Kuyini esiliva solder? Izakhiwo kanye nezithombe

Ukuze songe imali, abaningi zenziwa solder esiliva ngesandla. Ake uchaze izici ubuchwepheshe, izicelo zika-ingxubevange esiphelele.

Uma ungeyena beqiniseka amakhono abo, kungcono uthenge pasta ngomumo eyenziwe hhayi ukuchitha isikhathi ucwaningo womuntu ongabazisayo.

Kuyini ingxubevange

esiliva Pure - metal ezithambile, ngakho-ke asifanele umsebenzi. Ngokuyinhloko amakhosi ukusebenzisa ingxube okuyinto yakhiwa zinc, nickel, aluminium, zethusi cadmium. I solders esiliva kunesiliva zihlanganisa zinc nethusi. I umphetho wakhiwa Ukwakheka ezinjalo, etholwe eqinile futhi iqine.

Zezakhi, bethusi, zinc, unekhono okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze ukuncibilika. Basuke esetshenziselwa solder esiliva. Ukuze ulawule lenzalo yayo isakhiwo yakhelwe GOST 19746 74. Solders, grade esiliva njalo elicacisiwe imiyalelo imikhiqizo. Solder umthungo, okuyinto etholakala ngale ndlela etholwe okuqinile.

Solder brand PSrMts 37

esiliva solder wire (37 PSrMts futhi SEP-25) isetshenziswa ukuxhuma evele ezenziwe ngethusi. Ifomu ekukhiqizeni salo ishidi okuqhubekayo. It is sibe yimichilo of ukushuba 1.5-2 mm. Igebe phakathi evele ngokujoyina zigcwele solder esiliva, uyakwazi withstanding ukusonteka mechanical vibration.

amakhemikhali ukwakheka

inqubo ubuchwepheshe kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa solder esiliva, senzelwe nokunamathisela ngomthofu isinyathelo. Njengoba sazi ukuthi solder kumelwe ukumelana okushisa afinyelela ku-600 ° C, izingxenye zalo yilezi: 33% cadmium, 30% esiliva, 16% zinc, 20% yethusi. Ukwakheka kunalokho ethambile, ayikwazi ukumelana kunyakaza. Lapho inani lesiliva ukuze 52% we ingxube woketshezi etholwe ukumelana nokunamathisela ngomthofu multistage.

Main yokupheka iresiphi esiliva solder

Ake sizame ukuthola indlela yokwenza solder esiliva ekhaya. Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona ekukhiqizeni yayo, ngamunye has umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama yayo. Ukuze uthole i-uhlamvu lwemali ingxubevange iyadingeka (amadola amahlanu) 1924 , kanye amasenti ezinhlanu 1962. Ukuze usebenze kudingeka: Ingus, isiliva, igesi sikaphalafini, spoon.

Ukukhiqiza solder esiliva iqala igcwale amanzi ensimbini eyigugu. Bese wengeza Nickels uhlamvu lwemali. Ukuze eshukumisayo ngokugcwele, ingxube wazamazama ku spoon. Isikhathi le nqubo incike yi yokugcina kuhlangana. Ububi lo mshini ashise yizici zamakhemikhali atlhogekako solder. Ngokulandelayo, wizadi ngubani kudala ngezandla zakhe ingxubevange ethulula kube Ingus ngaphandle kokudubula imiqulu. I solder nomphumela has a 900 isampula. Lapho nokunamathisela ngomthofu ecucuza kumele uzilungiselele fresh, ukuqinisekisa izinga lomsebenzi. Master ubala ilangabi e sikaphalafini igesi uphawulile etholwe ngisho futhi iqine.

imisebenzi Technical

Ukuze amaphepha lobuchwepheshe esetshenziswa solder esiliva ehlanganisa izingxenye 80, bethusi 16, 4-zinc. Okuthakazelisayo ubucwebe esiliva solder, ogama Ukwakheka kuyinto: 2.8 izingxenye zethusi, 7 - esiliva, 0.2 - zinc. Ngaphambi umsebenzi wenziwa bula zethusi oxide ifilimu. Ukuze uthole 10 amagremu of the solder 999 kunjengesiliva esibunjiweyo. Brass sengezwe kwensimbi ketshezi, sibhebhezela ngesipuni. Ngemva ukuncibilika ephelele ingxube lahlanganisa zinc, ukwakheka okuholela ikhishwa. ishidi Eminye iphuma inqanyulwa nge sikelo kanye ukukalwa ngesikali ibhalansi. Ukuze umsebenzi ngempumelelo kudingeka: spoon, lokukhuhla, a sikaphalafini igesi, izikali, izaphulelo, ngokuba spoon kuhlangana. solders Isiliva ungalilahli zethusi, isiliva, okumsulwa zinc borax. Ukuze yokukhiqiza isixazululo lwezobuchwepheshe isiliva solder amasampula 94 noma 96. Thola ikani metal ngesikhathi omlilo silverware: eluka, eluka, brocades.

solder ukuncibilika

Zaphela izinsimbi eziyingxenye ingxube etholwe Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist solder zesiliva steel. Beka ijeli esithandweni, ukulungiselela imishini ekhethekile: borax, esitsheni yamanzi, ingxube carbonic yensimbi hook Ukuphekwa Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist. Okokuqala kubalulekile ancibilike refractory bese ungeze ku ingxube izinsimbi fusible. Ukuze wenze ngezandla zakhe izinga okusezingeni solder, umsebenzi kufanele ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala, Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist lasuswa kusukela Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist, wajoyina metal esitsheni Imigodi egcwele amanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona okuhle solder amaconsi. Basuke omisiwe, bese inike elicibilikile, esehlanganise ensundu. Uma isizinda Incibilikile ngokuphelele, it is batheleka isikhunta ekhethekile. Ngemva solidification we imigoqo noma ama-tile iphuma ibe izicezu. Ukuze ukusetshenziswa alandelayo cut kwi lathe on a wire elincanyana.

Izimpawu ukwakhiwa meltability naphakathi

Yiziphi solders okuzenzela esiliva? izakhiwo zabo zifana izingoma ukuthi kukhona endaweni yezimboni. Sathola amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu brazing, ukugqwala ukumelana, ongaphakeme ukuma, okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity ezishisayo. Ngesikhathi kokuhlinzwa, ukwakheka igcwalisa esikhaleni wonke phakathi evele solder, kunikeza umthungo bushelelezi futhi iqine. Uma ufuna ukwenza uphawu PSP-72 ingxubevange kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngu doping iphuzu lithium ukuncibilika zethusi kuyehla. ukwakhiwa okunjalo kufanelekile brazing izingxenye steel amelana ukugqwala zamakhemikhali.

Ukulungisa solder ekhaya: izici algorithm

brazing Isiliva ekhaya kudinga inqubo reverse - ukuguqulwa metal oncibilikisiwe esimweni okuqinile. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba zigcwale amanzi ngokuphelele esiliveni, bese ke ubeke Ingus. Lonke umsebenzi uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: womshini nezinkezo - Foundry, i ecucuza okufakiwe, ukubekwa e isipuni esigcwele batch, ukubunjwa, a impahla eluhlaza, ngesizotha Ingus.

Beka spoon phansi ibhokisi elincane amakhadibhodi ke ipuleti libe likhudlwana, ngakho-ke zihambisana emaphethelweni ngesipuni. Khona-ke qualitatively ethosiwe amakhadibhodi amashidi. Umbhede kufanele kube ngilugweda ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo. solder ukuncibilika inqubo ekhaya kungapheli, ngakho babe nesineke. batch ekuhlungeni wenziwa on esikalini ubucwebe. Master kudingeka izinto ezilandelayo:

• ubucwebe, izikali ngogesi;
• 20 g we esiliva Scrap amasampula 916;
• esiliva Scrap amasampula 875;
• yakuthatha (12 grams);
• borax;
• solder insimbi;
• igesi sikaphalafini

Yonke batch ihlukaniswe yaba yinqwaba eziningana 18-20 amagremu. Ezixutshiwe Scrap isiliva amasampula 875. Ukuze uthole sokuncibilikisa zidinga cishe 6 amagremu Scrap futhi 42% okumsulwa. Magnet is bahlanza kusuka ukungcola yensimbi.

amasampula 875 ezithathwe wesiliva nethusi womshini solder, isilinganiso kufanele kube 4: 1 (amahlanu zamadola zidinga esiliva uhlamvu lwemali yethusi ezintathu). Ukuze ecucuza esetshenziswa borax e isilinganiso 1 kuya ku 10. Okulandelayo, wenziwa ilangabi ukulungiswa. Asincomi umlilo kakhulu, lokho kuyoholela evutha metal, kunokuba encibilika. Ngenhla sikaphalafini igesi ibekwe spoon. Ngo inqubo ukuncibilika kuyahlukahluka umbala esiliva, ngulona logeleta phansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho Ingus ibekwe eduze ilangabi ukufudumeza ke. Ukuze eliphezulu ancibilike kuqala ezigcotshwe ngemakhilayoni. Ungavumeli Ukupholisa ngomoya ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga futhi isicwebezelisi, kuyoba nomthelela izici yomsebenzi solder. metal Liquid is wathululwa kancane kusifudumeza Ingus. Khona-ke ake amanzi abandayo. Ngemva ephelele Ukupholisa ibha donsa, ukuvula kuleli fomu. Asbhestosi emaplastikini lacinile nobe ebhokisini enamathela ingasetshenziswa 3-5 heats.

Ukulungisa of silverware

Beautiful ngamaketanga, namasongo, namacici, izimfoloko, nezinkezo, coasters sasenziwe ngesiliva ehlotshiswe ukuphila komuntu. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imikhiqizo eziyigugu metal sokudiliza, okudinga ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa. Ukuze enze lowo msebenzi kudingeka solder esiliva. Ukuze 925 kungenziwa ngesandla, usebenzisa iseluleko Jewelers okhokhelwayo. Ukuze umsebenzi udinga izinto ezilandelayo kanye namathuluzi: nokunamathisela ngomthofu ezivamile futhi engaphumi njalo asakazwe solder, Scrap esiliva. Le nguqulo olula indlela yokulungisa iketango idabukile - uwuthathe ngamagugu. Kodwa ungakwazi ukubhekana nale nkinga futhi ekhaya ukuze ulondoloze imali. Ukuze ngesandla soldered esiliva, kumele wazi kahle algorithm yezenzo, izindlela zobuchwepheshe, ukutadisha Izakhiwo isiliva Alloys yayo.

Imithetho nokunamathisela ngomthofu silverware

Ukuze enze lezi zenzo kubalulekile ukuba ulwazi izici physico-chemical material. Isiliva Melting iphuzu - 960 degrees Celsius. Kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa Jewelers kuyinto isilinganiso. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuncibilika zethusi kungenzeka nganoma 1083ºS igolide liyancibilika at 1063ºS.

Kuye izingxenye kufakwe esiliva kuzohluka lokushisa yabo. Ukuze ukubone ngokuthe ngqo izici ingxubevange, kungenzeka ukusizakala iziqondiso zemishini. Ukumaka solders esiliva Russian kuhilela ukulandelana izinhlamvu nezinombolo. Izinombolo elichaza iphesenti metal yizicukuthwane ku solder.

Ukuze balungise umkhiqizo esiliva, udinga ukulungisa yensimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu, ukuhlanza ebusweni. solder Isiliva ivumela eqinile, amalunga omzimba Friend, nemithi ukugqwala. Lapho silungisa imigexo isicelo solder equkethe amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-70 esiliva, noma solder unama ekhethekile.

Ekhaya, zokulungisa imigexo emincane yesiliva ibhalwe efanelekayo Alloys, zinc, nethusi cadmium. Eliphezulu "izimfundamakhwela ziyaye" kuyoba kokwakhiwa okulandelayo: isiliva izingxenye 45, 25 - ithusi, 30 - zinc. Ukuqeda izingxenye wenziwa kwesithando somlilo muffle zidinga yokucucuza. Ingxube wafakwa wathela ungene substrate, Emva lwaluyophola, is idlule umshini ugingqe ukuthola amashidi mncane. ukujiya yabo kumele singeqi 0.5 mm. Ukuze ikhaya nokunamathisela ngomthofu kwakudingeka amaphepha ububanzi 1-3 mm. Ikhaya izabelo ubucwebe esiliva akuyona efiselekayo ukusebenzisa izingoma equkethe cadmium. Lokhu metal kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. indawo nokunamathisela ngomthofu wadalula emoyeni, oxides akhiwa. Ukuvimbela lokhu mkhuba, asetshenziswa ekhaya izabelo isigcino (ecucuza). Lapho ukuncibilika solder esiliva kubalulekile ukulandela ukusatshalaliswa umfaniswano yokucucuza we ebusweni ngayo. Uma kukhona ukungabaza in amakhono nolwazi ezincwadini inqubo nokunamathisela ngomthofu, kungcono uxhumane ngamagugu okhokhelwayo.

Akunconyelwe ukuze isetshenziswe izingoma equkethe cadmium ekhaya, njengoba ukuhwamuka ka yena impilo inomphumela omubi. Ukuvimbela inqubo oxidative nezinye ukusabela ezingezinhle kungenzeka ukusebenzisa flux (isigcino). Kubalulekile ukuthi nombala basakaza phezu kobuso metal.

isiphetho

brazing Isiliva kudinga amakhono akhethekile kusukela master nesibindi. Elamukelekile kungenzeka kuphela uma kukhethwe kahle ecucuza, solder esiliva. Scrap esiliva asifanele ilungisa izinto endlini, ngoba lokuncibilika lingaphansi kunalokhu ukuthi izinto abuyiselwe. Asihambisani ukusebenza kanye nokusungulwa kokuba elilinganayo yakuthatha ancibilike Inkomba. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukugeleza ngesikhathi ukuncibilika solder.