Kuthathwa ezweni: base, ukuze iseluleko sezomthetho

Kuthathwa umhlaba umi njengoba lamathuluzi lapho kuhlukaniswa emasimini ukusetshenziswa umphakathi. Ngokusho umthetho, ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuvunyelwe ezimweni ngokuqinile echaziwe. Esesizokuhlola kanjani ukuqhubeka ukususwa umhlaba.

Uhlolojikelele

Lokho iziza kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Njengoba omunye wabo eziphatha njengoba wokuhlengwa kwezwe. Lapho ngidayisa nge iziza kumele kunakwe izithakazelo umphakathi kanye isakhamuzi ngabanye (umnikazi). Iziphathimandla angeke bachithe wesakhiwo, yokwephula amalungelo abantu abasebenzisa umhlaba.

RF ZK

Amacala lapho kuvunyelwe ukususwa umhlaba kusukela umnikazi kuchaziwe Art. 49. Kungenzeka ezihlobene:

1. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwesibopho samazwe omhlaba we Russian Federation.
2. Indawo izindawo okubalulekile yombuso kanye lendawo ngokungabi bikho ezinye izinketho.
3. Ngamanye izimo ngokunqaba umtsetfo.

imikhawulo

Umthetho lelipelwe imithetho ngokuhambisana okuyinto ukuthengwa komhlaba. Imithetho amacala ulinganiselwe kuchazwa. Ngokwesibonelo, efakiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa ezindaweni zokulima. Lo mthetho uvumela sokuhoxiswa komhlaba wokwakha. Nokho, ukukhishwa kuyakuba kuphela ngokuhambisana epulanini futhi imigomo yokusetshenziswa endaweni nokubeka izinto kuso. Ukuze iziqiwi kusungulwa operation mode ekhethekile. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezifana nezinye izinjongo, kuhlanganise kuhlukaniswa, nomkhawulo noma kunqatshelwe. Emacaleni angakajayeleki imithetho ekhethekile zisebenze ezweni elalihlala amahlathi neqembu lokuqala.

esibalulekile

Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu ngoba ukukhishwa izenzo ukubeka isinqumo Ukuhoxiswa umhlaba. It is yamukelwe amandla wezokuphatha iziphathimandla federal noma lesifunda. izakhiwo Local awukwazi ukuthatha isinqumo Ukuhoxiswa umhlaba ngenhloso kamasipala. Lapho kuphakama isidingo kutiphatsimandla tesigodzi, kumele afake isicelo lesifunda.

Imininingwane yalolu inqubo

Ngokuvamile, ukuhoxiswa umhlaba iziza izidingo isimo Kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo babanike ngabantu abafanelekile. ngokucacile kulawulwa umthetho lonke inqubo. Kuhlanganisa izigaba ezimbili:

1. ukwamukelwa owandulelayo indawo into.
2. Direct inyumbazane isabelo.

Inqubo ukususwa umhlaba

Ngesikhathi sigaba yesivumelwano kwangaphambilini ngempela ingxenye umnikazi esabelweni. Endabeni ka ukungavumelani izenzo neziphathimandla, ungaya enkantolo. Ngakho, kungavimbela kwemukelwa isinqumo sokuhoxa. Ezinye zezinto ezisemqoka ukuvikela izithakazelo abanikazi iziqinisekiso esivuna yokubika saziso ukuze iziphathimandla abanekhono-oda. Kuthathwa izwe azivumelanga ngaphambili konyaka owodwa ngemuva kokwemukelwa yayo. Nokho, umthetho, kungenzeka bokuhlukaniswa emasimini ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina. It is uvunyelwe kuphela ngenkululeko nabanikazi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umkhuba kokuhoxiswa kokuhlelwa umhlaba iziza ibonisa ukuthi isaziso iziphathimandla abanekhono Izıhlabane ngqo ngisho pre-ukuvunyelwa esiteji. Kule ndaba, ukubala kwesikhathi yonyaka wenziwa maqondana nesikhathi kokuthola isaziso umnikazi.

Amagama angukhiye

Ubunikazi of umthetho umhlaba umi njengoba omunye izigaba eziyinhloko ngaphansi kwesivikelo umthetho. Kule ndaba, njengoba izimo ukhiye we kuhlukaniswa ka isabelo izenzo okulingana nokubuyisela ngaphambi. Inani isinxephezelo, izimo yokukhokha kwaso ezinqunywe isivumelwano, okuyinto umnikazi. Umtsetfo lokhona lingashoni izimfuneko ngendlela isivumelwano esinjalo. Ababambe iqhaza kuthengiselana angasebenza izinhlangano ezihlinzeka amasevisi zomthetho ukuze umdwebo up yesivumelwano. Ngenxa ehlangothini lwesibili umzimba kufanele athathe isinyathelo, wenzela WaseRussia, indawo yayo noma mod, esesikhundleni izifakazo efanele.

intengo

It wagqoka inani lemakethe likhona futhi kwempahla engagudluki elise kuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo kuhlanganisa ukulahleka ekuthatheni umhlaba, kanye nokulahlekelwa inzuzo. Isivumelwano kumele kukhonjiswe ukulahlekelwa kuzona umnikazi ngenxa ekunqanyulweni ekuseni izibopho zayo ukuze besithathu. Ukuze isenzo Ukukhetha kufanele bufakwe izibalo umnikazi ukulahlekelwa (umsebenzisi noma yisiphi isiqashi), ezamahlathi udoti kanye ukukhiqiza kwezolimo. Basuke kunqunywa enanini lomuzi ngosuku lokwamukelwa ngesinqumo phezu kuhlukaniswa ka isabelo. Ngokusho Art. 53 ZOC imithetho isinxephezelo nokulahlekelwa kuzona mayelana inqubo kokuhoxiswa kokuhlelwa komhlaba noma zesikhashana umsebenzi wakhe, izivimbelo umnikazi izici eyisakhamuzi noma umsebenzisi, kanye ukuphelelwa amandla kwenhlabathi ngenxa nakuletinye tifundvo Imisebenti isethwe nguhulumeni.

ukulahlekelwa inzuzo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, likhona isinxephezelo ngaso zokuqaleka. Ukulahlekelwa inzuzo neyaziwayo izimali okufanele babe, kodwa akazange uthole umnikazi esabelweni. Kufanele belashwe lemali intela ye ukudluliselwa komhlaba phakade. inzuzo Lost ezibhekwa amacala afanayo impahla kwamanye idluliselwe ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana noma unomphela.

Izici yokukhokha

Nokubuyisela isabelo ngezithukuthuku izimali kwesabelomali. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekuthatheni umhlaba wenziwa esivuna Russian Federation, esifundeni noma eMnyango Wezokuvikela. Ngokuphathelene isinxephezelo ukulahlekelwa it is eyalo abadlali (izikhungo, amabhizinisi noma izinhlangano), okuyinto uma bafaka. Ngezinye elifanayo uxhaso isikhathi abanikazi ezintsha ezenziwe kusukela amabhajethi abafanele. Izindleko zezinkampani kuzona mayelana isinxephezelo ukulahlekelwa zaba ku izilinganiso. Ngakho, isinxephezelo noma kunjalo kwenziwe kusukela okuhambisanayo isabelomali ezingeni.

isinxephezelo okunye

ingxenye Umnikazi ngesikhathi ukuhoxiswa kwalo kungase kuhlinzekwe ukubeka ezinye. Izindleko wale mithandazo kunakwe ekusunguleni Inani lokukhulula. isabelo entsha ekutholakaleni kwe indawo evulekile endaweni. Uma intengo entsha indawo ephakeme kunaleyo yangaphambili, umnikazi noma ezihlongozwayo ukukhokha lemali esele, noma umehluko ukubala ngenxa ukulahlekelwa. Uma kwenzeka yokwenqaba ukunikeza iziphathimandla abanekhono ukubeka esikhundleni sohlelo zihlukanisiwe, umnikazi angafaka isicelo enkantolo. Kulokhu, kuyancomeka ukuba acele ukwesekwa izinhlangano ukuthi izinsizakalo zomthetho ku uchwepheshe isisekelo. Uma ngokuhamba kokuqhutshwa uzobe esikhoselweni Imininingwane ukutholakala ezindaweni mayelana phendla kumele lesimbi bajeza.

Ezicashile umthetho

I imigomo ehlinzekelwe eziningi umehluko ezinengqondo mayelana nokukhishwa izwe kusukela abanikazi ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nabasebenzisi - ngakolunye. I LC umisa imitsetfo ngoba ukukhishwa iziza abaqashile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yokugcina kungukuthi ngokunqaba Civil Code. Abanikazi yezwe ngaphansi ehoxile bayakwazi ukuthola nokubuyisela nokunxeshezelwa ngenxa ukulahlekelwa kuzona. Amalungu nabaqashi ungakwazi kuphela ancike yokugcina. Lo mthetho kuyinto ngempela kunengqondo. Uma kwenzeka umnikazi abaqashi kanye nabasebenzisi ingxenye akashintshi. Kulokhu, izihloko ecacisiwe egqoka wadluliswa mahhala. Lokhu isiqondiso esithinta imithetho ukulahlekelwa ukubala. Ngokwesibonelo, nokuhlola izindawo, okuyinto zitholakala ezweni kuhoxiswe wenziwa ngemali elilinganisiwe ekwakheni izakhiwo ezintsha ayalingana futsi etholakala umthamo, idigri imishini, nokunye. Izibalo izithelo kanye berry izitshalo (othela izithelo), zokuzivikela kanye nezinye izitshalo zisetshenziswa akhiqizwa ngokuhambisana izindleko izithombo kanye nezindleko zokutshala kanye ukutshalwa ngaphambi yokuvuthwa noma ukuvala imiqhele. Kuhlola ukwakhiwa kuyaqhubeka Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana ukubulawa langempela ukwenaba umsebenzi nezindleko e amanani esungulwe ngesikhathi lokuhoxa. A Ukubusa efanayo kusebenza izitshalo okungezona esindayo. Isinxephezelo wokungakwazi inzuzo eyenziwe ngesikhathi. Inani kufanele alingane semali elahlekile ngesikhathi nokuvulwa ukukhiqizwa. Ekunqumeni izimiso ukulahlekelwa ukubala kuzo zonke izimo, ukulahlekelwa ukubambisana nalabo esisebenzisana nabo. Nokho, kufanele enziwe isenzo bhalisiwe ngabaphethe wendawo.

Ukungaphumeleli ukuyisebenzisa ukubeka

Umhlaba obekelwe ezolimo noma ukwakhiwa, kodwa bexhashazwa inhloso yazo kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu, kungase kungahoxiswa uma umthetho alinikezi kuze kudlule isikhathi eside. Phakathi nale nkathi ungafaki isikhathi ezazidingeka kulo msebenzi on ukuthuthukisa nesiqephu sezwe esisodwa, kanye yinkathi ke ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondene izinhlekelele zemvelo, noma ezinye izimo. Ukuze ukuhoxiswa kwakungokomthetho yini, amaqiniso abonisa ukuthi isayithi hhayi eziqhutshwa, kufanele kubhalwe. Ekuhlinzekeni izindawo ngoba kwemikhiqizo yezolimo kulindeleke ukuba kuqale okukhipha ngokushesha ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kudingeka wentuthuko. ubude bayo kumele eshiwo kumadokhumenti ngoba uyisabelo. Lapho ukudluliswa komhlaba ukuze kwakhiwe ingcebo kubhekwe njengento kokuqala ukusebenza kwe-ukuqaliswa oqondile yephrojekthi sivunyiwe. Ngo Art. 39 ZK ngonyaka eside ngaphezu kabili, futhi inikeza nejoka izifundo kokuba ezindaweni esifanele ukusetshenziswa esiphakade futhi ngofuzo (esaphila) sobunikazi, ukubhujiswa izindawo ukuqala zokuluthola ingakapheli iminyaka emithathu. Imithetho efanayo iyasebenza kubalimi, labo abonakalisa iziza ngaphansi kwezinkontileka eside.

Ukwephula imithetho umthetho

Uma umnikazi alihambisani nezidingo ukusebenza ngendlela eqhubekayo komhlaba iphasela lingathathwa. Ukuze ukwephula izidingo umthetho, ikakhulukazi, zihlanganisa ekusebenzeni isabelo akuyona ngokuhambisana nenhloso, imisebenzi, okubangela ukuncipha eziphawulekayo kwenhlabathi nasekulondolozweni nokuwohloka kwemvelo endaweni. Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana imiphumela emibi ezindaweni zalo zemvelo. Kule ndaba, abanikazi, abaqashi kanye nabasebenzisi kumelwe zivumelane nalokho okufunwa kwemvelo. Ngokuhambisana Art. 42 ZK, izinhlangano balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukusebenzisa le Holdings ngokuhambisana injongo yabo ehlosiwe, kanye okuqondene omunye isigaba. Kulokhu, uvunyelwe kuphela lezi zindlela operation izindawo, okuyinto musa ilimaze imvelo. UMthetho Federal № 101 ulawula izinyathelo zokuqikelela ukuvundisa umhlaba ezindaweni zokulima. Ngokusho isenzo normative, ukwenziwa / Izindlela zokulima ukukhiqizwa kumele kusetshenziswe ukubekela eceleni noma banciphise umthelela omubi kwezemvelo.

izinyathelo kwemvelo

Ngo Art. 13 ZK inikeza imisebenzi izifundo wahlanganyela kokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Ikakhulukazi, abantu kumele zithathe amanyathelo:

1. Conservation kwenhlabathi wenzalo ayo.
2. Ukuvikelwa emhlabeni emoyeni kanye amanzi ashaya leli dwala, izikhukhula, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, usawoti yesibili, amanzi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kokucindezelwa, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, amakhemikhali kanye compounds enemisebe cluttering imfucuza kanye nezinye izici ezilimazayo, okubangela nokucekelwa yayo.
3. Ukuvikelwa kwamazwe wezolimo ekungenweni amagciwane isitshalo izinambuzane, ukhula, yene, amahlathi ongaphakeme nezinye ukuwohloka.
4. Ukuphungula imiphumela yokungcoliswa, kuhlanganise biogenic, futhi esizilahlayo ezweni.
5. Qinisekisa kulondolozwe izinga ofanele sokufuna futhi.
6. Ukususwa kwaleso sikhunta kwabiza nokubuyiselwa wenzalo ukuzibandakanya ekuqaleni inzuzo iziza.

izifundo umthwalo

Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba hhayi inhloso yazo, enza umonakalo yakhe isenzo njengoba icala. Ahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa lesimbi ukuze nokuziphendulela izinyathelo. Njengoba omunye wabo eziphatha njengoba ukususwa ngenkani. It wenziwa kuphela yisinqumo senkantolo. Isitatimende elihambisana wathunyelwa emizimbeni kwamandla wombuso esifundeni, isakhiwo lohulumeni basekhaya (e amacala eshiwo umthetho) ngokuvumelana nemithetho kuchaziwe TSP. izenzo normative isibopho ukuhlinzeka lezi zikhungo ukwazisa isihloko icala sayo esenzile. + imithetho isaziso kuchazwa ku TSP.

isiphetho

Umnikazi akakwazi ukwamukela isinqumo kwezimpawu noma ingxenye yayo nge intengo ezihlongozwayo. Kulokhu, uhulumeni ogunyaziwe umzimba unelungelo ukuhambisa icala. Isitatimende ukuhlengwa komhlaba lingalethwa ingakapheli iminyaka emibili kusukela ngosuku umnikazi isaziso olufanele (esivumelwaneni owandulelayo). Kuthiwa kule nomthetho kukhona eziningi eziphikisanayo kanye ambiguities. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga futhi ukuvimbela izenzo engekho emthethweni ingxenye iziphathimandla lesifunda kanye lendawo uma kwenzeka izimo ezihlobene anawo Holdings, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthatha ngosizo abameli abaqeqeshiwe.