Kuyini umlaza Orion? Orion ibalazwe umlaza. incazelo izinganekwane

I besibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi kuyinto enhle ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Sula nobusuku obungamashumi ashisayo umthamo wokukhanya phezu kwekhanda lakhe yesiteleka. Nokho, zikhona izibalo wasezulwini, okuyinto engcono kakhulu kubonakala isizini emakhazeni. Lezi zihlanganisa futhi umlaza i-Orion. Ukushayela sifaka 209 izinkanyezi, Ukwethwasa ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Orion sibonga elidume inani elikhulu elikhanyayo isikhala izinto ukubunjwa yayo, akachazeki kalula lisemhlabathini. Isikhathi ekahle imibono yabo - November Januwari.

kuphi liyabonakala emhlabeni

Kuyini umlaza ka Orion, eyaziwa cishe bonke abakhileyo iplanethi yethu, ngoba ubonakala zombili ama-. Lokhu lula ilungiselelo izinkanyezi cishe emgqeni yenkabazwe yasezulwini.

ENyakatho Nenkabazwe nemilaza Orion Into ephawuleka kakhulu ikakhulukazi ebusika ebusuku e umkhathi waseningizimu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkanyezi ezintathu ukwakha ibhande Orion sika , futhi itholakala cishe emgceni locondzile kahle, sekuseduze ukuba emgqeni umkhathizwe engela kancane kuso. Liyabonakala ngalé ifomu eziyisishiyagalombili emizimbeni kahle kumakwe. sibalo waseZulwini kusukela endulo elihlobene ne umfanekiso umzingeli Orion ngenkemba ibhande lakhe, club ngesandla esisodwa nesihlangu kwesinye.

legend

Umlaza i-Orion izingane kuchazwa okokuqala hhayi izifundo yezinkanyezi, futhi ngokuhamba ajwayelane ezinganekwaneni eGrisi lasendulo. Ngokusho yetinsita hero, kamuva ayifake esibhakabhakeni, wayaziwa njengomuntu ophansi yiphisi, onhliziyo yakhe ababulewe ubuhle Pleiades - the Nymphs likankulunkulukazi u-Arthemisi. Orion ezama ukukhuluma nabo ayiphumelelanga: Nymphs udidekile wabaleka wabiza usizo abavikela yakhe. U-Arthemisi waphenduka Pleiades eziyisikhombisa amajuba. Bona landizela phezulu esibhakabhakeni lapho umlaza zaqala.

Orion saphela ngokushesha ukuze nabalila ngenxa Nymphs futhi wathandana Merope - indodakazi yenkosi yase esiqhingini saseChios Oynopiona. Lo baba wabuza hero ukwenza feat uyakufanelekela indodakazi yakhe esandleni. Nokho, i-Orion nganquma ukwenza ngendlela yalo: azibeka ukweba Merope. Inkosi efundile Hunter imiklamo ephindiselela amkhipha amehlo.

ukufa iqhawe

Orion isikhathi eside kuphela izulazula emhlabeni wonke befuna umuntu okwazi ukubuyisela emehlweni akhe. Ekugcineni, wamhawukela omunye Cyclops ihlangabezane futhi kwaholela Helios. I-unkulunkulu welanga ngakwazi ukwenza hero usabona. Orion, ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili, babuyela wokuzilibazisa yakhe. Befuna inyamazane yayo, kanye no-Arthemisi waphawula, othanda ukuzingela. ngokushesha Orion baba lover wakhe, ecasukile kakhulu umfowabo nonkulunkulukazi - Apollo. Wanquma zichithe yiphisi. Apollo, u-Arthemisi wayazi siyaziqhenya ingxoxo bakungabaza ukunemba kyokushin yayo futhi ukuhlolwa wasikisela ukuba azame ukuba hit iphuzu ezikude amnyama, glimpsed emanzini olwandle. Goddess babhekana kalula umsebenzi, engazi ukuthi iphuzu bekulokhu inhloko Orion, ngubani wanquma ukuthatha cwilisa.

Ngokushesha, u-Arthemisi wayazi ukuthi umbulali othandekayo wakhe. Orion ukulila, wenza isifungo njalo ukhumbule ambopha ezinkanyezini. Ngakho selikhanya phezu Orion esibhakabhakeni - umlaza. Izinganekwane niyikhulume isiphetho esinye samuntu iqhawe. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, ngethemba lokuba umyeni ubuhle bakhe Merope kwakhe ngesibindi ngalwa nezilo zasendle eyasongela abakhileyo esiqhingini saseChios. Lanqoba zonke, Nokho, akazange uthole intombazane, futhi Wathumba futhi waphuphuthekisa ngubaba wakhe. Ngemva kokuhlangana Helios abuyiselwe Orion abukhali, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana, wayebulewe uthukuthele-Arthemisi - usanta izilwane.

kahle imakwe

Ngakho, kubonakala sengathi umlaza Orion namuhla, ubonakala futhi izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka edlule. Lona omunye izibalo yasezulwini, kufakwe ikhathalogi "Almagest" Klavdiya Ptolemeya, yakhiwa ngu-140 AD. Ukunakwa inikezwe i-Orion lasendulo akuyona ngephutha: umlaza ugcwele izakhi elikhanyayo, ibonakale kahle kusukela Earth, futhi lokhu edonsela amehlo ukwazi. Izazi besimanje musa yokuwuthola wasezulwini isithombe ohlangothini. Abaningi izinto, okuyinto zitholakala lapha, is kahle ezaziwayo.

Laba bobabili izinkanyezi ezikhanya e umlaza ka Orion - kuyinto Rigel futhi Betelgeuse. Ukugxila akulezi zindawo ezimbili, kulula ukuthola ngal esibhakabhakeni of umzingeli ngokuphelele.

-alpha Orionis

Betelgeuse ngesi-Arabhu elisho "ikhwapha". igama Star lichaza ngokucacile indawo yayo. iphuzu Bright ibekwe phezu ikhwapha kwesokudla umzingeli. Ngezinye ukukhanya yayo Betelgeuse eziphindwe kazinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ilanga. Ubukhulu lale nkanyezi ezingaphezu kuka emzileni Mars. Lena supergiant obomvu, nihlukaniswe nathi at ibanga 540-650 light-years. It kungokwalabo inkanyezi variable semiregular, shintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi Ukukhalipha okubonakalayo. Isikhawu lolu shintsho Betelgeize - kusuka 0.4 kuya 1.3 ezidlula, futhi inkathi eziyisisekelo ihlala iminyaka 6.

beta Orionis

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi alpha nje Betelgeuse, akusiyo iphuzu bhá, equkethe isithombe umlaza i-Orion. Rigel (Arabhu elisho "unyawo") idlula yilo ipharamitha ke. Likhanya ngendlela efanayo lale nkanyezi welanga angaphezu cishe izikhathi 130,000 ibanga kusuka ukuba it is (ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene)-700 ne-900 eminyakeni ukukhanya. Rigel - the inkanyezi esiseduzane Earth, kokuba likhanya ngendlela efanayo omkhulu onjalo. Visual ezidlula - 0.12.

Rigel - a supergiant okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe, oyingxenye ye ohlelweni inkanyezi. ayehamba naye Rigel lungaphezu eliphansi in ukukhanya: ezidlula yayo sobala balinganiselwa ku-6.7. Ibanga phakathi izingxenye ezimbili imayelana 2200 AU. Ukusondela ukuba supergiant elikhanyayo Rigel kwenza kube ukucabangela kungenzeka e isibonakude. Uhlelo has a ingxenye yesithathu - Rigel C.

kuphila okufushane

inkanyezi esinjalo e umlaza ka Orion kuyinto Betelgeuse futhi Rigel, ngenxa massiveness yayo futhi likhanya ngendlela efanayo omkhulu awusona khona esifushane. Umnyaka kokubili izinto balinganiselwa ku engaba iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-10: zingabantu omncane kakhulu kunawe Sun, okuyinto has iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane zezigidi 4.5 .. Kuze engu zezwe lethu, ngeke bakwazi ukusinda. Ungqimba omkhulu, okuyinto kwakha ezidlula abalulekile ingcindezi ikhuthaza ngokushesha kakhulu ezishile-fuel izinkanyezi yangaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-core ehlala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekubeni i-neutron. Naye nqwamana futhi kuzwakale kushaqisa lapho uxhumana nge omkhulu zangaphandle igobolondo velocity. Kuzobakhona yesibili uhlobo supernova ukuqhuma.

A liyobhekana nesiphetho esifana balindelwe futhi Rigel futhi Betelgeuse. Phakathi ezinkulu izinguquko ukuqhuma umzingeli sibalo esibhakabhakeni ibhekane kuqhathaniswa ukuthi kubukeka kanjani umlaza Orion manje. Ukuwa Rigel Kuzoshanelwa emhlabeni, imini nobusuku. inkanyezi enkulu uyoba njengomvini lenyanga yekota, yaphela kancane kancane futhi ophendukayo indawo ukucasha. Betelgeuse, ngokososayensi, uyophila iminyaka eyizinkulungwane okungenani ezimbili emva ukuqhuma kuyinto lingakanani ancintisane the Moon. Ngo inkanyezi esinjalo liyokuma ayisekho esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa, bese futhi kungacimi. Nokho, lezi zenzakalo ezivele zenzeke - nasesikhathini esikude esizayo, lapho izinkanyezi elikhanyayo umlaza Orion liyaqhubeka lijabulisa nathi ukukhanya kwayo.

zone

Umlaza kufaka asterisms elikhulu inombolo (kahle amaqembu inkanyezi ebonakalayo kokuba ahlukene amagama zomlando). Ngenxa omunye wabo, umlaza ka Orion kokubili ngabantwana nangabantu abadala babe liyabonakala kalula cishe yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Lokhu ibhande umzingeli, ehlanganisa ezintathu izinkanyezi sasivumela elikhanyayo Mintaka (delta, kusukela Arabhu "Leli bhande"), Alnitak (Zeta, elihunyushwe ngokuthi "iparele ibhande") futhi Alnilam (Epsilon, "ibhande"). Asterism ubizwa nangokuthi ngokuthi "Amakhosi amathathu" noma "hala". amaphuzu amathathu elikhanyayo yakha umugqa oqondile kakhulu ephelele futhi bahlukana at amabanga alinganayo. Uma emaphethelweni eningizimu ye-mpumalanga yesifundazwe umugqa ukuqhubeka, uyokhomba ukuba Sirius - inkanyezi bhá esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. I ntshonalanga emgqeni lungaboniswa Aldebaran - inkanyezi ebomvu Taurus.

isithungu

ngalé liyabonakala we umlaza owenziwa asterism ngokuthi leso sithungu noma uvemvane. Lakhiwa ezimbalwa izinkanyezi bright: Betelgeuse Rigel, Bellatrix (gamma) Alnitak, Mintaka futhi Saif (kappa).

Gamma Orionis - inkanyezi yesithathu bhá sibalo yasezulwini. It utfolakala kuluhlobo isidlakela okumhlophe nokuluhlaza has ezidlula okusobala 1,64. isikhala into luminosity kwelanga idlula ngo 4000 futhi, kodwa isisindo salo kanye engaba akuzona njengoba umxhwele. Eyokuqala imayelana 9 wt ilanga, kanye Ipharamitha yesibili mkhulu isici okuhambisanayo yokukhanya zethu izikhathi 5.7 kuphela. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-efana Bellatrix Rigel futhi Betelgeuse. Le nkanyezi abasha liyashisa kakade kwezigidi ezingu-10. Iminyaka. Ososayensi babikezela ke kuphenduke giant ebomvu has iminyaka eziyizigidi ezimbalwa.

Inkanyezi emhlophe okwesibhakabhaka Saif cishe ngebanga elifanayo uMhlaba njengemvula Rigel, kodwa kubonakala dimmer kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu bamandla alo ikhishwa wukukhanya ku uhla ongabonakali. Saif luminosity welanga angaphezu izikhathi 5500, futhi ubukhulu - izikhathi 11.

Isikhali esikhulu

Sword akuyona asterism kangako, okuyinto uqhosha umlaza i-Orion. ISu yakhiwa ezimbili inkanyezi - θ futhi ι (Theta futhi iota) futhi Omkhulu Nebula Orion.

Theta kuyinto amaningi inkanyezi uhlelo ehlanganisa izingxenye ezine esikhanyayo kanye esilinganayo obunganakekile. Bakha quadrangle elincane, elaziwa ngokuthi i-Trapezium. Lena sasivumela abasha isikhala izinto kwakhiwa kusukela igesi interstellar nothuli. Indaba for the ukukhanya kungena emafini ezingabonwayo bangazihluphi esempumalanga umlaza. Lona Omkhulu Nebula ka-Orion.

"Nursery Stellar"

Izikhali esesabekayo Umzingeli sombuso izinkanyezi esizayo. Orion Nebula noma i-M42 - lapho kudabuka khona inani elikhulu isikhala izinto. Ihlala ukukhanya-eminyakeni engaba ngu-1,500, kodwa uma uthanda, kungabonwa ngeso lenyama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sibheke endaweni ngaphansi yibhande Orion. I-M42 libukeka uma liqhathaniswa nendawo encane sifana inkanyezi enomsila. Izithombe futhi wenza ngosizo izibonakude ezinamandla, le esigaxeni is abatelekile ubuhle bayo. It is kuleli cala hhayi kuphela Ubukhulu yayo enhle futhi ukukhazimula ngokubomvu ezaziwayo. Ziningi okuthiwa kuyo lezinkanyezi, lapho ukukhanya Ngokuzayo akhiwa. Kuyinto esiseduzane kithi njengemvula ndawo. Kusukela nezinye kuyo lezinkanyezi Omkhulu Nebula e Orion libhekene yokuthi kukhona ifu igesi nothuli cishe kungaphazamisi ekutadisheni inkanyezi kumiswa inqubo. Ngenxa yalesi cishe zonke ulwazi yesimanje mayelana ukwakheka izinkanyezi ethathelwe kugcinwa-M42.

ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu

muva Orion ibalazwe umlaza kulekelelwa enye into ezithakazelisayo etholakala eduze Trapezium. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuvela M42 esigaxeni iphutha inqwaba ukushayisana zezinkanyezi, okungase kubangele kumiswa umgodi black, beyizidlova ilanga ngesisindo kayikhulu. Lokhu kucatshangwa kuvumelana kakhulu nge-data kwi isici ngesivinini izinkanyezi ezakha Orion Trapezium. Uma ukhona umgodi omnyama kuqinisekisiwe, kuzoba esiseduzane yesimiso sonozungezilanga into efanayo.

ihhashi ikhanda

Izimo efana nezilwane, kuhluke ngu kuphela Umlaza esibhakabhakeni. Orion idume omunye esigaxeni wabiza "Horsehead Nebula" (noma B33). Empeleni ungathi ezakheke ikhanda zehhashi. Ikhono ukubona uhlaka ecacile imfanelo yethu ukukhanyisa, okuyinto kudala omunye esigaxeni, nikhonze okwenza for "ikhanda zehhashi". B33 uqobo akusho ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana zokukhanya, sihlobana i mafu umswakama. Ngakho, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi isizinda acacile kuyoba kakhulu kabi ebonakalayo. Futhi izimo zamanje kanye umsebenzi abawutholayo izibambo wonke amadivayisi, ngoba "ihhashi ikhanda" wenza uhlobo umaka ukuseviswa nokunemba imishini.

ukukhanya lembhali

Incazelo ukuthi kubukeka kanjani Orion iKhima, ngeke ephelele ngaphandle Ukhulumé ngisho nabaningana mafu ngokuvamile azinakwa ngokokukhetha kwabacwaningi ngenxa lubonakaliswa aphansi yangaphandle. Lokhu okuthiwa kuveza mafu. Yiqiniso, balahlekelwa ngokumelene M42 liqhakazile, kodwa nokho kukhona amanye isithakazelo. Nebula-NGC 1977, i-NGC 1975 futhi-NGC 1973 zitholakala inkemba Orion kancane enyakatho-M42. Ngenxa ibonisa likhanyise interstellar uthuli bhá izinkanyezi abasha, lezi mafu abe nombala bluish ezithombeni. Ezithwetshulwe izibonakude ezindaweni ezintathu esigaxeni omnyama ahlukaniswe emaphethelweni esikhanyayo ngokubomvu ekushayweni hydrogen ama-athomu ukwakha ngalé egijima indoda - isithombe esisodwa kalula e umlaza i-Orion.

ukukhanya okuzelwe

Ngokungavamile ubukeka enhle esigaxeni "ilangabi" (elinye igama layo - "Ithoshi"). Lena enye indawo lapho njalo ozalwa inkanyezi entsha e umlaza i-Orion. In the izithombe, kufana emlilweni ovutha amalangabi: elikhazimulayo amafu namabala amnyama zifane amalangabi. Nebula "Ithoshi" itholakala eduze Sigma Orionis futhi kuqokonyiswe. Ibanga kusuka ukuba sombuso izinkanyezi bezinsizwa light-years abangaba yinkulungwane.

Umlaza i-Orion, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle elinikwe ngenhla, ubhekwa izithombe amahle kakhulu yasezulwini. Izinkanyezi Bright ezihlanganisa ke, vumela ngalé kwezindaba umzingeli wasenganekwaneni obonakalayo cishe njalo. Siyabonga kubo okufanayo, kubalwa kanye indawo obuka akasoze ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nendlela ukuthola umlaza i-Orion. Ukuze izazi zezinkanyezi eziyizimfundamakhwela kule sibalo yasezulwini sibalulekile, ukuthi iningi izakhi zalo ziyatholakala cwaningo eqondile okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Okunye izingxenye, ezifana ingxenye yeGreat i-Orion Nebula, kungabonakala nasemkhakheni nge isibonakude encane noma omabonakude.