Kungani ama-leukocyte egazini ephakanyiswa noma ehliswayo?

Ama-leukocyte ayingxenye yamaseli ahlukile ekusebenzeni nasekubukeni. Zibonakaliswa ukungabi nambala, kanye nokuba khona kwe-nucleus. Ama-leukocyte akhiwa emnothweni wethambo kanye namagciwane. Kulokhu, indima yabo emzimbeni womuntu inkulu kakhulu. La maseli egazi yizivikeli zangempela zomzimba ezivela ezincane ezincane, ama-virus, amabhaktheriya namaseli angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, azenzi nje kuphela umsebenzi wokuzivikela, kodwa futhi abambe iqhaza ekuziphenduleleni kwamagciwane, ekhiqizeni amakhemikhali, ebhubhisa futhi ebopha amanxusa amabi.

Esikhathini salo, wonke ama-leukocyte egazini ahlukaniswe abe yi-granular futhi engahlulwanga. Amaqembu amahlanu ahlukaniswa yizinhlobo: ama-basophil, ama-eosinophil, ama-monocytes, ama-neutrophils, ama-lymphocytes. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo yenza imisebenzi yayo eqondile. Isibonelo, ama-basophil aqukethe i-heparin ne-histamine, siza umzimba ukuthi unqobe ukusabela kokugula nokuvuvukala. I-Eosinophils ekubunjweni kwayo ine-antihistamines. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuhlanza umzimba wama-bacteria nezinto ezingaphandle. I-neutrophils ithwala i-phagocintosis, futhi ingabhubhisi nje kuphela amagciwane, kodwa futhi nemikhiqizo yabo yomsebenzi obalulekile (ubuthi). Ngamanye amazwi, leli qembu lama-leukocyte liveza ukungafihli komzimba. Ama-Manocytes abulala ama-pathogens kanye nezinsalela zabo. Ama-lymphocyte anesibopho sokukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies, okwandisa ukumelana komzimba ngokujwayelekile.

I-leukocytes egazini iqukethe cishe ama-4-9,000 amaseli / μl. Uma ukwehlukana okuvela kulolu hlobo kufakwe ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa, lokhu kungabonisa izimo ezimbili: i-leukocytosis noma i-leukopenia.

I- leukocytosis yisimo lapho i- leukocytes egazini iphakanyisiwe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubonisa ukutheleleka okukhulu (ezimweni eziningi, amabhaktheriya) noma inqubo yokuvuvukala. Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lama-leukocyte alisho neze isifo, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube khona ukusabela okunjalo kwezinye izinguquko emzimbeni. Isibonelo, inani labo landa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokucindezeleka, emva kokucindezeleka ngokomzimba nokucindezeleka, emva kokuthatha okugeza kakhulu noma okubandayo ngisho nasesikhathini sokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhuba we-leukocytes egazini ezinganeni ngokuvamile uvame kunabantu abadala. Futhi ngemva kokudla ukudla, ukuhlaziywa kungase kungalungile. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela zonke izici uma unquma umphumela.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-leukopenia kwenziwa yilabo abane-leukocytes egazini labo, okubonisa ukuthi kuncipha kokuzivikela. Kungase kube neukopenia elula njengokuthatha imithi (anticonvulsants, analgesics, njll), kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane (inkukhu, inkukhu, i-rubella nabanye). Ezinye izimbangela zokunciphisa ukubalwa kwamangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe zingabandakanya ama-collagenoses, ukulimala kwemisebe (imisebe, ama-ray), izifo zegazi, ukuxhumana nezinto ezivela kumakhemikhali (arsenic, benzene, DDT, njll). Izifo zengubo noma isimiso sezinzwa, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-hematopoiesis noma ukuphulwa kwayo, izifo ezithile ze-endocrine kanye nemetastasis emnothweni wamathumba - konke lokhu kungaholela ku-leukopenia. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile kuvame ukugcina izinga eliphansi lama-leukocyte egazini labantu abadala noma abantu abaphelile.

Akufanele kukhohliwe ukuthi akukhona nje kuphela okuphelele, kodwa futhi namanani ahlobene okuqukethwe izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-leukocyte kubalwa ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma iphesenti yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-leukocyte ishiya umkhawulo wendabuko, inani labo eliphelele libhekwa, uma lihambisana nokujwayelekile, khona-ke ukuhlaziywa kubhekwa njengokuhle. Ngakho-ke, kuyisibonakaliso esiphezulu esiyazisa kakhulu. Kungenxa yesisekelo sayo kuphela ukuthola isithombe esiphezulu sesimo sempilo.