziphuzo, sezimoto kanye nokunye. D. Konke lokhu sibonga ikhono lazo ukumpompa ketshezi kokuba inclusions ezinkulu. Futhi, lolu hlobo of futha isetshenziswa embonini eyenza imithi.
5. Peristaltic. Lezi amaphampu zokusebenza eyinhloko kuyinto emikhonweni multilayer nezimo eyenziwe elastomer. Lapho motor e leli thuluzi ukuze uphendukisa kushaft ne ezinamasondo. Bona aboshezelwa emikhonweni, lula ukuhamba uketshezi, etholakala ngaphakathi kwalo.
6. Intulo. Endabeni le futha sifakwe eyenziwe elastomer stator. Kuyinto Rotor metal kokuba simise Helical. Kanjani kulesi simo ngeke uzotshala uketshezi? Ngemva ukuvula Rotor motor iqala ukujikisa, ukushintsha ivolumu izimbotshana yangaphakathi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kanye ukufuduka ketshezi.

amaphampu ashukumisayo

Ngenxa yalezi amadivaysi, elinesimo ukuguqulwa kabili amandla. Ekuqaleni, yena idluliselwe ketshezi efomini kinetic. Uma lokhu ezithathekayo ngaphakathi futha kwandisa yayo nesivinini ukugeleza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuguqulwa olungaphelele amandla ketshezi ifomu static. Uma lokhu ukugeleza rate incipha nokucindezela okwandayo. Amadivayisi anjalo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ngobuningi, esingenakukwazi ukuzikhiqizela ukuncela ezomile.

imishini yokunyathelisa wokubacindezela

Cabangela izinhlobo amaphampu ashukumisayo. Okuvame kakhulu kulezi amadivayisi centrifugal. Lezi kusetshenziswa amaphampu ukuze kokunikeza ngamanzi ashisayo noma abandayo, kanye for uzotshala uketshezi nolaka futhi viscous, amanzi angcolile kanye Izingxube yamanzi slag, phansi, Peat kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D.

Kanjani umsebenzi futha centrifugal? Kutholwe phakathi ukujikeleza impeller izindwani, izinhlayiya liquid akhiqizwa bamandla alo kinetic. Ngakho kukhona amandla centrifugal. Yena ketshezi ihamba phambili ku motor izindlu. Lo msebenzi senzeka ngokuqhubekayo sibonga ingcindezi, iqinisekisa supply njalo okusamanzi entsha ukuze izinhlayiya futha.

Ngokusho injongo amaphampu centrifugal zihlukaniswa:

• lisetshenziswe ezishisayo izitshalo amandla ezisebenza imishini;
• ngezinhloso ezahlukene lobuchwepheshe.

Yiziphi izinhlobo amaphampu centrifugal, iqembu lokuqala? Amadivayisi esetshenziselwa afundwa amanzi, ihlukaniswe kwegazi futhi recirculation. Amaphampu ezifakiwe ukushisa, ihlukaniswe kubhayela nakunethiwekhi. Lapho ulungiselela amanzi okuphuza esetshenziselwa condensate amaphampu centrifugal futhi Servo motors ohlelweni yokudla umusi abaphehla ugesi - umjovo.

Yimaphi amadivayisi isetshenziselwe izinhloso ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni? Kuyinto lezi zinhlobo amaphampu centrifugal njengoba ibhizinisi, umlilo, amanzi nokunye okunjalo. D.

Muva nje kuye kwaba entsha nentuthuko mishini. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ethandwa kakhulu isihlabathi centrifugal amaphampu. Zisetshenziswa for uzotshala ka slurries. Yingakho lezi amaphampu afakwe ezindaweni lapho kukhona isihlabathi emanzini, kanye zonke izinhlobo ukudla okuqinile Lokudabuka ezimbonini.

Swirl kudivayisi wokubacindezela

Lezi amaphampu izici ashukumisayo efana centrifugal, kodwa ngokungafani kubo, babe nesisindo esingaphansi futhi izinhlangothi. Phakathi amaphutha we amaphampu vortex ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle ongaphakeme, okuyinto msebenzi angaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezo zivumelwano akuzona ikwazi ukumpompa uketshezi olune izinhlayiya olwalwenza, ngoba kuholela ukuguga okusheshayo izingxenye zangaphakathi.

Jet kudivayisi wokubacindezela

Lezi amaphampu, ngokungafani nezinye imishini eminingi efanayo abakwazi ukudala i overpressure kwayo kuleyo ndawo yokuhweba. Isimiso wokusebenza kuyehla ekutjhugulukeni amandla ezingaba ku energy kinetic uketshezi. Kulokhu, futha jet ayinakho izingxenye ezihambayo. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi zokusebenza indlela Amadivayisi yalolu hlobo - liquid noma igesi jet.

amaphampu enjalo ingase ibe amanzi jet (isib hydroelevators). Kulezi Ukudluliselwa uketshezi ukusebenza amandla ayo kinetic ukuba ketshezi akhishwa. Phakathi jet iphampa lapho futhi airlifts. Bona compressor enikeziwe emoyeni Umfutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho ingxube amanzi is eliqhutshwa bephakamisa amandla ka air Bubbles.

amaphampu amanzi

Lezi amadivayisi abe eziningana zezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa kakhulu, ochwepheshe ahlukanisa kubo njengoba kuhlosiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, lokhu okulandelayo izinhlobo amaphampu ukuze amanzi:

• Afundwa wayevame ukusiphoqelela uketshezi air conditioning system, amanzi ashisayo ukunikezela Ukushisa;
• amanzi ephakamisa kudingekile kukhishwe liquid emithonjeni futhi imithombo zingaphansi kwamanzi kanye ebusweni;
• Amanzi asetshenziselwa uzotshala amanzi emithonjeni, indle kanye ezindlini.

Izinhlobo amaphampu ukuze ebusweni-uhlobo ochwepheshe amanzi zihlukaniswe ku esetshenziselwa:

• pressurization;
• ngamanzi abandayo;
• zokucisha izinhlelo.

amaphampu Ukukhetha, izinhlobo, izici, kanye nemingcele zedivayisi kumele kunakwe, kuye ngokuthi lapho babelibangise khona. Ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi umshini kuzodingeka basebenze ezindaweni azimele wodwa. Kanti kwezinye izimo, ukufinyelela kwayo ku amandla supply zizonikezwa.

Yingakho kunezinhlobo kwamanzi ngale ndlela amaphampu ukuthi ukusebenzisa ku yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-motor amaphampu. Noma kunjalo, zihlukaniswe likaphethiloli kanye diesel. Kukhona amaphampu kagesi. Umsebenzi wabo uncike ngokuphelele ku supply voltage.

Nokho, ezinkulu ngezigaba amaphampu ngokuqondene nencazelo endaweni hlala isihlobo emthonjeni supply. Ngaphansi le ndlela, futhi bahlukene phezu waminza. Cabangela lezi zinhlobo amadivayisi kabanzi.

ebusweni amaphampu

Lezi amadivayisi kabanzi Cottages, izindlu zasemaphandleni futhi izindlu zasemaphandleni. Zisetshenziswa ukwandisa ingcindezi ohlelweni amanzi, kanye ukunisela kanye neensetjenziswa komhlaba. Ngosizo lwabo nivuse amanzi emithonjeni futhi ikhanyise amadamu evulekile ngokufanele at ibanga amamitha ayisishiyagalombili kusukela eksisi futha.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalezi amadivaysi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-indlela uzotshala amanzi futhi idivayisi yangaphakathi zihlukaniswa vortex kanye sigubhu, amanzi nokugeleza kwegazi, kanye console (centrifugal). Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abashayeli bamaloli kuhlale izinhlobo ezimbili. Lezi amayunithi asebenziseka kalula, icwecwe futhi ukonga, futhi lapho yokuxhuma ukuba othize ezishintshayo uhlelo ithola esiteshini egcwele.

Surface amaphampu aqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. Hose. Lolu hlobo yamanzi indlela kusuka lapho kukhona ngqo baphuza uketshezi ukuze futha bese amaphuzu ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo uhlelo amanzi, noma lokudonswa.
2. Ejector. Le divayisi ekhethekile okuhloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza nokucindezeleka futha ngokwandisa ukujula ukuncela.
3. Ezezindlu. Its avame esakhiwe ngezinto esiyinhlanganisela, yensimbi inkatho, aluminium noma insimbi engagqwali. Lapho iyunithi unyaka wonke, ebusika umzimba udinga ukuvikelwa ngenxa yamakhaza.
4. Engine. Kungase kube amandla omlilo yangaphakathi noma kagesi. Zonke kuncike hlobo futha.

afundwa amaphampu

Lolu hlobo ebusweni amayunithi yidivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi. Basuke ngokuvamile lisetshenziswe ezizimele Ukushisa izinhlelo nokuhamba ngempoqo amanzi ngesimiso somshini esivalekile nokugcina lokushisa njalo kuwo.

Ngu design, banalo izindlu ngensimbi esakhelwe noma Rotor Ceramic nesicu nge izindwani.

Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo kwegazi iphampa namuhla:

• nge "ezimanzi" Rotor;
• nge "ezomile" Rotor.

Eyokuqala wabo cishe noiseless, ukonga, ezishibhile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. elementi wabo ukusebenza yakhiwa ukuze emanzini lapho Athambisa zonke izingxenye futhi kanyekanye epholisa injini. Kodwa lezi amayunithi has kusimo abalulekile. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho ketshezi kwegazi ekunqanyulweni kungadala motor okweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle amayunithi enjalo liphansi kakhulu.

Zonke izinhlobo ukushisa futha kwegazi uhlobo, nge "ezomile" Rotor abe esakhelwe fan. motor yabo ikhipha behlukene ketshezi olandelanayo. Kulokhu, Lubrication kuzo zonke izingxenye ezinyakazayo wenziwa nge amafutha.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, lezi amaphampu zihlukaniswe zibe:

• sehlisiwe, lapho injini yehlukile sikebhe;
• monoblock, lapho izindlu kanye motor futhi ahlukaniswe kodwa kukhona ngesikhathi esifanayo kwelinye block;
• uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi-amaphampu ukuthi sihluke owedlule amabili kuya ubuqotho yaso ephezulu.

amaphampu ngwenya

amayunithi okunjalo kubalulekile lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho izingqimba yamanzi imali ngesikhathi ukujula kokweqa m 8. ngwenya iphampa lehliselwa singene wellbore ne ipayipi ingcindezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwengcindezi elakhiwe kudivayisi wokubacindezela, amanzi engena endlini.

Zonke izinhlobo amaphampu ngwenya ukusebenza okuphezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, unayo i-Ukupholisa ngempumelelo kanye eliphezulu. Ngokusho kudivayisi layo langaphakathi amaphampu ngwenya zihlukaniswa:

• centrifugal, lapho amanzi ijikeleziswa kanye izindwani impeller ngabondla ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• vibration, lapho uketshezi ugxile ngenxa vibration futhi indlela kagesi.

amaphampu ezinjalo zihlanganisa bezinhlamvu, motor kanye inkinobho. Amanzi kanye indle futha is ngaphezu kwalokho efakwe chopper noma macerator eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ketshezi ukuba ukudla okuqinile ukuthi kukhona kunangendlela 5 cm.

Hydro-lobuchwepheshe imishini umlilo-elwa

Ukuze amaphampu esetshenziselwa kwasendaweni imililo, izidingo ezikhethekile. Kusukela design yabo ubuhle kanye nemingcele lobuchwepheshe ke kuxhomeke kakhulu impumelelo ukucima umlilo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene umlilo amaphampu? Konke kuncike kule mibandela eqeda. Ngakho, umlilo izinjini ukusetha iyunithi uhlobo centrifugal. Bona labakhonta zokucisha ejenti ngaphandle pulsations musa ukwandisa ingcindezi at zalomke izicucu zamangqamuzana noma udoti umlilo hose, elula futhi enokwethenjelwa ukusebenza.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi amaphampu centrifugal ogibele umlilo izinjini angadingi eziyinkimbinkimbi motor enophephela futhi abe nesisindo iphansana futhi izinhlangothi. Nokho, lezi amayunithi babe ezithile. Abakwazi ukuba ngokuzimela ukudweba uketshezi futhi isilungele ukusebenza kuphela emva ligcwele amanzi ukuncela line.

Iziphi ezinye izinhlobo umlilo amaphampu? Lokhu amayunithi asizayo. Futhi umlilo izimoto. amaphampu Asizayo uvumele ukugcwalisa ngalo ingaphakathi umzimba indlela centrifugal kanye ukuncela hose ngamanzi. Yingakho umsebenzi wabo wesikhathi esifishane. basuke inqanyuliwe ngemva kokuqala futha centrifugal. Njengoba amadivayisi asizayo esetshenziswa lokubolekwa olunye uhlobo lwe-rotary.

uwoyela amaphampu

Lezi amadivayisi zenzelwe ukunciphisa ngomshikisho amabutho phakathi izingxenye ezinyakazayo yenjini. Zonke izinhlobo amaphampu uwoyela zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili. Eyokuqala wabo adjustable. Ngo amaphampu ezinjalo, ingcindezi inakekelwa njalo nge ukusebenza obuhlukahlukene. Uhlobo lwesibili uwoyela amaphampu - angahlelekile. Futhi ulondoloza ingcindezi njalo, kodwa kuphela ngosizo a ingcindezi ukwehlisa valve. izinjini eziningi zanamuhla zifakwa amaphampu, uhlobo fixed.

Amayunithi for uzotshala uwoyela ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka isakhiwo sabo. Ziyakwazi:

• usayizi igiya, wahlela izindlu kanye ukushayela futhi gear enophephela;
• yokunyathelisa.

Esikhathini sokuqala kulezi ezimbili izinhlobo uwoyela amadivayisi engena izindlu lapho entrained amagiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa valve osenyameni idluliswa ohlelweni.

Ukusebenza futha enjalo Ingxenye ngqo imvamisa lapho crankshaft uzungeza. Ngemva ingcindezi emafutheni osenyameni iyunithi idlula umkhawulo othile, umsebenzi ingena ingcindezi ukwehlisa valve. Sidlule ingxenye ethile yamafutha ukuncela blade noma crankcase.

Kepha amaphampu rotary, zingaba amathuluzi kokubili nge control esinqunyiwe futhi adjustable. Uhlobo lokuqala zalamaqembu.I has a ukushayela futhi rotors enophephela ukuthi ezibekwe iKhabhinethi. Lezi zingxenye asetshenziselwa ngaleyo ndlela avalele uwoyela egeleza ohlelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba futha igiya ukuhambisa impahla kuvula ingcindezi ukwehlisa valve.

amaphampu rotary kokuba ukulawula adjustable, unikeze ingcindezi njalo ukusebenza, okuyinto akuxhomekile ijubane ukujikeleza we crankshaft. Kute kwetfulwe umsebenzi zinikezwa entwasahlobo Ukulungisa kanye stator ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. I njalo ingcindezi ukusebenza ekhiqizwa ngokushintsha ivolumu ngalo ingaphakathi okungukuthi phakathi idrayivu kanye rotors enophephela.

fuel amaphampu

Lezi amayunithi izakhi eziyinhloko, bese asikwazi eziqhutshwa ngaphandle yangaphakathi omlilo engine. injongo yabo eyinhloko is sindise uphethiloli noma diesel kusuka ethangini egumbini amandla omlilo.

Omunye noma fuel ezimbili amaphampu - kuba imishini esiyisibopho imoto ngayinye. Lezi amayunithi sifeze umsebenzi, isimiso zazo incike izici zayo. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene fuel amaphampu? The main bobabili. Ziyakwazi:

1. Mechanical fuel futha. Le divayisi kuyingxenye injini umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli. kuba zakudala piston futha kuhleliswa. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-unit - zezindlu ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, diaphragm valve ezimbili kokunikeza nokwamukela nophethiloli.
2. Electric. Lolu hlobo lwe-umshini uthola elisetshenziswa uphethiloli izinjini ezinemigomo yokuphepha ehlukanisiwe fuel injection. Electric efakwe ngokuqondile ethangini noma kunoma iyiphi indawo kukaphethiloli. Inqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi ngwenya fuel yesifunda. Basuke ezibekwe ezansi ethangini. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uhlobo uwoyela osenyameni amaphampu kagesi zihlukaniswe centrifugal, gear kanye Rotor.

izinhlobo eziningi amaphampu wonke amadivayisi ezinjalo zibizwa kabanzi endaweni ethile.