Kuyini onkulunkulu? pantheons Roman nesiGreki

Igama elithi "onkulunkulu" has izincazelo eziningi, ngandlela-thile exhunyiwe nomunye, kulesi sihloko, kuxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe zonke izimiso zayo.

Kuyini onkulunkulu?

Igama elithi "onkulunkulu" lisuselwa pan ngesiGreki ( "zonke") futhi theos ( "nkulunkulu"), okuyinto igama ovamile for bonke onkulunkulu, nakunoma yisiphi inkolo noma izinganekwane. AmaGreki asendulo futhi amaRoma + ngakho ngokuthi ithempeli elalinikezelwe bonke onkulunkulu. Futhi, incazelo enjalo kufanelekile ekubizweni izakhiwo omkhulukazi, izakhiwo lapho ubuntu evelele bangcwatshwe. izwi kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ukuchaza iqembu onkulunkulu a izinganekwane ethile (nesi, isiGreki, namaRoma, amaGibhithe nezinye Slavic). Izinkolelo impucuko yasendulo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa izinkolo ngaphezulu yesimanje, bathambekele inombolo enkulu onkulunkulu okuqondene sphere ehlukehlukene yomphakathi.

Onkulunkulu eRoma

On umbuzo "Uyini kela" IRoma cishe baphendule ngokuthi "ithempeli kwabo bonke onkulunkulu." Lena eyingqayizivele yenhloko-dolobha yesimanje ye-Italy, i-wobuciko yezakhiwo laseRoma lasendulo. Yakhiwa phakathi nokubusa koMbusi uHadrian ngonyaka 126 BC. e., ngesikhathi usadlondlobele zokugcina zombuso. onkulunkulu waseRoma kwakuyiyona ukuvuselelwa "Ithempeli kwabo bonke onkulunkulu" eyakha Mark Agripha. Igama lakhe njengoba umakhi lokuqala immortalized esakhiweni. Kuyinto ibandla elikhulu oluyingungu wangaleyo nkathi, futhi ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX, akakwazanga beat. Onkulunkulu eRoma (isithombe okusesihlokweni esithi) uyisibonelo lamathempeli Dome izakhiwo. Abaningi baye bazama ukukopisha, kodwa akakwazanga ukuthola nxazonke e isikali kanye nobuhle. Kubukeka ngempela omkhulu. Monolithic izindonga nalutho emhlabeni azungezwe ukudlula phambi kompheme, ehlanganisa ezimbili zezitokisi ezingu-amakholomu giant, ngokuphelele aqoshiwe kusuka egwadle. Dome onkulunkulu uyisimanga zomklamo isikhathi. Wenziwe ngendlela Nenkabazwe njalo, ubukhulu bayo kuyinto 43 m, Dome ukuphakama ilingana ukuphakama izindonga. Maphakathi Dome yiso okuthiwa onkulunkulu - elikhulu iwindi round nge ububanzi 9 m Ungumthombo wako kuphela zokukhanya Rotunda -. Leli hholo eyinhloko onkulunkulu. Ngasezindongeni zemabula we Rotunda kukhona niches lapho emifanekisweni babedabuka onkulunkulu bamanga ophakeme WamaRoma, futhi manje - okungcwatshwa ngayo ubuntu abadumile nama-altare. Lapho iRoma bamukela ubuKristu, onkulunkulu yasala dengwane, kanye eyayibhalwe zethusi enamathela we Dome futhi kuvulandi baphuthunyiswe Ngaphanga amanye amabandla. Kamuva, ngonyaka 609 BC. e., iSonto LamaRoma onkulunkulu wanikwa amukelwa yisonto lobuKristu. Kusukela ngesikhathi liqala bangcwabe abanegama amasiko ubuciko, kanye namalungu imikhaya yasebukhosini. Kukhona, isibonelo, ethuneni Raphael, Italy inkosi yokuqala Viktora Emmanuila II, kanye nabanye.

onkulunkulu bamaRoma

Enye inguqulo ye impendulo yombuzo othi: "Kuyini onkulunkulu?" - iqoqo nawonkulunkulu a izinganekwane esithile, kulokhu sizogxila wamaRoma. Kuyinto behlonipha onkulunkulu basendulo eyakhelwe leso simangaliso, efana LamaRoma onkulunkulu, okuyinto okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni. Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza amaRoma babe emangalisayo esisebenzayo kanye nokwamukela engcono ezizwe ezihlukahlukene engomakhelwane noma yanqotshwa. Onkulunkulu main ababaziwa, bacela kusukela amaGreki asendulo futhi ukuqanjwa kabusha, ukuze uvumelane nabo ku umqondo wemfundiso yabo eyisisekelo. Ngokungafani esiGrekini, onkulunkulu ongumRoma Olympus kwakungewona awakhe, avame uchazwa ngokuthi uhlamvu. Jupiter, Mars kanye Quirinus babe onkulunkulu ezinkulu triad sibonakalisa imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko emphakathini: zenkolo nolwabapristi, ezempi kanye nezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho ababenakho lonke zaziziningi abanye onkulunkulu, onkulunkulu aphansi kanye nemimoya. Abahlukahlukene onkulunkulu abashisekeli yonke imikhakha yempilo yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Kwakukhona, isibonelo, onkulunkulu wezilwandle, amahlathi, wokuzingela, wenzalo ezolimo, nemfuyo, le; onkulunkulu owavikela izimpilo, ngokusiza lapho ebeletha, ukunakekela ingane, igcinwe umshado, kanye nabanye abaningi. Phakathi edume kunazo: Janus - uMdali emhlabeni futhi uhlanga lwesintu, Jupiter - ophakeme, unkulunkulu wokuduma kwezulu nombani, umvikeli bababusi, Pluto - unkulunkulu zokufa eHayidese, Neptune - unkulunkulu zolwandle yonke indawo amanzi, intabamlilo - umxhasi izikebhe le wensimbi kanye unkulunkulu umlilo, Mars - nenkani, nakuba kwaba ekuqaleni wenzalo. Kukholakala ukuthi yena waba nguyise kukaRomulus futhi Remus - abasunguli waseRoma, ngakho wathola umvikeli wakhe kanye nomvikeli. Yaziwa Mercury, Minerva, Venus, Bacchus, Phoebus, okuyinto bahlanganisa ikakhulu lo kela onkulunkulu baseRoma.

eGrisi lasendulo

Ngo zamaGreki, isakhi esibaluleke kakhulu lozalo yasekuqaleni futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukulandelana kwezikhathi izenzakalo. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona Chaos njengoba ngesisekelo yonke, kusukela lapho ngosizo Eros uvele Uranus futhi Gaia (komhlaba nesibhakabhaka), baba nomfazi. Lazo bazalelwa imidondoshiya Cyclopes, okuyinto Uranus waphonsa eThartharusi. Ukulandela Titans abazalwanga edume kakhulu okuyizinto: Themis (unkulunkulukazi ubulungiswa), Mnemosyne (unkulunkulukazi inkumbulo), Ocean, uRhea Kronos, owawungumnyaka ukuba sibuse izwe washada Rhea. Ngokusho kwesiprofetho, ke kwadingeka ukuba agumbuqele izingane zabo siqu, ngakho kugwinywe zonke izingane zabo. Kodwa nomkakhe ababesindise Zeus abasha, wafihla. Lapho uZeyusi ekhula, baphoqwa uyise ukubuyela ezinye izingane kugwinywe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba khona impi phakathi konkulunkulu Titans, lapho uZeyusi abanye onkulunkulu wasiza uwine imidondoshiya Cyclopes, ayivusa ziyabuyiswa eThartharusi. UZeyusi wayengunkulunkulu obuphakeme esibhakabhakeni, ekudumeni kwezulu nasekubanikeni, ubusa phezu kwakho zonke izinto. Ndawonye nabafowethu nodadewethu kwakhe konke wahlala phezu engcwele INtaba i-Olympus. onkulunkulu ngesiGreki siqukethe nambili ezinkulu onkulunkulu Olympian: uZeyusi, Poseidon (unkulunkulu kolwandle), Hera (nomkakhe, unkulunkulukazi womshado nomndeni), eHayidese (unkulunkulu umbuso kwabafileyo), Ares (unkulunkulu impi), u-Aphrodite (ngomfazi Ares, unkulunkulukazi wothando futhi Nobuhle), u-Athena (unkulunkulukazi ukuhlakanipha), Demeter (unkulunkulukazi wenzalo), Hephaestus (unkulunkulu abakhandi bensimbi kanye netingcweti temsebenti), u-Arthemisi (unkulunkulukazi wokuzingela), Hermes (unkulunkulu ukuhweba lekufundzisa), Dionysus (unkulunkulu iwayini). Ngaphandle kwalezi, kukhona onkulunkulu bamanga nabanye, imimoya, Nymphs.

isiphetho

Kulesi sihloko, sithola impendulo enemininingwane yombuzo: - ngezibonelo zako ezisemqoka "Kuyini onkulunkulu?". Yiqiniso, ngaphezu pantheons ngesiGreki namaRoma, kukhona indoda engumGibhithe, nesi, futhi eziningi nezinye amasiko Slavic futhi Ezinganekwaneni lwezizwe ngezizwe. Kubafanele yini isifundo olukhulu futhi ngizinaka, kodwa ucwaningo lwabo enemininingwane kuyadingeka ukuba achithe isihloko ehlukile.