Izwe uhlelo yemali kanye nekubaluleka kwalo ezweni lanamuhla

  Ngaphansi kohlelo yemali ezweni lanamuhla kusho kwegazi yemali kokubili ngaphakathi emazweni athuthukile, kanye nobudlelwane yemali nezinye izifundazwe. I global uhlelo yemali akuyona ngokushesha wathatha kwindlela thina zijwayele ukumbona.

Ekuqaleni, uhlelo ithuthukiswe angesabi, akekho azenzanga mzamo wokubuya ukuyilawula. Nakuba ayesekelwe standard igolide, kodwa kancane kancane waqala kubhekwe ukusebenza kwezikole zokusoka. Ngenxa yalokho, kwathi yokuthi kusekelwe imali yephepha-credit.

Uhlelo yemali zwe lanamuhla ifikile ibanga elide yentuthuko, okuyinto kakhulu okuphindaphindiwe izigaba lapho kwadingeka ukuba zidlule kanti izinhlelo zikazwelonke yemali lamazwe ngamanye. Ngokwesibonelo, yasekuqaleni iyiphi kazwelonke uhlelo yemali esekelwe standard igolide, igolide kwaba isiqinisekiso ukuzinza kanti uba indlela yokukhokha. Kamuva, ukusetshenziswa igolide abalahliwe, usebenzisa bullion kuphela njengoba izibambiso. Ngesikhathi sigaba sokugcina, lezi zinhlelo kwavela ukusetshenziswa iphepha-credit imali, isivele indima enkulu uthola credit.

Uhlelo lwemali enkundleni ngamazwe

  Emhlabeni ngendlela efanayo kwenziwe futhi uhlelo yemali global. Nakuba enkundleni yomhlaba kukhona eminye imithetho eziningana ukuthuthukiswa isimo sistimu Amathrendi efanayo. Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi e kwamaZwe ayikaze isikhathi Uhlamvu lwegolide, futhi ukusetshenziswa ingots waphikelela emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka.

Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ukuthuthukiswa ahlukahlukene asizayo credit imali. Ekuqaleni, baba amanothi ekhethekile noma amasheke. Konke lokhu siyintando izikweletu yezwe kwamanye amazwe noma umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba.

Izwe uhlelo yemali e zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili

  Ngu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili isimo saqala ukushintsha emhlabeni, okokuqala kunakho konke, lokhu sabonakala ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye ukuhweba phakathi uthi. Kulesi simo, uhlelo yemali izwe ngeke ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo kobuhlobo obunjalo. lokudzingekako ukuthi kungaletha ohlelweni ezingeni elisha.

uhlelo kaZwelonke futhi izwe yemali wayebe kancane ngesikhathi osithandayo, oludingekayo ukuze isilawuli okuthembekile. Kule ndaba, ngonyaka 30 isimo zashintsha ekubeni usebenzisa gold bullion indinganiso iphepha kanye credit ubudlelwane. Lolu hlelo wanikeza amathuba ambalwa eyengeziwe ngoba isiqondiso kwezomnotho.

Kakhulu ukuthonywa isimo Second neMpi Yezwe, okuyinto kakhulu ushintshe ukulingana kwamandla emhlabeni. Ikakhulu, i-gold inothile tibheke e-US, ngakho ithonya ukusabalala dollar sika.

Ngo-1944 aqale ayiswa khona isinqumo bahlele izimiso kohlelo yemali emhlabeni. Ngezinye Ye-UN neyaziwayo nengaphakathi igolide kohlelo, futhi dollar kanye sephawundi iphawundi ngikubizé zezimali ezinkulu zezwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke eyasungulwa -International Monetary Fund. Konke lokhu kusiza ukwenza umhlaba lwemali Convertible, futhi kuye kwasiza ukuxazulula kobudlelwane obuningi phakathi kwabantu futhi ukuqeda izinxushunxushu ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi e emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba.

Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimo saqala ukushintsha eYurophu, futhi Japan bakwazi ukundlula US yegolide, ngakho Inyakazisé isisekelo somnotho asenkulumweni uhlelo yemali ngamazwe. dollar banyukubala futhi emazweni amaningi baye benqaba nokugcina izinga zezimali zikazwelonke nge dollar kule ndaba. US devalued i-dollar ne emazweni amaningi kuhanjiswe ku amazinga elintantayo.

Kusukela ngo-1973, intengo legolide baqala ukubona ezimakethe zomhlaba kanye nezwe lwemali uhlelo ngiyilahle kwethonya igolide. Lobo bungane kuyagcinwa kuze kube yilolu suku, nakuba ngezikhathi izinguquko isikhathi kwenziwa ukuthi uzohlangana namazinga omhlaba.